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A few weeks before van Gogh admitted himself into a mental hospital in Saint-Rémy in spring 1889 he had written to Gauguin that he wanted to create a “consolatory art for distressed hearts”. From his bedroom in the clinic he overlooked an enclosed wheat field. Over the course of a year the seasonal changes inspired Van Gogh to paint a cycle of this wheat field, thereby seeing it as an allegorical representation of the fate of human life, which comforted him.

van Gogh --- cycle --- wheat field

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Allohexaploid bread wheat and diploid barley are two of the most cultivated crops in the world. This book reports novel research and reviews concerning the use of modern technologies to understand the molecular bases for wheat and barley improvement. The contributions published in this book illustrate research advances in wheat and barley knowledge using modern molecular techniques. These molecular approaches cover genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and phenomic levels, together with new tools for gene identification and the development of novel molecular markers. Overall, the contributions for this book lead to a further understanding of regulatory systems in order to improve wheat and barley performance.

Triticum durum --- Aegilops tauschii --- Triticum aestivum --- marker-trait associations --- genes --- bread wheat --- genetic biofortification --- favorable alleles --- allohexaploid --- homoeolog --- hybrid necrosis --- molecular marker --- wheat --- wheat --- rye --- 6R --- small segment translocation --- powdery mildew --- transgenic wheat --- 12-oxophytodienoate reductase --- jasmonates --- freezing tolerance --- HIGS --- transgene --- wheat --- barley --- cereal cyst nematodes --- wheat --- barely --- breeding --- biotechnology --- resistance --- Triticum aestivum --- Landrace --- Powdery mildew --- Bulked segregant analysis-RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) --- Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) --- Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) --- Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici --- protein two-dimensional electrophoresis --- mass spectrometry --- Pm40 --- Barley --- Grain development --- Transcriptional dynamics --- RNA editing --- RNA-seq --- durum wheat --- Tunisian landraces --- center of diversity --- genetic diversity --- population structure --- DArTseq technology --- chromatin --- 3D-FISH --- nucleus --- introgression --- rye --- hybrid --- wheat --- genome stability --- wheat --- Thinopyrum --- chromosome --- ND-FISH --- oligo probe --- barley --- wheat --- protease --- germination --- grain --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant enzymes --- aquaporin --- TdPIP2 --- 1 --- histochemical analysis --- transgenic wheat --- transpiration --- wheat --- Aegilops tauschii --- Lr42 --- disease resistance --- molecular mapping --- KASP markers --- marker-assisted selection --- phytase --- wheat --- barley --- purple acid phosphatase phytase --- PAPhy --- mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) --- genome assembly --- bread wheat --- barley --- optical mapping --- BAC --- ribosomal DNA --- cereals --- CRISPR --- crops --- genetic engineering --- genome editing --- plant --- Triticeae --- n/a

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During its 2.5 million years of evolution, the human species has evolved through major dramatic changes, mainly dictated by natural elements and, most importantly, by food availability. The diet of hunters and gatherers, hominids, was mainly based on fruit, vegetables, tubers, and occasionally meat and fish. Then, approximately 10,000 years ago, a drastic change in life style occurred, shifting from nomadic to settlers with domestication of animals and crops. A consequence of this change was the advent of wheat and other grains containing gluten-related proteins in human diet. This revolutionary transformation occurred at the Fertile Crescent, the modern-day Iraq, and spread from South to North and East to West at a speed of approximately 1 km/year. Ever since, the distribution of food goods became more and more uneven with wealthy countries getting more than necessary, while poor countries struggle with malnutrition and consequently this increased mortality. Unfortunately, the industrial revolution, rather than closing the gap, created even more inequalities that still exist today, leading to very different but equally worrisome pathologies, namely obesity in industrialized countries and famine in developing countries. [...]

celiac disease --- gluten --- gluten threshold --- gluten sensitivity --- fiber --- oats --- compliance --- wheat allergy --- malnutrition --- dietary treatment --- nutrient intake --- gluten-free food --- gluten-free diet --- gluten contamination

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Contamination of foods and agricultural commodities by various types of toxigenic fungi is a concerning issue for human and animal health. Moulds naturally present in foods can produce mycotoxins and contaminate foodstuffs under favourable conditions of temperature, relative humidity, pH, and nutrient availability. Mycotoxins are, in general, stable molecules that are difficult to remove from foods once they have been produced. Therefore, the prevention of mycotoxin contamination is one of the main goals of the agriculture and food industries. Chemical control or decontamination techniques may be quite efficient; however, the more sustainable and restricted use of fungicides, the lack of efficiency in some foods, and the consumer demand for chemical-residue-free foods require new approaches to control this hazard. Therefore, food safety demands continued research efforts for exploring new strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination. This Special Issue contains original contributions and reviews that advance the knowledge about the most current promising approaches to minimize mycotoxin contamination, including biological control agents, phytochemical antifungal compounds, enzyme detoxification, and the use of novel technologies.

