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This book is a collection of 13 innovative papers describing the state of the art and the future perspectives in solid-phase extraction covering several analytical fields prior to the use of gas or liquid chromatographic analysis. New sorptive materials are presented including carbon nanohorn suprastructures on paper support, melamine sponge functionalized with urea–formaldehyde co-oligomers, chiral metal–organic frameworks, UiO-66-based metal–organic frameworks, and fabric phase sorptive media for various applications. Solid-phase extraction can be applied in several formats aside from the conventional cartridges or mini-column approach, e.g., online solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase microextraction, and in-syringe micro-solid-phase extraction can be very helpful for analyte pre-concentration and sample clean-up. Polycyclic musks in aqueous samples, 8-Nitroguanine in DNA by chemical derivatization antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of salvia prattii, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aater samples by bamboo charcoal-based SPE, parabens in environmental water samples, benzotriazoles as environmental pollutants, organochlorine pesticide residues in various fruit juices and water samples and synthetic peptide purification are among the applications cited in this collection. All these outstanding contributions highlight the necessity of this analytical step, present the advantages and disadvantages of each method and focus on the green analytical chemistry guidelines that have to be fulfilled in current analytical practices.

graphene --- solid-phase extraction --- polycyclic musks --- water --- GC–MS/MS --- online solid-phase extraction --- LC-MS/MS --- peroxynitrite --- nitrated DNA lesion --- derivatization --- isotope-dilution --- Salvia prattii --- antibacterial diterpenes --- hydrophilic solid-phase extraction --- preparative high-performance liquid chromatography --- bamboo charcoal --- solid-phase extraction --- perfluoroalkyl acids --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- carbon nanohorns --- sorptive phase --- paper --- microextraction --- antidepressants --- in-syringe micro solid-phase extraction --- personal care products --- response surface methodology --- parabens --- wastewater --- benzotriazoles --- solid-phase extraction --- environmental samples --- solid-phase extraction --- melamine sponge --- urea-formaldehyde co-oligomers --- HPLC-DAD --- metal-organic frameworks --- enantiomeric excess --- chiral compounds --- solid-phase extraction --- metal-organic frameworks --- dispersive solid-phase extraction --- organic pollutants --- analyte partitioning --- FPSE --- in-house loaded SPE --- HPLC-PDA --- method validation --- IBD --- extraction --- fabric phase sorptive extraction --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- organochlorine pesticides --- sample preparation --- peptide --- solid phase extraction (SPE) --- preparative purification --- gradient elution --- solid phase peptide synthesis

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The Special Issue Machining—Recent Advances, Applications and Challenges is intended as a humble collection of some of the hottest topics in machining. The manufacturing industry is a varying and challenging environment where new advances emerge from one day to another. In recent years, new manufacturing procedures have retained increasing attention from the industrial and scientific community. However, machining still remains the key operation to achieve high productivity and precision for high-added value parts. Continuous research is performed, and new ideas are constantly considered. This Special Issue summarizes selected high-quality papers which were submitted, peer-reviewed, and recommended by experts. It covers some (but not only) of the following topics: High performance operations for difficult-to-cut alloys, wrought and cast materials, light alloys, ceramics, etc.; Cutting tools, grades, substrates and coatings. Wear damage; Advanced cooling in machining: Minimum quantity of lubricant, dry or cryogenics; Modelling, focused on the reduction of risks, the process outcome, and to maintain surface integrity; Vibration problems in machines: Active and passive/predictive methods, sources, diagnosis and avoidance; Influence of machining in new concepts of machine–tool, and machine static and dynamic behaviors; Machinability of new composites, brittle and emerging materials; Assisted machining processes by high-pressure, laser, US, and others; Introduction of new analytics and decision making into machining programming. We wish to thank the reviewers and staff from Materials for their comments, advice, suggestions and invaluable support during the development of this Special Issue.

