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Oral health in South Australia 2008 provides a comprehensive summary of the oral health of South Australian residents. This publication was developed from a range of surveys conducted by the Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health (ARCPOH) and administrative data provided by state dental services. Information provided in this publication includes data on caries experience and periodontal diseases of children and adults, tooth retention and loss among adults, access to dental care, cost of dental care and the dental labour force. Information on the oral health of Indigenous children and adults is also provided. The publication highlights the recent increase in the level of dental decay among primary and secondary school children, the low percentage of school aged children visiting the school dental service, the extent of individual out-of-pocket expenditure on dental services, and issues with access to dentists and dental hygienists outside of the Adelaide metropolitan area.
dental care --- utilization --- dental public health --- dental surveys --- south australia
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This collection honours the work of the eminent economist Josef Steindl. Steindl's work is illuminated through a critical appraisal of its central constructs with a focus on its relevance to current economic conditions. This collection charts the thinking of one of the leading economic theorists of the twentieth century.
josef --- steindl --- american --- capitalism --- capacity --- utilization --- profit --- margins --- excess --- aggregate
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Algae biomass has enormous potential to produce fuels and value-added products. Algae-derived biofuels and bioproducts offer great promise in contributing to U.S. energy security and in mitigating the environmental concerns associated with conventional fuels. Algae’s ability to grow in low quality water/wastewater and to accumulate lipids has encouraged scientists to investigate algae as a medium for wastewater treatment and a potential source of fuel and bioproducts. There are growing demands for biomass-based transportation fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biomethane, biohydrogen, and other high-value products (nutraceuticals, proteins, omega-3 etc.). Algae can help address these needs. The topic of algae energy includes the production and characterization of algae cultures, conversion into fuel feedstocks and high value products, and optimization of product isolation and use. In view of the increasing efforts in algae biomass production and conversion into energy and high-value products, the current research topic covers important aspects of algal strain selection, culture systems, inorganic carbon utilization, lipid metabolism and quality, biomass harvesting, extraction of lipids and proteins, and thermochemical conversion of algal feedstocks into biocrude.
Algae biomass --- Growth Systems --- Lipids --- Thermochemical conversion --- Biofuels --- Co-products --- wastewater treatment --- CO2 utilization
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With the compact warehousing of goods, the main aim is to achieve the highest possible space utilisation rate. Automated compact warehouses only become profitable once they exceed a particular size and throughput. The alternative is to opt for low-cost ground storage systems. This book will examine various technical implementation methods that can be used to realise the GridFlow principle.
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This Special Issue of Catalysts aims to cover the recent progress and novel trends in the field of catalytic oxidation reaction. Topics addressed in this special issue concern the influence of different parameters on catalytic activity at various scales (atomic, laboratory, pilot, or industrial scales), the development of new catalytic materials of environmental or industrial importance, as well as the development of new methods, both microscopic and spectroscopic, to analyze oxidation processes.
vanadium pentoxide --- titanium dioxide --- silicon dioxide --- utilization of VOC --- oxidative dehydrogenation --- oxidative desulfurization --- mixed oxide catalyst --- VOCs --- byproducts --- BTEX --- catalytic total oxidation --- CoAlCeO --- photoreactor --- modeling --- Taguchi --- scaling-up --- TiO2 --- acetaminophen --- sol-gel --- bandgap energy --- CPC --- emergent pollutants --- photodegradation --- catalytic alcohol oxidation --- gas phase --- liquid phase --- Pt nanoparticles --- sum-frequency generation spectroscopy --- surface molecular orientation --- density functional theory calculation --- silver–ceria --- metal–support interaction --- CO oxidation --- soot oxidation --- VOCs abatement --- n/a
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Climate change is one of the main threats to modern society. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in greenhouse gas (GHGs, mainly carbon dioxide—CO2) emissions due to anthropogenic activities. The main causes are the burning of fossil fuels and land use change (deforestation). Climate change impacts are associated with risks to basic needs (health, food security, and clean water), as well as risks to development (jobs, economic growth, and the cost of living). The processes involving CO2 capture and storage are gaining attention in the scientific community as an alternative for decreasing CO2 emissions, reducing its concentration in ambient air. The carbon capture and storage (CCS) methodologies comprise three steps: CO2 capture, CO2 transportation, and CO2 storage. Despite the high research activity within this topic, several technological, economic, and environmental issues as well as safety problems remain to be solved, such as the following needs: increase of CO2 capture efficiency, reduction of process costs, and verification of the environmental sustainability of CO2 storage.
