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A few weeks before van Gogh admitted himself into a mental hospital in Saint-Rémy in spring 1889 he had written to Gauguin that he wanted to create a “consolatory art for distressed hearts”. From his bedroom in the clinic he overlooked an enclosed wheat field. Over the course of a year the seasonal changes inspired Van Gogh to paint a cycle of this wheat field, thereby seeing it as an allegorical representation of the fate of human life, which comforted him.
van Gogh --- cycle --- wheat field
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The onset of flowering is an important step during the lifetime of a flowering plant. During the past two decades, there has been enormous progress in our understanding of how internal and external (environmental) cues control the transition to reproductive growth in plants. Many flowering time regulators have been identified from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Most of them are assembled in regulatory pathways, which converge to central integrators which trigger the transition of the vegetative into an inflorescence meristem. For crop cultivation, the time of flowering is of upmost importance, because it determines yield. Phenotypic variation for this trait is largely controlled by genes, which were often modified during domestication or crop improvement. Understanding the genetic basis of flowering time regulation offers new opportunities for selection in plant breeding and for genome editing and genetic modification of crop species.
floral transition --- crop plants --- Arabidopsis --- Phenological development --- barley --- rice --- Tomato --- BEET --- wheat --- Prunus
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Allohexaploid bread wheat and diploid barley are two of the most cultivated crops in the world. This book reports novel research and reviews concerning the use of modern technologies to understand the molecular bases for wheat and barley improvement. The contributions published in this book illustrate research advances in wheat and barley knowledge using modern molecular techniques. These molecular approaches cover genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phenomic levels, together with new tools for gene identification and the development of novel molecular markers. Overall, the contributions for this book lead to a further understanding of regulatory systems in order to improve wheat and barley performance.
Triticum durum --- Aegilops tauschii --- Triticum aestivum --- marker-trait associations --- genes --- bread wheat --- genetic biofortification --- favorable alleles --- allohexaploid --- homoeolog --- hybrid necrosis --- molecular marker --- wheat --- wheat --- rye --- 6R --- small segment translocation --- powdery mildew --- transgenic wheat --- 12-oxophytodienoate reductase --- jasmonates --- freezing tolerance --- HIGS --- transgene --- wheat --- barley --- cereal cyst nematodes --- wheat --- barely --- breeding --- biotechnology --- resistance --- Triticum aestivum --- Landrace --- Powdery mildew --- Bulked segregant analysis-RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) --- Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) --- Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) --- Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici --- protein two-dimensional electrophoresis --- mass spectrometry --- Pm40 --- Barley --- Grain development --- Transcriptional dynamics --- RNA editing --- RNA-seq --- durum wheat --- Tunisian landraces --- center of diversity --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- DArTseq technology --- chromatin --- 3D-FISH --- nucleus --- introgression --- rye --- hybrid --- wheat --- genome stability --- wheat --- Thinopyrum --- chromosome --- ND-FISH --- oligo probe --- barley --- wheat --- protease --- germination --- grain --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant enzymes --- aquaporin --- TdPIP2 --- 1 --- histochemical analysis --- transgenic wheat --- transpiration --- wheat --- Aegilops tauschii --- Lr42 --- disease resistance --- molecular mapping --- KASP markers --- marker-assisted selection --- phytase --- wheat --- barley --- purple acid phosphatase phytase --- PAPhy --- mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) --- genome assembly --- bread wheat --- barley --- optical mapping --- BAC --- ribosomal DNA --- cereals --- CRISPR --- crops --- genetic engineering --- genome editing --- plant --- Triticeae --- n/a
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This book provides a review of precision agriculture technology development, followed by a presentation of the state-of-the-art and future requirements of precision agriculture technology. It presents different styles of precision agriculture technologies suitable for large scale mechanized farming; highly automated community-based mechanized production; and fully mechanized farming practices commonly seen in emerging economic regions. The book emphasizes the introduction of core technical features of sensing, data processing and interpretation technologies, crop modeling and production control theory, intelligent machinery and field robots for precision agriculture production.
