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Vera Portocarrero propõe-se a refletir até que ponto o novo modelo psiquiátrico trazido por Juliano Moreira e seus contemporâneos se constitui como uma ruptura do saber e da prática psiquiátrica no Brasil. Dirigindo-se à análise de arquivos, a autora procede a uma análise de discursos e de documentos, especialmente arquivos brasileiros encontrados na Biblioteca Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, nas bibliotecas de medicina, do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, do Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, dentre outros. Os discursos encontrados nesses arquivos são analisados dentro de uma perspectiva foucaultiana, ultrapassando, desse modo, a simples ordenação memorialística; deixando uma suspeita em relação ao discurso psiquiátrico dominante e apontando uma descontinuidade histórica no que diz respeito à articulação do saber com as práticas e seu caráter estratégico.
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Victorian literature is rife with scenes of madness, with mental disorder functioning as everything from a simple plot device to a commentary on the foundations of Victorian society. But while madness in Victorian fiction has been much studied, most scholarship has focused on the portrayal of madness in women; male mental disorder in the period has suffered comparative neglect. In ‘The Most Dreadful Visitation’, Valerie Pedlar redresses the balance. This extraordinary study explores a wide range of Victorian writings to consider the relationship between the portrayal of mental illness in literary works and the portrayal of similar disorders in the writings of doctors and psychologists. Pedlar presents in-depth studies of Dickens’s Barnaby Rudge, Tennyson’s Maud, Wilkie Collins’s Basil and Trollope’s He Knew He Was Right, considering each work in the context of Victorian understandings – and fears – of mental degeneracy.
Book title: The Routledge handbook of neuroethics
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In recent years, philosophers, neuroethicists, and others have become preoccupied with “moral enhancement.” Very roughly, this refers to the deliberate moral improvement of an individual’s character, motives, or behavior. In one sense, such enhancement could be seen as “nothing new at all” (Wiseman, 2016, 4) or as something philosophically mundane: as G. Owen Schaefer (2015) has stated, “Moral enhancement is an ostensibly laudable project. . . .
motives --- moral improvement --- behaviour --- character --- individuals
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comorbidities --- forensic psychiatrie --- personality disorder --- developmental disorder
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Aims and Scope: The Research Topic is designed to feature the latest innovative and leading-edge research, reviews and opinions on the study of complex and dynamic processes related to the mammalian immune system and cancer. All papers were meticulously selected to present our readers the multidisciplinary approach to tackle the existing challenges faced in these important fields. From high throughput experimental methodologies to computational and theoretical approaches, the articles are intended to introduce physicists, chemists, computer scientists, biologists and immunologists the idea of systems biology approach to the understanding of mammalian immune system and cancer processes. Attention was given to works that developed more effective approaches to the treatment of proinflammatory disease and cancer. The strong interdisciplinary focus will discuss biological systems at the level from a few molecules to the entire organism. Specific focus domain includes: Innate and adaptive immunity, cancer and cancer stem cell, genomic, proteomic and metabolic analysis, imaging, biophysics of immune and cancer response, computational modeling, non-linear analysis, statistical analysis, translational and disease models Types of articles: Viewpoint, commentaries, research letters, research articles, review and methodologies
Systems Biology --- High dimensional data --- immunology --- Cancer --- plasticity --- Computational Biology --- statistics --- Nonparametric
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For much of the 20th century, theories of addictive behaviour and motivation were polarized between two models. The first model viewed addiction as a moral failure for which addicts are rightly held responsible and judged accordingly. The second model, in contrast, viewed addiction as a specific brain disease caused by neurobiological adaptations occurring in response to chronic drug or alcohol use, and over which addicts have no choice or control. As our capacity to observe neurobiological phenomena improved, the second model became scientific orthodoxy, increasingly dominating addiction research and informing public understandings of addiction. More recently, however, a dissenting view has emerged within addiction research, based partly on new scientific research and partly on progress in philosophical and psychological understandings of relevant mental phenomena. This view does not revert to treating addiction as a moral failure, but nonetheless holds that addictive behaviour is fundamentally motivated by choice and subject to at least a degree of voluntary control. On this alternative model of addiction, addictive behaviour is an instrumental means to ends that are desired by the individual, although much controversy exists with respect to the rationality or irrationality of these ends, the degree and nature of the voluntary control of addictive behaviour and motivation, the explanation of the difference between addictive and non-addictive behaviour and motivation, and, lastly, the extent to which addictive behaviour and motivation is correctly characterised as pathological or diseased. This research topic includes papers in the traditions of neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, law and social science that explore alternative understandings of addiction.
drugs --- Addiction --- Disease --- choice --- compulsion --- Self-Control --- substance abuse --- substance dependence
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The prevalence of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa is growing, and these disorders are affecting adolescents and young adults at increasingly younger ages. This has led to a greater number of patients presenting to health services. Although novel therapeutic approaches have been introduced in recent decades, the mortality rates of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa remain alarmingly high. The course of anorexia nervosa in particular is often chronic and can lead to persistent disability. This book covers the clinical features and symptoms, neurobiology, pathophysiology, and current and potential future treatment options for both anorexia and bulimia nervosa. It also highlights the important aspects of support for families and their perspectives on these disorders.
Health Sciences --- Medicine --- Phagology --- Psychiatry
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In this book, we focus on children with anxiety disorders and the children whose parents were diagnosed with anxiety disorders in their lifetime. The aim is to investigate the different types of anxiety disorders with different underlying mechanisms. The developmental perspective will support a better understanding of the development of anxiety disorders and transition from childhood to adulthood. We believe this book will appeal to a wide audience of practicing psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, social workers and mental health professionals. It is our hope that many will find this book useful for training mental health professionals to give them the newest developmental point of view about prototype anxiety disorders. We dedicate this book to our lovely families, patients, and their families.
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This volume brings together leading experts to explore the state of the art of cognitive clinical assessment and identify cutting-edge approaches of interest to clinicians and researchers. The book highlights fundamental problems concerning the validity of assessments that are widely used in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Key directions for further research and development are identified. Updated cognitive assessment methods are described in detail, with particular attention to transdiagnostic treatment, evidence-based practice, cognitive case formulation, and imagery-based techniques.
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This Research Topic has the aim to fill the gap of the many unresolved scientific issues on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) that are still in need of investigation, Targeted treatments based on the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease are still lacking. Further research is awaited and should be obtained through a significant effort on experimental treatment trials and neuroscience research. This Topic is divided in two main sections, one covering clinical issues and another on basic neurosciences of Autism Spectrum Disorders. A more detailed description of the contents of the articles is provided in the editorial at the beginning of the issue.
autism spectrum disorders --- neurobiology --- genetics --- experimental treatments --- clinical and preclinical characteristics --- childhood --- adolescence
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