dry-cutting --- concrete --- segmented diamond blade --- topography --- diameter variation --- weight loss --- in situ estimation --- SACE-drilled hole depth --- spark-assisted chemical engraving --- glass machining --- computer vision --- electrochemical discharge machining --- butt weld joint --- fatigue --- crack growth rate --- weld reinforcement --- cooling rate --- artificial neutral network --- cutting parameters --- magnesium alloys --- optimization --- prime machining costs --- surface roughness --- electropulsing --- machinability --- chip compression ratio --- current density --- specific cutting energy --- cutting edge microgeometry --- residual stress --- finite element model --- cutting edge preparation --- Inconel 718 --- stiffness properties --- parameter identification --- connections --- machine tool --- response surface methodology --- design of experiments --- modal testing --- plastic zone --- fracture mechanism --- steel sheet --- cutting process --- Huber–Mises stress --- finite element method --- microscopic analysis --- PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N/Ti0.55Al0.45N coating --- cutting temperature --- Inconel 718 --- cutting tool wear --- secondary adhesion wear --- turning --- machining --- aluminium --- flank super abrasive machining (SAM) --- flank milling --- Inconel® 718 --- roughness --- residual stress --- machine vision --- on-machine monitoring --- tool insert condition --- computer numerical control --- turning machine tools --- multi-beam laser --- heat transfer analysis --- fast simulation --- GPU --- analytic solution --- minimum quantity lubrication --- surface grinding --- multi-objective optimization --- grey relational analysis --- surface topography --- sustainable machining --- Gamma-TiAl --- superalloys --- slight materials --- drilling --- titanium aluminides --- additive manufacturing --- single point incremental sheet forming --- residual stresses --- X-ray diffraction --- ultra-precision machining --- slow tool servo --- surface topography --- simulation --- microlens array --- sinusoidal grid --- Milling stability --- variable pitch --- chatter --- self-excitation --- milling --- ceramics --- ductile machining --- PCD --- corner radius --- material removal rate --- adhesive --- machining --- modelling --- dry --- CFRP/UNS A92024 --- induction assisted milling --- tool wear --- taguchi method --- cutting tool --- machining temperatures at two deformation zones --- force–temperature correlation through analytical modeling --- high computational efficiency --- real-time prediction --- hybrid stacks drilling --- minimum quantity lubrication --- hole quality --- tool wear --- WEDM --- EN 31 steel --- surface roughness --- fractal dimension --- ANN --- GA --- cryogenic machining --- cutting tool --- cutting geometry --- titanium --- power consumption --- material-removal rate --- specific energy consumption --- grain density --- modeling --- shape memory alloy --- superelastic nitinol --- WEDM --- heat transfer search algorithm --- DSC test --- shape memory effect --- dish angle --- trochoidal step --- response surface methodology --- surface roughness --- desirability approach --- tool wear --- trochoidal milling --- titanium alloy --- chip morphology --- thin-wall machining --- chatter --- vibration --- deflection --- damping --- prediction --- workholding --- fixture --- dynamic --- stability --- titanium alloys --- machining --- turning --- machinability --- tool wear --- laser-assisted machining --- Taguchi method --- optimal machining conditions --- machining characteristic --- milling --- the cutting force components --- vibrations --- magnesium alloys --- artificial neural networks

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This book will provide the most recent knowledge and advances in Sample Preparation Techniques for Separation Science. Everyone working in a laboratory must be familiar with the basis of these technologies, and they often involve elaborate and time-consuming procedures that can take up to 80% of the total analysis time. Sample preparation is an essential step in most of the analytical methods for environmental and biomedical analysis, since the target analytes are often not detected in their in-situ forms, or the results are distorted by interfering species. In the past decade, modern sample preparation techniques have aimed to comply with green analytical chemistry principles, leading to simplification, miniaturization, easy manipulation of the analytical devices, low costs, strong reduction or absence of toxic organic solvents, as well as low sample volume requirements.Modern Sample Preparation Approaches for Separation Science also provides an invaluable reference tool for analytical chemists in the chemical, biological, pharmaceutical, environmental, and forensic sciences.