Crop Science --- ENVIRO --- AGRICULTURE --- SCI-TECH --- ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCE --- STM --- application --- canopy --- fertilization --- fertilizer --- monitor --- reflectance --- variable-rate --- wheat --- winter --- yield
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During its 2.5 million years of evolution, the human species has evolved through major dramatic changes, mainly dictated by natural elements and, most importantly, by food availability. The diet of hunters and gatherers, hominids, was mainly based on fruit, vegetables, tubers, and occasionally meat and fish. Then, approximately 10,000 years ago, a drastic change in life style occurred, shifting from nomadic to settlers with domestication of animals and crops. A consequence of this change was the advent of wheat and other grains containing gluten-related proteins in human diet. This revolutionary transformation occurred at the Fertile Crescent, the modern-day Iraq, and spread from South to North and East to West at a speed of approximately 1 km/year. Ever since, the distribution of food goods became more and more uneven with wealthy countries getting more than necessary, while poor countries struggle with malnutrition and consequently this increased mortality. Unfortunately, the industrial revolution, rather than closing the gap, created even more inequalities that still exist today, leading to very different but equally worrisome pathologies, namely obesity in industrialized countries and famine in developing countries. [...]
celiac disease --- gluten --- gluten threshold --- gluten sensitivity --- fiber --- oats --- compliance --- wheat allergy --- malnutrition --- dietary treatment --- nutrient intake --- gluten-free food --- gluten-free diet --- gluten contamination
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We are currently experiencing a climate crisis that is associated with extreme weather events worldwide. Some of its most noticeable effects are increases in temperatures, droughts, and desertification. These effects are already making whole regions unsuitable for agriculture. Therefore, we urgently need global measures to mitigate the effects of climate breakdown as well as crop alternatives that are more stress-resilient. These crop alternatives can come from breeding new varieties of well-established crops, such as wheat and barley. They can also come from promoting underutilized crop species that are naturally tolerant to some stresses, such as quinoa. Either way, we need to gather more knowledge on how plants respond to stresses related to climate breakdown, such as heat, water-deficit, flooding high salinity, nitrogen, and heavy metal stress. This Special Issue provides a timely collection of recent advances in the understanding of plant responses to these stresses. This information will definitely be useful to the design of new strategies to prevent the loss of more cultivable land and to reclaim the land that has already been declared unsuitable.
wheat --- grain protein content --- water deficit --- genome-wide association mapping --- cell death --- heat stress --- plant cell cultures --- selenium --- tobacco BY-2 --- quinoa --- abiotic stress --- heat --- drought --- salinity --- mechanism --- nickel --- hyperaccumulation --- serpentine --- RNA-Seq --- IREG --- ferroportin --- ZIP --- histidine --- morphological characteristics --- transcriptome sequencing --- wheat --- low nitrogen stress --- drought --- salinity --- poaceae --- HSP70 --- landraces --- mediterranean area --- chaperons --- abiotic stress --- De novo transcriptome --- lateral root --- legume --- Vigna vexillata --- waterlogging --- high temperatures --- heat stress --- photosynthesis --- photosystem I --- photoprotection --- photoinhibition --- wheat --- water stress --- high salinity stress --- heat stress --- orphan crop --- nickel hyper-accumulation
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Contamination of foods and agricultural commodities by various types of toxigenic fungi is a concerning issue for human and animal health. Moulds naturally present in foods can produce mycotoxins and contaminate foodstuffs under favourable conditions of temperature, relative humidity, pH, and nutrient availability. Mycotoxins are, in general, stable molecules that are difficult to remove from foods once they have been produced. Therefore, the prevention of mycotoxin contamination is one of the main goals of the agriculture and food industries. Chemical control or decontamination techniques may be quite efficient; however, the more sustainable and restricted use of fungicides, the lack of efficiency in some foods, and the consumer demand for chemical-residue-free foods require new approaches to control this hazard. Therefore, food safety demands continued research efforts for exploring new strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. This Special Issue contains original contributions and reviews that advance the knowledge about the most current promising approaches to minimize mycotoxin contamination, including biological control agents, phytochemical antifungal compounds, enzyme detoxification, and the use of novel technologies.
