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This book contains the best and most up-to-date contributions in the field of late stage stellar evolution, as presented at the APNVII conference in Hong Kong in December 2017. A total of 60 scientists from 20 countries gathered to present, listen, interact and discuss the most current issues and problems in planetary nebulae and related objects research. The emphasis of this influential series of meetings, which was the seventh occasion over the last 20 years, has always been on the hypothesized and observed physical shaping mechanisms of the ejected nebulae that have such wonderful and intriguing forms. This special Galaxies conference issue of fully refereed contributions brings together a representative compilation of the meeting presentations in paper form. It captures the current “snap shot” status of this research field in some real sense. Such proceedings are well received and can be used as a reference material by both participants and all others working in the field for years to come.

planetary systems --- planetary nebulae --- stars: binaries --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- stars: variables: general --- stars: abundances --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- stars: atmospheres --- stars: individual: WD 0044–121 --- stars: individual: WD 2134+25 --- stars: individual: WD 1751+106 --- planetary nebulae --- asymptotic giant branch stars --- mass loss --- infra-red --- planetary nebulae --- integral field spectroscopy --- stellar evolution --- binarity --- planetary nebulae --- stellar mass loss --- stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- circumstellar dust --- planetary nebulae --- mass-loss --- stellar evolution --- X-rays --- stellar evolution --- late stage stellar evolution --- binarity: transients: planetary nebulae --- planetary nebulae --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- late stage stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- stars: binaries --- central stars of planetary nebulae --- proto-planetary nebulae --- binaries: spectroscopic --- stars: atmospheres --- stars: abundances --- supernovae --- late stage stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- binarity --- stellar evolution --- AGB and post-AGB stars --- circumstellar matter --- winds and outflows --- mass-loss --- jets --- binaries: close --- stars: AGB and post-AGB --- stars: winds, outflows --- ISM: jets and outflows --- binary stars --- post-AGB --- discs --- planetary nebula --- X-ray --- stellar evolution --- AGB stars --- post-AGB stars --- planetary nebulae --- planetary nebulae --- fullerenes --- planetary nebulae --- AGB and post-AGB stars --- binarity --- accretion disks --- jets --- mass-loss --- circumstellar matter --- (sub)millimeter interferometry --- ultraviolet radiation, X-rays --- infrared interferometry --- AGB stars --- stellar evolution --- observations --- aperture masking --- planetary nebulae --- binarity --- abundances --- stellar evolution --- post-AGB stars --- pre-PN hydrodynamic models --- planetary nebulae: Common Envelope --- planetary nebulae: individual (OH231+8+04.2) --- astrochemistry --- planetary nebulae --- UIE bands --- normal modes --- displacement vectors --- late-stage stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- multi-wavelength photometry --- radial velocity --- stellar evolution --- pulsation --- shock wave --- late stage stellar evolution --- planetary nebulae --- theory and observation --- planetary nebulae --- AGB and post-AGB --- interstellar medium --- radio continuum --- winds --- outflows --- dust --- extinction --- ISM: abundances --- planetary nebulae: individual (NGC 6781)

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Galaxies, along with their underlying dark matter halos, constitute the building blocks of structure in the Universe. Of all fundamental forces, gravity is the dominant one that drives the evolution of structures from small density seeds at early times to the galaxies we see today. The interactions among myriads of stars, or dark matter particles, in a gravitating structure produce a system with fascinating connotations to thermodynamics, with some analogies and some fundamental differences. Ignacio Ferreras presents a concise introduction to extragalactic astrophysics, with emphasis on stellar dynamics, and the growth of density fluctuations in an expanding Universe. Additional chapters are devoted to smaller systems (stellar clusters) and larger ones (galaxy clusters). Fundamentals of Galaxy Dynamics, Formation and Evolution is written for advanced undergraduates and beginning postgraduate students, providing a useful tool to get up to speed in a starting research career. Some of the derivations for the most important results are presented in detail to enable students appreciate the beauty of maths as a tool to understand the workings of galaxies. Each chapter includes a set of problems to help the student advance with the material.

