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This compendium represents a starting point for those who wish to review the main topics of Physics in view of the admission tests to the scientific faculties. The main purpose of the text is to intrigue the reader, invite them to ask questions about the world around us and provide them with the basic skills to face the admission test to the University, serenely and with the appropriate competence. This is not a book and it is certainly not exhaustive, but it remains consistent with the topics proposed in the admission tests. The volume is divided into 8 parts which deal with the main topics that students face during secondary school: kinematics, dynamics, fluids, gas, thermodynamics, electrostatics, geometric optics and waves. Each topic is accompanied by multiple choice questions with frequently commented answers. The complexity in the presentation of the topics is weighed on the knowledge that a student leaving the secondary school should have acquired during the course of their studies.
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Anton Pannekoek (1873-1960), prominent astronomer and world-renowned socialist theorist, stood at the nexus of the revolutions in politics, science and the arts of the early twentieth century. His astronomy was uniquely visual and highly innovative, while his politics were radical. Anton Pannekoek: Ways of Viewing Science and Society collects essays on Pannekoek and his contemporaries at the crossroads of political history, the history of science and art history.
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The exhibition Astronomia e Fisica a Firenze (“Astronomy and Physics in Florence”) illustrates the evolution of the two disciplines from the eighteenth century until the early decades of the twentieth century. The place in the city which witnessed and welcomed this process and the development of all sciences was the Imperial and Royal Museum of Physics and Natural History, where the exhibition is held. During the period of time examined, all aspects of the investigation of nature were equally pertinent to a single scholar, but towards the beginning of the twentieth century some guidelines underwent a profound transformation and the prevailing taxonomic and phenomenological approach took over, especially for disciplines like Astronomy and Physics. This specialised investigation ended up differentiating the various fields of research. Major protagonist of this phase was the development of spectroscopic analysis. The exhibition, open from December 2016 to March 2017, is organised by the University of Florence (National History Museum; Department of Physics and Astronomy) and the Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, in collaboration with the Florence Section of the INFN, the Museo Galileo, the Historical Archive of the Municipality of Florence, the National Institute of Optics of CNR and the University Science Library.
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This book contains the best and most up-to-date contributions in the field of late stage stellar evolution, as presented at the APNVII conference in Hong Kong in December 2017. A total of 60 scientists from 20 countries gathered to present, listen, interact and discuss the most current issues and problems in planetary nebulae and related objects research. The emphasis of this influential series of meetings, which was the seventh occasion over the last 20 years, has always been on the hypothesized and observed physical shaping mechanisms of the ejected nebulae that have such wonderful and intriguing forms. This special Galaxies conference issue of fully refereed contributions brings together a representative compilation of the meeting presentations in paper form. It captures the current “snap shot” status of this research field in some real sense. Such proceedings are well received and can be used as a reference material by both participants and all others working in the field for years to come.
planetary systems --- planetary nebulae --- stars: binaries --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- stars: variables: general --- stars: abundances --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- stars: atmospheres --- stars: individual: WD 0044–121 --- stars: individual: WD 2134+25 --- stars: individual: WD 1751+106 --- planetary nebulae --- asymptotic giant branch stars --- mass loss --- infra-red --- planetary nebulae --- integral field spectroscopy --- stellar evolution --- binarity --- planetary nebulae --- stellar mass loss --- stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- circumstellar dust --- planetary nebulae --- mass-loss --- stellar evolution --- X-rays --- stellar evolution --- late stage stellar evolution --- binarity: transients: planetary nebulae --- planetary nebulae --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- late stage stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- stars: binaries --- central stars of planetary nebulae --- proto-planetary nebulae --- binaries: spectroscopic --- stars: atmospheres --- stars: abundances --- supernovae --- late stage stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- binarity --- stellar evolution --- AGB and post-AGB stars --- circumstellar matter --- winds and outflows --- mass-loss --- jets --- binaries: close --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- stars: winds, outflows --- ISM: jets and outflows --- binary stars --- post-AGB --- discs --- planetary nebula --- X-ray --- stellar evolution --- AGB stars --- post-AGB stars --- planetary nebulae --- planetary nebulae --- fullerenes --- planetary nebulae --- AGB and post-AGB stars --- binarity --- accretion disks --- jets --- mass-loss --- circumstellar matter --- (sub)millimeter interferometry --- ultraviolet radiation, X-rays --- infrared interferometry --- AGB stars --- stellar evolution --- observations --- aperture masking --- planetary nebulae --- binarity --- abundances --- stellar evolution --- post-AGB stars --- pre-PN hydrodynamic models --- planetary nebulae: Common Envelope --- planetary nebulae: individual (OH231+8+04.2) --- astrochemistry --- planetary nebulae --- UIE bands --- normal modes --- displacement vectors --- late-stage stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- multi-wavelength photometry --- radial velocity --- stellar evolution --- pulsation --- shock wave --- late stage stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- theory and observation --- planetary nebulae --- AGB and post-AGB --- interstellar medium --- radio continuum --- winds --- outflows --- dust --- extinction --- ISM: abundances --- planetary nebulae: individual (NGC 6781)
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Magnetism defines the complex and dynamic solar corona. It determines the magnetic loop structure that dominates images of the corona, and stores the energy necessary to drive coronal eruptive phenomena and flare explosions. At great heights the corona transitions into the ever-outflowing solar wind, whose speed and three-dimensional morphology are controlled by the global coronal magnetic field. Coronal magnetism is thus at the heart of any understanding of the nature of the corona, and essential for predictive capability of how the Sun affects the Earth. Coronal magnetometry is a subject that requires a concerted effort to draw together the different strands of research happening around the world. Each method provides some information about the field, but none of them can be used to determine the full 3D field structure in the full volume of the corona. Thus, we need to combine them to understand the full picture. The purpose of this Frontiers Research Topic on Coronal Magnetometry is to provide a forum for comparing and coordinating these research methods, and for discussing future opportunities.