deoxynivalenol --- degradation --- photocatalysis --- ?-Fe2O3 --- degradation products --- Aspergillus flavus --- Penicillium verrucosum --- AITC --- fungal growth reduction --- mycotoxin reduction --- decontamination --- mycotoxins --- Aflatoxin M1 --- milk --- binding --- stability --- zearalenone --- biological detoxification --- Bacillus --- fermentation --- roasted coffee --- mycotoxigenic fungi --- ochratoxin A --- cold plasma --- detoxification --- brine shrimp bioassay --- mycotoxins --- Fusarium sp., Botrytis sp., apple pomace --- phloridzin --- quercetin glycosides --- pinnatifidanoside D --- deoxynivalenol --- wheat --- superheated steam --- wheat quality --- crisp biscuit --- biological control --- post-harvest phytopathogen --- Penicillium digitatum --- Penicillium italicum --- Geothrichum citri-aurantii --- zearalenone --- estrogen response element --- gene expression --- cell proliferation --- estrogen receptor --- biotransformation --- Fusarium --- mycotoxins --- garlic-derived extracts --- green chemistry --- fungi --- EU limits --- abiotic factors --- storage --- wheat --- maize --- oats --- fumonisin --- enzymatic detoxification --- fumonisin esterase FumD --- enzyme kinetics --- maize --- Zearalenone --- biodegradation --- probiotics --- cell-free extracts of Aspergillus oryzae --- pig production performance --- Bacillus --- Fusarium graminearum --- antagonism --- mode of action --- essential oils --- Satureja montana --- Origanum virens --- Aspergillus flavus --- aflatoxin --- corn --- nanoparticles --- Penicillium nordicum --- biocontrol agents --- dry-cured ham --- ochratoxin A (OTA) --- n/a
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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Fertilizer Application on Crop Yield that was published in Agronomy
soil organic matter --- soil biota --- soil acidity --- soil erosion --- fertilizer management --- site-specific nutrient management --- balanced use of fertilizers --- integrated nutrient management --- agronomic response --- calcium --- Copper --- NPK amendments --- Value Cost Ratio --- Zinc --- nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) --- nitrate assimilation --- nitrate reductase activity --- maize --- nitrate --- ammonia --- NADH --- NADH-dehydrogenase --- Complex I --- site-specific K management --- soil K supply --- maize yield response to K --- maize crop manager --- nutrient expert for maize --- durum wheat --- mineral N --- organic N --- S fertilization --- grain quality --- grain yield --- phosphorous --- potassium --- corn–soybean rotation --- management --- production system --- organic farming --- conventional farming --- organic nutrients --- chemical fertilizers --- global food demand --- agroforestry system --- evergreen agriculture --- biofertilizer --- Bacillus pumilus --- growth promotion --- N fertilizer --- rice --- yield --- green manure --- nitrogen uptake --- Orychophragmus violaceus L. --- soil nitrogen pools --- grain yield --- Zea mays L. --- hybrid rice --- K use efficiency --- potassium --- saline tract --- soil N supply --- soil N mineralization --- N fertilization --- potentially mineralizable N --- humid Mediterranean climate --- conservation agriculture --- NUE --- nitrogen recovery efficiency --- nitrogen physiological recovery --- wheat yields --- Agrotain® urea --- rice-wheat system --- organic farming --- forage legume --- long-term productivity --- soil health --- economics --- integrated nutrient management --- rice --- wheat --- yield --- net returns --- soil health --- sustainability
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Crop models and remote sensing techniques have been combined and applied in agriculture and crop estimation on local and regional scales, or worldwide, based on the simultaneous development of crop models and remote sensing. The literature shows that many new remote sensing sensors and valuable methods have been developed for the retrieval of canopy state variables and soil properties from remote sensing data for assimilating the retrieved variables into crop models. At the same time, remote sensing has been used in a staggering number of applications for agriculture. This book sets the context for remote sensing and modelling for agricultural systems as a mean to minimize the environmental impact, while increasing production and productivity. The eighteen papers published in this Special Issue, although not representative of all the work carried out in the field of Remote Sensing for agriculture and crop modeling,