galaxy formation --- astrophysics --- galaxy clusters

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The Göttingen Observatory, workplace of the famous scholar Carl Friedrich Gauss, is an important architectural monument. In 2005, it has been reconstructed jointly by the Georg-August-University and the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen. Since then it serves as a representative building for the University and is the seat of the Academy. With the use of the historic rooms for exhibitions this imposing building is open to the public for the first time. 200 years ago the observatory represented the recent scientific findings of its time and moved the University of Göttingen into the leading group of the foremost research institutions in Europe at this time. Also due to its architecture it has been a big leap for Georg Heinrich Borheck, architecture of the University of Göttingen. The war of the Napoleonic era disrupted the attempt of Borheck to publish his description of the construction of the Göttingen observatory in 1805. But his writing is still relevant today and will be finally published with this band for the first time accessible to a wide public. It shows the principles on which public buildings were designed then, explains the importance of the construction in art- and science-historical perspectives and informs on the plans for the restoration of the observatory in a separate article and in the preface by the President of the Georg-August University Prof. Dr. Dr. hc Kurt von Figura.

astronomy --- history of astronomy --- observatory

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This book shows how the study of multi-hadron production phenomena in the years after the founding of CERN culminated in Hagedorn's pioneering idea of limiting temperature, leading on to the discovery of the quark-gluon plasma -- announced, in February 2000 at CERN. Following the foreword by Herwig Schopper -- the Director General (1981-1988) of CERN at the key historical juncture -- the first part is a tribute to Rolf Hagedorn (1919-2003) and includes contributions by contemporary friends and colleagues, and those who were most touched by Hagedorn: Tamás Biró, Igor Dremin, Torleif Ericson, Marek Gaździcki, Mark Gorenstein, Hans Gutbrod, Maurice Jacob, István Montvay, Berndt Müller, Grazyna Odyniec, Emanuele Quercigh, Krzysztof Redlich, Helmut Satz, Luigi Sertorio, Ludwik Turko, and Gabriele Veneziano. The second and third parts retrace 20 years of developments that after discovery of the Hagedorn temperature in 1964 led to its recognition as the melting point of hadrons into boiling quarks, and to the rise of the experimental relativistic heavy ion collision program. These parts contain previously unpublished material authored by Hagedorn and Rafelski: conference retrospectives, research notes, workshop reports, in some instances abbreviated to avoid duplication of material, and rounded off with the editor's explanatory notes.

Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics --- History of Science

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The third edition of this indispensable book in radio interferometry provides extensive updates to the second edition, including results and technical advances from the past decade; discussion of arrays that now span the full range of the radio part of the electromagnetic spectrum observable from the ground, 10 MHz to 1 THz; an analysis of factors that affect array speed; and an expanded discussion of digital signal-processing techniques and of scintillation phenomena and the effects of atmospheric water vapor on image distortion, among many other topics. With its comprehensiveness and detailed exposition of all aspects of the theory and practice of radio interferometry and synthesis imaging, this book has established itself as a standard reference in the field. It begins with an overview of the basic principles of radio astronomy, a short history of the development of radio interferometry, and an elementary discussion of the operation of an interferometer. From this foundation, it delves into the underlying relationships of interferometry, sets forth the coordinate systems and parameters to describe synthesis imaging, and examines configurations of antennas for multielement synthesis arrays. Various aspects of the design and response of receiving systems are discussed, as well as the special requirements of very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), image reconstruction, and recent developments in image enhancement techniques and astrometric observations. Also discussed are propagation effects in the media between the source and the observer, and radio interference, factors that limit performance. Related techniques are introduced, including intensity interferometry, optical interferometry, lunar occultations, tracking of satellites in Earth orbit, interferometry for remote Earth sensing, and holographic measurements of antenna surfaces. This book will benefit anyone who is interested in radio interferometry techniques for astronomy, astrometry, geodesy, or electrical engineering.

astronomy --- physics --- communications --- radio --- engineering