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This compendium represents a starting point for those who wish to review the main topics of Physics in view of the admission tests to the scientific faculties. The main purpose of the text is to intrigue the reader, invite them to ask questions about the world around us and provide them with the basic skills to face the admission test to the University, serenely and with the appropriate competence. This is not a book and it is certainly not exhaustive, but it remains consistent with the topics proposed in the admission tests. The volume is divided into 8 parts which deal with the main topics that students face during secondary school: kinematics, dynamics, fluids, gas, thermodynamics, electrostatics, geometric optics and waves. Each topic is accompanied by multiple choice questions with frequently commented answers. The complexity in the presentation of the topics is weighed on the knowledge that a student leaving the secondary school should have acquired during the course of their studies.
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The subject around which the contributions in this volume gravitate is the creation of a higher institute of engineering studies in Florence in the late nineteenth-century. On the eve of the unification of Italy, Florence was a promising centre for a Polytechnic, in view of the experience of the Corpo di Ingegneri di Acque e Strade, the precocious railway building, the importance of the mining sector and the solidity of the Istituto Tecnico Toscano. Despite this, unlike what took place in Milan and in Turin, the Istituto Tecnico Toscano was not transformed into a Polytechnic for the training of engineers. The reasons for this non-development can be traced to the lack of "industrialist" propensities in the managerial group that emerged victorious from the "peaceful revolution" of 1859, to a desire for independence from the national academic system built on the Casati law, and to a local demand for engineering skills that was less dynamic than expected. Consequently, the prevailing winds were those of "normalisation" blowing from the government, the universities and the most prestigious Colleges of Engineers. Nevertheless, Florence continued to represent an important technological centre, especially in relation to railway infrastructures, public works, and the mechanical engineering industries (for example Pignone and Galileo). In the end it was not until one hundred years after unification that the city finally became the seat of a Faculty of Engineering.
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Antenne Integrate Attive (“Active Patch Antennas”) represents the first issue of the series «Quaderni del Dottorato di Ricerca in Ingegneria dell’Informazione» ("Issues of the PhD course in Information Engineering”) of the University of Florence, used as a didactic support to the PhD course bearing the same name. Active patch antennas, object of the publication and introduced as the enabling technology for high performance multifunctional front-ends for radar and communication systems, are currently also being used for Personal Area Networks (PAN) and for Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), at a low cost and power. In the arrays for space applications, where reliability is a key aspect, the approach to distributed active elements allows the improvement of the entire system’s defect tolerance. The issue is organized into six chapters. The first three chapters present the basic concepts related to radio links, the definition of the used parameters and their involvement in the constitutive relationships. In the fourth and fifth chapters, the design methods of the main antenna configurations are discussed, and some examples of application are provided. Finally, chapter six reviews the analysis methods used in modern software for electromagnetic and microwave circuit simulation.
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The exhibition Astronomia e Fisica a Firenze (“Astronomy and Physics in Florence”) illustrates the evolution of the two disciplines from the eighteenth century until the early decades of the twentieth century. The place in the city which witnessed and welcomed this process and the development of all sciences was the Imperial and Royal Museum of Physics and Natural History, where the exhibition is held. During the period of time examined, all aspects of the investigation of nature were equally pertinent to a single scholar, but towards the beginning of the twentieth century some guidelines underwent a profound transformation and the prevailing taxonomic and phenomenological approach took over, especially for disciplines like Astronomy and Physics. This specialised investigation ended up differentiating the various fields of research. Major protagonist of this phase was the development of spectroscopic analysis. The exhibition, open from December 2016 to March 2017, is organised by the University of Florence (National History Museum; Department of Physics and Astronomy) and the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, in collaboration with the Florence Section of the INFN, the Museo Galileo, the Historical Archive of the Municipality of Florence, the National Institute of Optics of CNR and the University Science Library.
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Measurements in present experiments have dramatically advanced our understanding of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. The suppression of the flux at the highest energies is now confirmed without any doubt, and strong limits have been placed on the photon and neutrino components. There are indications for a small, large-scale anisotropy both below and above the energy of the angle and for a correlation on smaller angular scales at E > 5.5*1019 eV. Around 3*1018 eV, there is a distinct change of slope with energy, and the shower-to-shower variance decreases. Interpreted with the leading LHC-tuned shower models, this implies a gradual shift to a heavier composition, and a number of fundamentally different astrophysical model scenarios have been developed to describe this evolution.
Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Physics --- Astrophysics --- Physical Cosmology
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Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. Supplement Volume 30 presents the complete Proceedings of all contributions to the XI European Powder Diffraction Conference in Warsaw 2008: Method Development and Application,Instrumental, Software Development, Materials. Supplement Series of Zeitschrift für Kristallographie publishes Proceedings and Abstracts of international conferences on the interdisciplinary field of crystallography.