deoxynivalenol --- degradation --- photocatalysis --- ?-Fe2O3 --- degradation products --- Aspergillus flavus --- Penicillium verrucosum --- AITC --- fungal growth reduction --- mycotoxin reduction --- decontamination --- mycotoxins --- Aflatoxin M1 --- milk --- binding --- stability --- zearalenone --- biological detoxification --- Bacillus --- fermentation --- roasted coffee --- mycotoxigenic fungi --- ochratoxin A --- cold plasma --- detoxification --- brine shrimp bioassay --- mycotoxins --- Fusarium sp., Botrytis sp., apple pomace --- phloridzin --- quercetin glycosides --- pinnatifidanoside D --- deoxynivalenol --- wheat --- superheated steam --- wheat quality --- crisp biscuit --- biological control --- post-harvest phytopathogen --- Penicillium digitatum --- Penicillium italicum --- Geothrichum citri-aurantii --- zearalenone --- estrogen response element --- gene expression --- cell proliferation --- estrogen receptor --- biotransformation --- Fusarium --- mycotoxins --- garlic-derived extracts --- green chemistry --- fungi --- EU limits --- abiotic factors --- storage --- wheat --- maize --- oats --- fumonisin --- enzymatic detoxification --- fumonisin esterase FumD --- enzyme kinetics --- maize --- Zearalenone --- biodegradation --- probiotics --- cell-free extracts of Aspergillus oryzae --- pig production performance --- Bacillus --- Fusarium graminearum --- antagonism --- mode of action --- essential oils --- Satureja montana --- Origanum virens --- Aspergillus flavus --- aflatoxin --- corn --- nanoparticles --- Penicillium nordicum --- biocontrol agents --- dry-cured ham --- ochratoxin A (OTA) --- n/a

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Crop models and remote sensing techniques have been combined and applied in agriculture and crop estimation on local and regional scales, or worldwide, based on the simultaneous development of crop models and remote sensing. The literature shows that many new remote sensing sensors and valuable methods have been developed for the retrieval of canopy state variables and soil properties from remote sensing data for assimilating the retrieved variables into crop models. At the same time, remote sensing has been used in a staggering number of applications for agriculture. This book sets the context for remote sensing and modelling for agricultural systems as a mean to minimize the environmental impact, while increasing production and productivity. The eighteen papers published in this Special Issue, although not representative of all the work carried out in the field of Remote Sensing for agriculture and crop modeling,

crop residue management --- remote sensing --- satellite images --- hyperspectral sensor --- vegetation index --- yield monitoring --- remote sensing --- proximal sensing --- crop modeling --- soil --- plant --- management zone --- spatial variability --- temporal variability --- precision agriculture --- Á Trous algorithm --- conservation agriculture --- crop inventory --- remote sensing --- spectral-weight variations in fused images --- soil stoichiometry --- land use change --- soil organic carbon --- nitrogen --- Tarim Basin --- SPAD --- leaf nitrogen concentration --- nitrogen nutrition index --- grain yield --- dynamic model --- wheat --- disease --- yield --- septoria tritici blotch --- leaf area index --- crop modelling --- decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) --- Cropsim-CERES Wheat --- sorghum biomass --- prediction modeling --- machine learning --- fAPAR --- Sentinel-2 satellite imagery --- big data technology --- remote sensing --- UAV --- vegetation indices --- relative frequencies --- yield --- precision agriculture --- cultivars --- crop growth model --- data assimilation --- Leaf Area Index --- Sentinel-2 --- EPIC model --- yield estimation --- NDVI --- remote sensing --- GIS --- precision farming --- variable rate technology --- yield mapping --- protein content --- wheat --- canopy temperature depression --- NDVI --- RGB images --- grain yield --- ?13C --- UAV chemical application --- droplet drift --- flat-fan atomizer --- simulation analysis --- control variables --- agricultural land-cover --- multi-spectral --- generalized model --- machine learning --- crop type mapping --- Integrated Administration and Control System --- remote sensing --- hydroponic --- vegetable monitoring --- crop production --- spectral simulation --- hyperspectral data --- n/a --- fractional cover --- irrigation --- satellite --- crop simulation model --- AquaCrop --- yield mapping --- remote sensing --- durum wheat --- precision agriculture --- large cardamom --- remote sensing --- species modelling --- habitat assessment --- climate change