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Dass das Teilen in der Gesellschaft der Gegenwart einmal eine so große Rolle spielen würde, hätte bis vor kurzem wohl kaum jemand vorausgesagt. Eine globale Protestbewegung brachte ein tiefes Bedürfnis zum Ausdruck, alternative Wege einzuschlagen, die auf anderen Werten beruhten als jene, die allem Anschein nach zur Finanzkrise geführt hatten. Gleichzeitig sind hoch entwickelte Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, die das Teilen erleichtern, nicht nur beinahe überall verfügbar; sie s...
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Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Networks: Pushing the boundaries is the first book to provide an in-depth analysis of the business model of Airbnb, to discuss factors facilitating the transition of peer-to-peer networks from niche market to mainstream accommodation providers, and to predict that the next step of development for peer-to-peer accommodation networks will be to become online one-stop travel shops. Many other hot topics around peer-to-peer accommodation are discussed.
accommodation --- networks --- sharing economy --- airbnb
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Online social networks have made sharing personal experiences with others a common activity. Furthermore, modern mobile apps, cloud services, and wearable technologies expanded the scope of shared content on the internet from personal media to individual preferences and activities to information about real-world things. This book explores these practices within two emergent sharing contexts: personal activity tracking and “sharing economy” services. It should be of interest not only to interaction design researchers who are critically examining technology-mediated sharing practices through fieldwork studies and design practitioners who are building and evaluating sharing economy platforms, but also to readers who are curious to explore the diversity of sharing practices in our everyday lives.
technology-mediated sharing --- sharing economy --- digital sharing --- human-centered design --- interaction design --- human-computer interaction --- social content sharing --- collaborative consumption
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Prosocial behaviors such as sharing, helping, and comforting begin to emerge early in development. The presence of these prosocial behaviors is important not only in childhood, but throughout one’s lifetime, as behaving prosocially is important for social functioning and maintaining social relationships. For many years researchers have been interested in how and when these behaviors develop, as well as how these behaviors are influenced by a variety of factors. Recently however, exciting new research has shown novel and surprising findings, particularly on the early development and ontogenetic origins of prosocial behavior. Research is this area is important, as by understanding what influences prosocial behavior, we may be better able to sustain and support the development of prosociality. Further, a richer understanding may help us to be better able to mediate factors that impede or negatively influence positive social behaviors, as well as negate triggers that may lead to negative social behaviors. Many theoretical views guide different streams of developmental research in this field. Here, we will bring together scholars from various theoretical backgrounds, to collectively explore the development of early prosocial behaviors from early infancy to early school aged children. Contributors will offer insights using a variety of methodologies, from various resource allocation paradigms derived from economist game theorists, to looking time paradigms and more. Together we seek to broadly explore questions pertaining to prosocial development, for example- at what age do prosocial behaviors, moral understanding, or social selectivity emerge? Contributors will individually address unique research questions across a spectrum of topics. For example, how prosocial behaviors are influenced by underlying mechanisms, such as moral emotions (e.g. guilt and sympathy), will be explored, as will how children’s expectations may shape their behaviors, and how they come to care about others. Questions surrounding different contexts will also be investigated. For example, how does empathy influence prosociality? Do children treat partners differently depending on their past behaviors, wealth, or other characteristics? Does whether there is a cost associated with behaving prosocially influence decision-making? By incorporating the work of numerous researchers in the field of prosocial development, who contribute comprehensive reviews of past research, unique theoretical perspectives and empirical approaches, the proposed research topic endeavors to provide new insights into a breadth of prosocial behaviors. In sum, the proposed research topic will contribute to our understanding of prosocial development in the early years by highlighting the relevant factors and contexts under which prosocial behavior emerges.
prosocial behaviour --- development --- sharing --- Helping --- Infancy --- childhood
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Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. This book explores the history and current practice of food sharing. Illustrated by rich case studies from around the world, the book uses new empirical data to set an agenda for research and action. The book will be an important resource for researchers, policy makers and sharing innovators to explore the impacts and sustainability potential of such sharing for cities.