CO2 separation --- TBAB --- IGCC --- anti-agglomerant --- micromorphology --- hydrate --- carbon capture and storage --- knowledge mapping --- technological evolution --- CiteSpace --- carbon storage --- the Loess Plateau --- InVEST --- carbon density --- normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- supercritical CO2 --- flow instability --- stability map --- CO2 pipeline --- carbon capture and storage (CCS) --- CO2 capture and utilization --- energy dependence --- power-to-methane --- synthetic natural gas --- renewable power --- fossil fuels --- electricity production --- carbon capture --- calcium looping --- life cycle assessment --- GHG mitigation --- CCS --- cement --- techno-economic analysis --- MEA-based absorption --- chilled ammonia --- membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction --- oxyfuel --- calcium looping --- CO2 capture --- cement production with CO2 capture --- CO2 capture in industry --- CO2 capture retrofitability --- oxyfuel --- chilled ammonia --- membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction --- calcium looping
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This book reports on long-term comparative organic farming systems' research trials carried out over the last 5 years in the Southern Cape of South Africa, as well as research into the successes and failures of the organic sector and the technical tools required for sustainable development in South Africa, Zambia, Uganda and Tanzania. It includes 24 chapters organized into 4 parts. Part 1 (Chapters 1-6) discusses the historical development of organic farming systems, examines the global issues which confront us, and develops some concepts showing a progression in small-scale farmer development and how this can be supported with appropriate training and policy. The difference between national food self-sufficiency and household food security is examined, and the organic sector is introduced. Part 2 (Chapters 7-14) deals with capacity building and climate change. Holistic systems, inclusive participatory approaches, institution building and experiential learning are examined. Organic food production, farmer training, value chains, impact of drought on food prices and food availability, and urban water and energy use efficiency are described. Part 3 (Chapters 15-22) presents evidence on how to support organic farmers. It starts with 2 case studies on the well-developed organic sector in Uganda and the developing one in Zambia. The following chapters discuss soil carbon determination, comparison of organic and conventional farming systems, pest and disease control (e.g., chemical, holistic and biological control), soil fumigation, soil microbiology in organic and conventional systems, soil fertility changes and crop yield. Part 4 (Chapters 23-24) makes strategic suggestions about how to upscale organic farming and organic food systems in Southern Africa. This book is a vital resource for all stakeholders in organic agriculture.