Sun --- solar corona --- Magnetic Fields --- solar flares --- Coronal mass ejections --- magnetohydrodynamics --- spectropolarimetry --- Solar Activity
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During the past few decades, plasma science has witnessed a great growth in laboratory studies, in simulations, and in space. Plasma is the most common phase of ordinary matter in the universe. It is a state in which ionized matter (even as low as 1%) becomes highly electrically conductive. As such, long-range electric and magnetic fields dominate its behavior. Cosmic plasmas are mostly associated with stars, supernovae, pulsars and neutron stars, quasars and active galaxies at the vicinities of black holes (i.e., their jets and accretion disks). Cosmic plasma phenomena can be studied with different methods, such as laboratory experiments, astrophysical observations, and theoretical/computational approaches (i.e., MHD, particle-in-cell simulations, etc.). They exhibit a multitude of complex magnetohydrodynamic behaviors, acceleration, radiation, turbulence, and various instability phenomena. This Special Issue addresses the growing need of the plasma science principles in astrophysics and presents our current understanding of the physics of astrophysical plasmas, their electromagnetic behaviors and properties (e.g., shocks, waves, turbulence, instabilities, collimation, acceleration and radiation), both microscopically and macroscopically. This Special Issue provides a series of state-of-the-art reviews from international experts in the field of cosmic plasmas and electromagnetic phenomena using theoretical approaches, astrophysical observations, laboratory experiments, and state-of-the-art simulation studies.
laser-induced nuclear reactions --- high-power laser systems --- laser plasma --- nuclear astrophysics --- effective lifetime --- 26Al --- active galactic nuclei --- relativistic jets --- magnetic fields --- radio interferometry --- black holes --- accretion disks --- X-ray binaries --- active galactic nuclei --- magnetic fields --- accretion disks --- MHD winds --- accreting black holes --- MHD–accretion --- accretion discs–jets --- AGN --- active galaxies --- blazars --- multi-wavelength astronomy --- muti-messenger astronomy --- neutrino astrophysics --- polarization --- active galactic nuclei --- relativistic jets --- magneto-hydrodynamics --- plasma physics --- numerical methods --- particle-in-cell simulations --- relativistic jets --- the Weibel instability --- kink-like instability --- mushroom instability --- global jets --- helical magnetic fields --- recollimation shocks --- jets --- radiation mechanism: non-thermal --- galaxies: active --- gamma-ray bursts --- TBD --- cosmic rays --- massive star supernovae --- cosmic ray knee and ankle --- GRMHD --- numerical relativity --- relativistic astrophysics --- jets --- high energy astrophysics
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Estuaries are regarded among the most ecologically threatened ecosystems worldwide largely due to poor land use practices within their catchment areas, freshwater abstraction, coastal development, and resource exploitation. Moreover, these systems act as repositories for various anthropogenic contaminants. The establishment and successful implementation of conservation and management strategies are critically dependent on understanding the links among physicochemical, hydrological, and biological variables within these systems. The book provides a comprehensive overview of selected topics including modeling of water exchange between estuaries and the ocean, sediment geochemistry and mangrove health, climate variability and hydrology, and pesticides in estuaries and ecosystem functioning for various estuaries including permanently open, mangrove, and intermittently open/closed systems in both the northern and the southern hemispheres.
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This book consists of a selection of original papers of the leading scientists in the fields of Space and Planetary Physics, Solar and Space Plasma Physics with important contributions to the theory, modeling and experimental techniques of the solar wind exploration. Its purpose is to provide the means for interested readers to become familiar with the current knowledge of the solar wind formation and elemental composition, the interplanetary dynamical evolution and acceleration of the charged plasma particles, and the guiding magnetic field that connects to the magnetospheric field lines and adjusts the effects of the solar wind on Earth. I am convinced that most of the research scientists actively working in these fields will find in this book many new and interesting ideas.
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Drawing on a number of disciplines and an ethnographic analysis of 250 Facebook political groups, Marichal explores how Facebook's emphasis on social connection impacts key dimensions of political participation: e.g. mobilization, deliberation, and attitude formation.
online social networks --- political participation --- communication in politics --- facebook --- disclosure of information --- political aspects --- technological innovations --- data processing
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Galaxies, along with their underlying dark matter halos, constitute the building blocks of structure in the Universe. Of all fundamental forces, gravity is the dominant one that drives the evolution of structures from small density seeds at early times to the galaxies we see today. The interactions among myriads of stars, or dark matter particles, in a gravitating structure produce a system with fascinating connotations to thermodynamics, with some analogies and some fundamental differences. Ignacio Ferreras presents a concise introduction to extragalactic astrophysics, with emphasis on stellar dynamics, and the growth of density fluctuations in an expanding Universe. Additional chapters are devoted to smaller systems (stellar clusters) and larger ones (galaxy clusters). Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution is written for advanced undergraduates and beginning postgraduate students, providing a useful tool to get up to speed in a starting research career. Some of the derivations for the most important results are presented in detail to enable students appreciate the beauty of maths as a tool to understand the workings of galaxies. Each chapter includes a set of problems to help the student advance with the material.
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