vitamins --- extraction --- determination --- review --- sample preparation --- matrix solid phase dispersion --- sorbent --- miniaturization --- on-line --- blueberry --- non-anthocyanin polyphenol --- vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction --- response surface methodology --- desirability function approach --- nail --- curie temperature --- high-frequency heating --- liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry --- caffeine --- amlodipine --- gas chromatography --- hydrogel --- hormones --- pectin --- polyvinyl alcohol --- sample preparation --- in-tube SPME --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- organic-based monoliths --- antipsychotics --- plasma samples --- schizophrenic’ patients --- salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- sugaring-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- hydrophobic-solvent assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- subzero-temperature assisted liquid–liquid extraction --- phenolic compounds --- sorbent-based techniques --- multi-spheres adsorptive micro-extraction (MSA?E) --- floating sampling technology --- caffeine and acetaminophen tracers --- environmental water matrices --- vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction --- China herbal tea --- pesticides residue --- aflatoxins --- UPLC-MS/MS --- vortex-synchronized matrix solid-phase dispersion --- crab shells --- ionic liquids --- anthraquinones --- Cassiae Semen --- sample preparation --- nanocomposite --- pathogenic --- enrichment --- nucleic acid isolation --- sample preparation with TLC/HPTLC --- solvent front position extraction --- solvent delivery with a moving pipette --- automation --- LC–MS/MS --- environmental analysis --- whole water --- trace analysis --- SPE --- large volume --- in-line filter --- sand --- flow rate --- pharmaceuticals --- hormones --- pesticides --- space instrumentation --- liquid chromatography --- oligopeptides --- trapping system --- membrane-based microextraction --- barbiturates --- simultaneous determination --- whole blood --- urine --- liver --- sample preparation --- oxylipins --- protein precipitation --- liquid–liquid extraction --- solid-phase extraction --- biological samples --- chlorophenoxy acid herbicides --- HPLC --- hydrophobic in-tube solid-phase microextraction --- poly (OMA-co-TRIM) monolithic column --- rice grains --- gold --- sample preparation --- preconcentration --- geological samples

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Construction materials are the most widely used materials for civil infrastructure in our daily lives. However, from an environmental point of view, they consume a huge amount of natural resources and generate the majority of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, many new and novel technologies for designing environmentally friendly construction materials have been developed recently. This Special Issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. It covers a wide range of selected topics on construction materials.