crop residue management --- remote sensing --- satellite images --- hyperspectral sensor --- vegetation index --- yield monitoring --- remote sensing --- proximal sensing --- crop modeling --- soil --- plant --- management zone --- spatial variability --- temporal variability --- precision agriculture --- Á Trous algorithm --- conservation agriculture --- crop inventory --- remote sensing --- spectral-weight variations in fused images --- soil stoichiometry --- land use change --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen --- Tarim Basin --- SPAD --- leaf nitrogen concentration --- nitrogen nutrition index --- grain yield --- dynamic model --- wheat --- disease --- yield --- septoria tritici blotch --- leaf area index --- crop modelling --- decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) --- Cropsim-CERES Wheat --- sorghum biomass --- prediction modeling --- machine learning --- fAPAR --- Sentinel-2 satellite imagery --- big data technology --- remote sensing --- UAV --- vegetation indices --- relative frequencies --- yield --- precision agriculture --- cultivars --- crop growth model --- data assimilation --- Leaf Area Index --- Sentinel-2 --- EPIC model --- yield estimation --- NDVI --- remote sensing --- GIS --- precision farming --- variable rate technology --- yield mapping --- protein content --- wheat --- canopy temperature depression --- NDVI --- RGB images --- grain yield --- ?13C --- UAV chemical application --- droplet drift --- flat-fan atomizer --- simulation analysis --- control variables --- agricultural land-cover --- multi-spectral --- generalized model --- machine learning --- crop type mapping --- Integrated Administration and Control System --- remote sensing --- hydroponic --- vegetable monitoring --- crop production --- spectral simulation --- hyperspectral data --- n/a --- fractional cover --- irrigation --- satellite --- crop simulation model --- AquaCrop --- yield mapping --- remote sensing --- durum wheat --- precision agriculture --- large cardamom --- remote sensing --- species modelling --- habitat assessment --- climate change
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Water Footprint Assessment is a young research field that considers how freshwater use, scarcity, and pollution relate to consumption, production, and trade patterns. This book presents a wide range of studies within this new field. It is argued that collective and coordinated action - at different scale levels and along all stages of commodity supply chains - is necessary to bring about more sustainable, efficient, and equitable water use. The presented studies range from farm to catchment and country level, and show how different actors along the supply chain of final commodities can contribute to more sustainable water use in the chain.
water footprint --- land footprint --- economic water productivity --- economic land productivity --- crop choice --- CSR --- sericulture --- silk --- Malawi --- food security --- food self-sufficiency --- water footprint --- water scarcity --- crop trade --- virtual water trade --- water productivity --- water saving --- green water availability --- effective rain --- crop water demand --- water resources --- water footprint --- water management --- soybean --- cattle --- land use change --- Amazon --- Cerrado --- Mato Grosso --- Steenkoppies Aquifer --- carrots --- cabbage --- beetroot --- broccoli --- lettuce --- packhouse --- retail --- consumers --- Central Europe --- modelling --- urban area --- water footprint --- water management --- water footprint --- irrigation intensity --- wheat --- maize --- Haihe River Basin --- blue water footprint --- water scarcity footprint --- threshold --- embedded resource accounting --- life cycle analysis --- regulation --- economic water productivities --- groundwater --- wheat-bread --- water footprint accounting --- South Africa --- value addition --- water footprint --- root water uptake --- oil palm (Eleasis guineensis) --- crop ages --- soil type --- environmental sustainability --- water footprint assessment --- multi-level governance --- value chain --- consumption --- international trade --- river basin management --- sustainability --- water accounting --- water productivity --- water footprint benchmarks
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