organic foods --- pathogens --- pest control --- pesticides --- pests --- plant disease control --- plant diseases --- plant pathogens --- plant pests --- self sufficiency --- soil --- soil fertility --- soil flora --- soil fumigation --- sustainability --- training --- value chain --- water supply --- water use --- water use efficiency --- agricultural systems --- biocontrol --- capacity building --- climatic change --- eco-agriculture --- ecological agriculture --- energy use --- energy utilization --- integrated plant protection --- organic culture --- phytopathogens --- subsaharan Africa --- Tanganyika --- water supplies --- South Africa --- Southern Africa --- Tanzania --- Uganda --- Zambia --- Homo --- Hominidae --- primates --- mammals --- vertebrates --- Chordata --- animals --- eukaryotes --- Anglophone Africa --- Africa --- Commonwealth of Nations --- Developing Countries --- Southern Africa --- Africa South of Sahara --- Threshold Countries --- ACP Countries --- East Africa --- Least Developed Countries --- SADC Countries
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In recent decades, the study of groundwater flow and solute transport has advanced into new territories that are beyond conventional theories, such as Darcy’s law and Fick’s law. The studied media have changed from permeable porous and fractured ones to much less permeable ones, such as clay and shale. The studied pore sizes have also changed from millimetres to micro-meters or even nano-meters. The objective of this Special Issue is to report recent advances in groundwater flow and solute transport that push the knowledge boundary into new territories which include, but are not limited to, flow and transport in sloping aquifer/hillslopes, coupled unsaturated and saturated flow, coupled aquifer-vertical/horizontal/slant well flow, interaction of aquifer with connected and disconnected rivers, non-Darcian flow, anomalous transport beyond the Fickian scheme, and flow and transport in extremely small pore spaces such as shale and tight sandstones. Contributions focusing on innovative experimental, numerical, and analytical methods for understanding unconventional problems, such as the above-listed ones, are encouraged, and contributions addressing flow and transport at interfaces of different media and crossing multiple temporal and spatial scales are of great value
soil formation --- percolation --- infiltration --- erosion --- Levy stable distribution --- permeameter test --- hydraulic conductivity --- silty clay --- solute transport --- nuclear waste disposal --- the Beishan area --- TOUGH2 --- groundwater flow --- assessment --- rough single fracture --- solute transport --- non-Darcian --- non-Fickian --- heterogeneity --- bimsoils --- water flow --- slenderness effect --- permeability coefficient --- non-Darcy flow --- hydrologic exchange --- SW–GW interaction --- field measurements --- Columbia River --- steady-state vertical flux --- evaporation calculation --- unsaturated flow --- semi-analytical solution --- solute longitudinal dispersion --- evolving-scale log-conductivity --- first-order analytical approach --- stochastic Lagrangian framework --- fractured aquifers --- seawater intrusion --- flow modeling --- salinity map --- groundwater ERT --- groundwater flow model --- numerical simulation --- uncertainty --- IUV --- IUM --- perturbation method --- Monte Carlo --- GFModel --- radioactive contaminant --- fractional derivative --- analytical solution --- Ulan Buh Desert --- DSR --- infiltration --- desert farmland --- irrigation --- sustainable development --- water resource utilization efficiency --- n/a
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The extraction of apatite minerals is becoming more and more crucial with the depletion of high-grade ores. At the same time, many streams of waste are continuously being produced by the phosphate industry, including calcareous and siliceous waste rocks, clayey sludge and phosphogypsum. These waste products are produced in huge volumes reaching a ratio of between 5 to 10 tons of waste per each ton of concentrated phosphate. The management of these waste products is becoming a real issue in terms of growing public awareness and environmental and financial aspects. In addition, phosphate ores are known to contain other critical raw materials (CRM) such as rare earth elements and uranium. The recovery of these vital elements from phosphate waste may help to develop the needs of the green energy of the future and contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following aspects were studied: phosphate extraction and beneficiation, novel phosphate ores, the fine characterization of phosphate ores and waste, phosphoric acid production, critical raw material (CRM) recovery from phosphate ores and waste, reprocessing of phosphate wastes and finally the valorization and reuse of phosphate waste and phosphogypsum.