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Due to the influence of pore-throat size distribution, pore connectivity, and microscale fractures, the transport, distribution, and residual saturation of fluids in porous media are difficult to characterize. Petrophysical methods in natural porous media have attracted great attention in a variety of fields, especially in the oil and gas industry. A wide range of research studies have been conducted on the characterization of porous media covers and multiphase flow therein. Reliable approaches for characterizing microstructure and multiphase flow in porous media are crucial in many fields, including the characterization of residual water or oil in hydrocarbon reservoirs and the long-term storage of supercritical CO2 in geological formations. This book gathers together 15 recent works to emphasize fundamental innovations in the field and novel applications of petrophysics in unconventional reservoirs, including experimental studies, numerical modeling (fractal approach), and multiphase flow modeling/simulations. The relevant stakeholders of this book are authorities and service companies working in the petroleum, subsurface water resources, air and water pollution, environmental, and biomaterial sectors.
Wilkins equation --- non-laminar flow --- turbulence modelling --- porous media --- oil tanker --- temperature drop --- oscillating motion --- numerical simulation --- soil-water characteristic curve --- initial void ratio --- air-entry value --- fractal dimension --- fractal model --- oil properties --- diffusion coefficient --- supercritical CO2 --- Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) --- CT --- digital rock --- microfractures --- Lattice Boltzmann method --- pore-scale simulations --- tight sandstone --- pore structure --- multifractal --- classification --- Ordos Basin --- loose media --- coal --- porosity --- true density --- bulk density --- overburden pressure --- particle size --- tight conglomerate --- fracture characterization and prediction --- fractal method --- salt rock --- creep --- damage --- fractional derivative --- acoustic emission --- marine gas hydrate --- submarine landslide --- greenhouse gas emission --- lifecycle management --- hazard prevention --- multilayer reservoir --- interlayer interference --- producing degree --- seepage resistance --- wellbore multiphase flow --- inclined angle --- liquid rate --- gas rate --- pressure drawdown model with new coefficients --- base-level cycle --- pore structure --- mouth bar sand body --- Huanghua Depression --- isotopic composition --- methane --- gas hydrate --- South China Sea --- Bakken Formation --- pore structure --- controlling factors --- low-temperature nitrogen adsorption --- petrophysics --- fractal porous media --- unconventional reservoirs --- multiphase flow
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Enrico Fermi, Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938, taught at the Royal University of Florence. Fermi's stay in Florence was short and only lasted two academic years (1924/25 and 1925/26); during those years, he taught "Mathematical Physics" and "Rational Mechanics” courses. This volume contributes to the reconstruction of this quite unknown period of Fermi's life, marked however by the publication of the Fermi statistics, a scientific breakthrough which would bring the Italian scientist to international celebrity thanks to its application in several fields of physics. This work is at the base, among other things, of semiconductor physics and therefore of modern electronics. The text also features Enrico Fermi’s "Lessons of Rational Mechanics” to Science students and to students from the two-year preparatory course for Engineering studies during the aforementioned time span. The topics Enrico Fermi addressed in his lectures include kinematics and point dynamics, kinematics and statics of rigid systems and system statics in general. Lastly, the lessons contain 'Lagrangia’’s equations and some elements of hydromechanics.
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Enrico Fermi, Nobel Prize for Physics in 1938, taught at the Royal University of Florence. Fermi's stay in Florence was short and only lasted two academic years (1924-25 and 1925-26); during those years, he taught "Mathematical Physics" and "Rational Mechanics” courses. This volume contributes to the reconstruction of this quite unknown period of Fermi's life, marked however by the publication of the Fermi statistics, which is also the foundation of the physics of semiconductors, and therefore of modern electronics. The text also features Enrico Fermi’s "Lessons of Rational Mechanics” to Science students and to students from the two-year preparatory course for Engineering studies during the aforementioned time span. The topics Enrico Fermi addressed in his lectures include kinematics and point dynamics, kinematics and statics of rigid systems and system statics in general. Lastly, the lessons contain «Lagrangia»’s equations and some elements of hydromechanics. This book is the first of a series of publications associated with the magazine «Il Colle di Galileo» by Firenze University Press.
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Enrico Fermi, Nobel Laureate in Physics in 1938, taught at the University of Florence just for two academic years (1924-25 and 1925-26). His research activity in these two years saw the publication of the statistics bearing his name (the two original 1926 papers by E. Fermi are reproduced in full in this book), which is at the basis of semiconductors, and hence of modern electronics. This volume is printed for the placement, at the School of Engineering in Florence, of an IEEE Milestone, within the ‘IEEE Global History Network program’, commemorating the event. The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) is the largest professional association in the world devoted to advancing technological innovation in electrical, electronic engineering, and related fields.
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