Ca-alginate microcapsules --- microfluidic --- self-healing --- bitumen --- mineral-asphalt mixtures --- aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes --- environmentally friendly construction materials --- diatomite --- styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen --- diatomite-modified asphalt mixture --- road engineering --- fatigue life --- three-point bending fatigue test --- asphalt mixture --- plateau value of permanent deformation ratio --- damage evolution --- fatigue equation --- ultraviolet radiation --- bitumen --- aging depth --- transmittance --- permeation --- expanded graphite --- polyethylene glycol --- phase change materials --- titanate coupling agent --- molecular bridge --- building envelopes --- thermal property --- building energy conservation --- reclaimed asphalt pavement --- recycling --- epoxidized soybean oil --- rejuvenator --- diffusing --- asphalt pavement --- fatigue property --- pavement failure --- long-term field service --- asphalt mixture --- microwave heating --- induction heating --- effective heating depth --- induced healing --- initial self-healing temperature --- asphalt mastic --- flow behavior index --- steel slag --- limestone --- aggregate morphology --- aggregate image measurement system --- micro-surfacing --- skid-resistance --- surface texture --- asphalt --- water solute exposure --- aqueous solute compositions --- chemical evolutions --- rheological properties --- polyacrylic acid --- fluidity --- rheology --- adsorption --- combination --- cement emulsified asphalt mixture --- fatigue performance --- thickness combinations --- X-ray computed tomography --- artificial neural network --- crumb rubber --- high-strength concrete --- damping --- dynamic moduli --- railway application --- recycled material --- recycling --- sanitary ceramics --- concrete --- recycling aggregate --- asphalt mixture --- basalt fiber --- response surface methodology --- design optimization --- fluorescence spectrum --- bitumen --- ageing --- parametrization --- “blue-shift” --- asphalt --- asphalt mortar --- healing agents --- crack healing --- healing model --- ultra-thin wearing course --- self-healing --- induction heating --- steel fiber --- steel slag --- rankinite --- carbonation --- waste concrete --- CO2 --- aged bitumen --- rejuvenator --- solubilizer --- colloidal structure --- micro-morphology --- granite aggregate --- desulphurization gypsum residues --- rubber modified asphalt --- asphalt mixture --- pavement performance --- limestone aggregates --- emulsified asphalt --- demulsification speed --- surface energy --- specific surface area --- artificially aged asphalt mixture --- rejuvenator --- durability --- dynamic characteristics --- overlay tester --- energy-based approach --- dissipated strain energy --- plateau value of dissipated strain energy ratio --- fatigue life --- three-point bending fatigue test --- amorphous silica --- crystallization sensitivity --- water-leaching pretreatment --- rice husk ash --- cement --- crumb rubber --- anti-rutting agent --- flexibility --- field evaluation --- asphalt mixes --- aggregate characteristics --- simplex lattice design --- viscoelastic properties --- asphalt combustion --- flame retardant --- aluminum hydroxide --- layered double hydroxide --- asphalt mixture --- viscoelastic properties --- creep --- relaxation --- aggregates --- morphology --- crumb rubber powder --- SBS/CRP-modified bitumen --- aging processes --- temperature sensitivity characteristics --- diatomite --- basalt fiber --- asphalt mixture --- low-temperature --- damage constitutive model --- graphene --- nitrogen and phosphorus removal --- MDA --- SOD --- sequencing batch Chlorella reactor --- SEM --- thermal–mechanical properties --- bio-oil --- regeneration --- aged asphalt --- molecular dynamic simulation --- viscoelasticity --- nanomaterial --- hydrophobic nanosilica --- hydrophilic nanosilica --- laboratory evaluation --- diatomite --- basalt fiber --- compound modify --- asphalt mixture --- asphalt mixture --- basalt fiber --- freeze-thaw cycle --- damage characteristics --- high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) --- dynamic tests --- viscoelasticity --- dynamic responses --- resistance to deformations --- tensile strains --- tensile stresses --- sensitivity analysis --- hot mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregate --- contact angle --- adhesion energy --- water stability --- fatigue performance --- self-compacting concrete (SCC) --- rheology --- workability --- pozzolanic reaction --- microstructure --- Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) --- long-term drying shrinkage --- hydration characteristic --- porous pumice --- optimization --- engineered cementitious composites (ECC) --- polyvinyl alcohol --- fiber modification --- mechanical behavior --- self-healing --- asphalt --- rejuvenation --- calcium alginate capsules --- asphalt-aggregate adhesion --- plant ash lixivium --- stripping test --- contact angle --- interfacial transition zone --- SBS-modified bitumen --- rejuvenating systems --- physical properties --- viscous-elastic temperature --- rutting factor --- vibration noise consumption --- cold recycled asphalt mixture --- reclaimed asphalt pavement --- mastic --- rheological properties --- emulsified asphalt --- cement --- construction materials --- fatigue life --- ageing resistance --- modified asphalt materials --- rejuvenator --- self-healing asphalt --- recycling --- cold recycled asphalt mixture --- ultra-high performance concrete

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Construction materials are the most widely used materials for civil infrastructure in our daily lives. However, from an environmental point of view, they consume a huge amount of natural resources and generate the majority of greenhouse gasses. Therefore, many new and novel technologies for designing environmentally friendly construction materials have been developed recently. This Special Issue, “Environment-Friendly Construction Materials”, has been proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of construction materials. It covers a wide range of selected topics on construction materials.