Gafsa-Metlaoui Basin --- low-grade phosphate --- silicate-carbonate gangue --- froth flotation --- upgrading --- general industrial solid waste --- building materials --- natural radioactivity --- activity concentration --- radiological influence --- phosphogypsum --- purification --- water washing --- waste recycle --- cemented paste backfill --- civil engineering --- valorization --- phosphate mine waste rocks --- natural aggregates --- road techniques wet process --- phosphate ore --- beneficiation --- mineralogy --- depressant --- collector --- interfering ions --- rare earth elements (REEs) --- phosphate ore processing --- REE-bearing phases --- beneficiation tailings --- phosphogypsum (PG) --- ceramic membrane --- phosphate mine tailings --- industrial waste --- filtration --- experimental design --- drying-wetting cycles --- durability --- cemented phosphogypsum backfill --- unconfined compressive strength --- environment behavior --- red mud --- valuable elements --- comprehensive utilization --- waste management --- apatite --- flotation --- column flotation --- slimes --- phosphorite --- weathered ore --- geochemical characteristic --- rare earth elements --- technological mineralogy --- phosphate --- phosphogypsum --- acid extraction --- REE recovery --- n/a
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The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, also referred as 9/11, was an iconic event in US history that altered the global and political response to terrorism. The attacks, which involved two planes hitting the twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, resulted in the collapse of the buildings and over 2800 deaths of occupants of the buildings, fire, police and other responders and persons on the street in the vicinity of the collapsing buildings. The destroyed towers and the surrounding buildings have since been replaced but the health effects that resulted from the release of tons of dust, gases and debris as well as the life threat trauma are ongoing, and represent a major health burden among persons directly exposed. Hundreds of scientific publications have documented the physical and mental health effects attributed to the disaster. The current state-of-the-art in understanding the ongoing interactions of physical and mental health, especially PTSD, and the unique mechanisms by which pollutants from the building collapse, have resulted in long term pulmonary dysfunction, course of previously reported conditions, potential emerging conditions (e.g., heart disease and autoimmune diseases), as well as quality of life, functioning and unmet health care needs would be in the purview of this Special Issue on the 9/11 Disaster.
counseling --- post-disaster --- psychotherapy --- mental health treatment --- treatment utilization --- World Trade Center --- indoor allergens sensitization --- asthma quality of life --- asthma control --- asthma outcomes --- mini asthma quality of life questionnaire --- asthma morbidity --- WTC-related asthma --- immunoglobulin E --- allergen exposure --- WTC attack --- respiratory symptoms --- lower Manhattan residents --- cleaning practices --- WTC --- fibrotic sarcoid --- injury --- inflammation --- fibrosis --- World Trade Center disaster --- pulmonary fibrosis --- dust --- injury --- physical health --- mental health --- World Trade Center disaster --- Short Form-12 (SF-12) --- HQoL --- 9/11 --- 9/11 disaster --- handgrip strength --- WTC responders --- PTSD --- depression --- aging --- 9/11 impact --- retirement --- chronic disease --- PTSD --- disaster --- income loss --- PTSD symptom change --- PCL score --- longitudinal analysis --- PTSD cluster --- WTC survivors --- 9/11 disaster --- obstructive sleep apnea --- comorbid insomnia --- sleep-related quality of life --- chronic sinusitis --- sleepiness --- WTC responders --- thyroid cancer --- 9/11 disaster --- World Trade Center --- surveillance bias --- sarcoidosis --- World Trade Center (WTC) --- Scadding stage --- lung function --- severe lung disease --- extrathoracic sarcoidosis --- cardiac sarcoidosis --- unmet mental health care needs --- Asian Americans --- World Trade Center attack --- disaster --- mental health conditions --- mental health service use --- health insurance --- social support --- stressful life events --- cognitive reserve --- cognitive decline --- latent class analysis --- disaster epidemiology --- PTSD --- airway physiology --- dust --- environmental health --- forced oscillation --- respiratory function --- small airway disease --- paresthesia --- neuropathic symptoms --- Cox regression --- hazard function --- World Trade Center exposure --- metabolic syndrome --- airway hyperreactivity --- World Trade Center --- disaster mental health --- evidence-based treatment --- mental health service utilization --- quality improvement --- 9/11 --- screening --- thyroid cancer --- biomarkers --- medical imaging --- pulmonary function tests --- lung injury --- occupational exposure --- epidemiological studies --- peripheral neuropathy --- prevalence --- World Trade Center --- rescue/recovery workers --- occupational exposure --- sarcoidosis --- World Trade Center --- 9/11 --- genetics --- firefighters --- FDNY --- 9/11 disaster --- asthma --- trigger(s) --- air pollution --- irritant(s) --- health-related quality of life --- n/a
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