Cities --- Innovation --- Sharing --- Sustainability --- Urban food systems
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The second French-German workshop about Consumer Empowerment took place at the University of Karlsruhe (KIT) between January 10-11, 2013. Within the scope of consumer empowerment scientists discussed recent developments in this field and established cross-disciplinary coop- erations in their own fields of research.
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This book comprehensively covers topics in knowledge management and competence in strategy development, management techniques, collaboration mechanisms, knowledge sharing and learning, as well as knowledge capture and storage. Presented in accessible “chunks,” it includes more than 120 topics that are essential to high-performance organizations. The extensive use of quotes by respected experts juxtaposed with relevant research to counterpoint or lend weight to key concepts; “cheat sheets” that simplify access and reference to individual articles; as well as the grouping of many of these topics under recurrent themes make this book unique. In addition, it provides scalable tried-and-tested tools, method and approaches for improved organizational effectiveness. The research included is particularly useful to knowledge workers engaged in executive leadership; research, analysis and advice; and corporate management and administration. It is a valuable resource for those working in the public, private and third sectors, both in industrialized and developing countries.
strategy development --- collaboration --- knowledge sharing --- knowledge capture --- storage
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Technological change is a central feature of modern societies and a powerful source for social change. There is an urgent task to direct these new technologies towards sustainability, but society lacks perspectives, instruments and policies to accomplish this. There is no blueprint for a sustainable future, and it is necessary to experiment with alternative paths that seem promising. Various new transport technologies promise to bring sustainability benefits. But as this book shows, important lessons are often overlooked because the experiments are not designed to challenge the basic assumptions about established patterns of transport choices. Learning how to organise the process of innovation implementation is essential if the maximum impact is to be achieved - it is here that strategic niche management offers new perspectives. The book uses a series of eight recent experiments with electric vehicles, carsharing schemes, bicycle pools and fleet management to illustrate the means by which technological change must be closely linked to social change if successful implementation is to take place. The basic divide between proponents of technological fixes and those in favour of behavioural change needs to be bridged, perhaps indicating a third way.
niche --- development --- strategic --- management --- organized --- car --- sharing --- electric --- vehicles --- hybrid
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The book is based on practical requirements for the management of quantitative research data in small to medium-sized research projects in the social sciences, which generate and analyse data, save original data and archive and make them available for further use in the long term. In order to equip scientists with the tools to specifically meet these requirements, typical questions of data-based research projects are addressed on the basis of application cases and systematically processed with proven concepts of research data management. Overall, the book is a practical guide to documenting data-based research products (e.g. data files, measuring instruments, survey methods, analysis syntaxes) step by step, securing them professionally and making them available for subsequent use. In addition, the book highlights open questions and current challenges in dealing with research data. In the interest of scientifically and methodologically sound research data management, it also opens up perspectives for university education and research into the management of research data.
Data Sharing --- Research Data Management --- Social Science Research --- Social Sciences --- Research Data --- Data-Sharing --- Forschungsdatenmanagement --- Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung --- Sozialwissenschaften --- Forschungsdaten
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Developing countries interested in REDD+ under the UNFCCC have been requested to prepare a national forest monitoring system (NFMS) and a system to monitor, report and verify implementation (MRV). They have also been requested to engage local communities and indigenous groups as critical stakeholders in this process. The NFMS should be consistent with national inventories of emissions and removals of greenhouse gases. These inventories are, however, usually prepared using national level information with low geographical resolution and without the participation of local communities or other forest owners/managers. However, it has been shown that members of rural forest communities can develop the skills to monitor and measure levels of carbon stock in their forests and changes in these levels over time. If this information could be included and tracked from the local to regional and national levels, this might help to design transparent mechanisms for the assessment of REDD+ implementation, and possibly even for benefit sharing. The objective of this Special Issue is to discuss and explore the social, technical and political implications and potential of including community-based monitoring in MRV systems and benefit-sharing schemes in REDD+.
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