Ca-alginate microcapsules --- microfluidic --- self-healing --- bitumen --- mineral-asphalt mixtures --- aggregate from sanitary ceramic wastes --- environmentally friendly construction materials --- diatomite --- styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) modified bitumen --- diatomite-modified asphalt mixture --- road engineering --- fatigue life --- three-point bending fatigue test --- asphalt mixture --- plateau value of permanent deformation ratio --- damage evolution --- fatigue equation --- ultraviolet radiation --- bitumen --- aging depth --- transmittance --- permeation --- expanded graphite --- polyethylene glycol --- phase change materials --- titanate coupling agent --- molecular bridge --- building envelopes --- thermal property --- building energy conservation --- reclaimed asphalt pavement --- recycling --- epoxidized soybean oil --- rejuvenator --- diffusing --- asphalt pavement --- fatigue property --- pavement failure --- long-term field service --- asphalt mixture --- microwave heating --- induction heating --- effective heating depth --- induced healing --- initial self-healing temperature --- asphalt mastic --- flow behavior index --- steel slag --- limestone --- aggregate morphology --- aggregate image measurement system --- micro-surfacing --- skid-resistance --- surface texture --- asphalt --- water solute exposure --- aqueous solute compositions --- chemical evolutions --- rheological properties --- polyacrylic acid --- fluidity --- rheology --- adsorption --- combination --- cement emulsified asphalt mixture --- fatigue performance --- thickness combinations --- X-ray computed tomography --- artificial neural network --- crumb rubber --- high-strength concrete --- damping --- dynamic moduli --- railway application --- recycled material --- recycling --- sanitary ceramics --- concrete --- recycling aggregate --- asphalt mixture --- basalt fiber --- response surface methodology --- design optimization --- fluorescence spectrum --- bitumen --- ageing --- parametrization --- “blue-shift” --- asphalt --- asphalt mortar --- healing agents --- crack healing --- healing model --- ultra-thin wearing course --- self-healing --- induction heating --- steel fiber --- steel slag --- rankinite --- carbonation --- waste concrete --- CO2 --- aged bitumen --- rejuvenator --- solubilizer --- colloidal structure --- micro-morphology --- granite aggregate --- desulphurization gypsum residues --- rubber modified asphalt --- asphalt mixture --- pavement performance --- limestone aggregates --- emulsified asphalt --- demulsification speed --- surface energy --- specific surface area --- artificially aged asphalt mixture --- rejuvenator --- durability --- dynamic characteristics --- overlay tester --- energy-based approach --- dissipated strain energy --- plateau value of dissipated strain energy ratio --- fatigue life --- three-point bending fatigue test --- amorphous silica --- crystallization sensitivity --- water-leaching pretreatment --- rice husk ash --- cement --- crumb rubber --- anti-rutting agent --- flexibility --- field evaluation --- asphalt mixes --- aggregate characteristics --- simplex lattice design --- viscoelastic properties --- asphalt combustion --- flame retardant --- aluminum hydroxide --- layered double hydroxide --- asphalt mixture --- viscoelastic properties --- creep --- relaxation --- aggregates --- morphology --- crumb rubber powder --- SBS/CRP-modified bitumen --- aging processes --- temperature sensitivity characteristics --- diatomite --- basalt fiber --- asphalt mixture --- low-temperature --- damage constitutive model --- graphene --- nitrogen and phosphorus removal --- MDA --- SOD --- sequencing batch Chlorella reactor --- SEM --- thermal–mechanical properties --- bio-oil --- regeneration --- aged asphalt --- molecular dynamic simulation --- viscoelasticity --- nanomaterial --- hydrophobic nanosilica --- hydrophilic nanosilica --- laboratory evaluation --- diatomite --- basalt fiber --- compound modify --- asphalt mixture --- asphalt mixture --- basalt fiber --- freeze-thaw cycle --- damage characteristics --- high-modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM) --- dynamic tests --- viscoelasticity --- dynamic responses --- resistance to deformations --- tensile strains --- tensile stresses --- sensitivity analysis --- hot mix asphalt containing recycled concrete aggregate --- contact angle --- adhesion energy --- water stability --- fatigue performance --- self-compacting concrete (SCC) --- rheology --- workability --- pozzolanic reaction --- microstructure --- Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) --- long-term drying shrinkage --- hydration characteristic --- porous pumice --- optimization --- engineered cementitious composites (ECC) --- polyvinyl alcohol --- fiber modification --- mechanical behavior --- self-healing --- asphalt --- rejuvenation --- calcium alginate capsules --- asphalt-aggregate adhesion --- plant ash lixivium --- stripping test --- contact angle --- interfacial transition zone --- SBS-modified bitumen --- rejuvenating systems --- physical properties --- viscous-elastic temperature --- rutting factor --- vibration noise consumption --- cold recycled asphalt mixture --- reclaimed asphalt pavement --- mastic --- rheological properties --- emulsified asphalt --- cement --- construction materials --- fatigue life --- ageing resistance --- modified asphalt materials --- rejuvenator --- self-healing asphalt --- recycling --- cold recycled asphalt mixture --- ultra-high performance concrete