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Oceans include the greatest extremes of pressure, temperature and light, and habitats can range from tropical waters to ocean trenches, several kilometers below sea level at high pressure. With its 70% of the surface of our planet marine ecosystem still remains largely unexplored, understudied and underexploited in comparison with terrestrial ecosystems, organisms and bioprocesses. The biological adaptation of marine organisms to a wide range of environmental conditions in the specific environment (temperature, salinity, tides, pressure, radiation, light, etc.) has made them an enormous reservoir of interesting biological material for both basic research and biotechnological improvements. As a consequence marine ecosystem is valued as a source of enzymes and other biomolecules exhibiting new functions and activities to fulfill human needs. Indeed, in recent years it has been recognised as an untapped source of novel enzymes and metabolites even though, with regard to the assignment of precise biological functions to genes, proteins and enzymes, it is still considered as the least developed. Using metagenomics to recover genetic material directly from environmental samples, this biogenetic diversification can be accessed but despite the contributions from metagenomic technologies the new field requires major improvements. A few words on the complexity of marine environments should be added here. This complexity ranges from symbiotic relationships to biology and chemistry of defence mechanisms and from chemoecology of marine invasions up to the strategies found in prokaryotes to adapt to extreme environments. The interdisciplinary study of this complexity will enable researchers to find an arsenal of enzymes and pathways greatly demanded in biotechnological applications. As far as marine enzymes are concerned they may carry novel chemical and stereochemical properties, thus biocatalytically oriented studies (testing of suitable substrates, appropriate checking of reaction conditions, study of stereochemical asset of catalysis) should be performed to appropriately reveal this “chemical biodiversity” which increases interest for these enzymes. Among other biomolecules, polysaccharides are the most abundant renewable biomaterial found on land and in oceans. Their molecular diversity is very interesting; except polysaccharides used traditionally in food and non-food industries, the structure and the functionality of most of them are unknown and unexplored. Brown seaweeds synthesize unique bioactive polysaccharides: laminarans, alginic acids and fucoidans. A wide range of biological activities (anticoagulant, antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammation, etc.) have been attributed to fucoidans and their role with respect to structure-activity relationship is still under debate. In this Research Topic, we wish to centralize and review contributions, idea and comments related to the issues above. In particular results of enzymatic bioprospecting in gross marine environment will be acknowledged along with research for structural characterization and biological function of biomolecules such as marine polysaccharides and all kind of research related to the complexity of bioprocesses in marine environments. Inter- and multi-disciplinary approach to this field is favoured in this Research Topic and could greatly be facilitated by the web and open access nature as well.

Marine enzymes --- marine polysaccharides --- marine bioprocesses --- algae and microalgae --- Biofuels --- Marine Natural Products --- Olfaction --- Biodiversity --- triterpene glycosides --- sulfatase

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Biocatalysis, that is, the use of biological catalysts (enzymes, cells, etc.) for the preparation of highly valuable compounds is undergoing a great development, being considered an extremely sustainable approach to undertaking environmental demands. In this scenario, this book illustrates the versatility of applied biocatalysis for the preparation of drugs and other bioactive compounds through the presentation of different research articles and reviews, in which several authors describe the most recent developments in this appealing scientific area. By reading the excellent contributions gathered in this book, it is possible to have an updated idea about new advances and possibilities for a new exciting future.

rutin oligomers --- laccase activity --- aqueous solubility --- antioxidant activity --- xanthine oxidase inhibition --- MALDI-TOF --- HPSEC --- glycosyltransferase --- glycodiverfication --- sulfuretin --- OcUGT1 --- amine transaminases --- asymmetric synthesis --- benzoxathiepins --- biocatalysis --- biotransamination --- stereoselective synthesis --- esterase --- stereoselective --- ester hydrolysis --- antimuscarinic agents --- pig liver esterase (PLE) --- microalgae --- Spirulina --- Alcalase® --- amino acid --- extraction --- nutraceutical --- cholesterol --- coprostanol --- reduction reaction --- bacteria --- metabolic pathways --- biocatalysis --- biotransformations --- statins --- pleiotropic effects --- photooxidation --- cascade --- alcohol --- reductive amination --- ?-transaminase --- lyases --- chondroitin sulfates --- glycosaminoglycan --- polysaccharides --- Ribavirin --- Tecadenoson --- Cladribine --- purine nucleoside phosphorylase --- transglycosylation reaction --- 7-methylguanosine iodide --- 7-methyl-2?-deoxyguanosine iodide --- 7-methylguanine arabinoside iodide --- biocatalysis --- glycosidases --- chitinases --- chitosanases --- chitosan oligosaccharides --- deacetylation degree --- anti-inflammatory --- n/a

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Natural products and the preparations based on them play a stable and ever-increasing role in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture, in food and the cosmetic industry, and in an increasing number of other fields. Their importance is based on the fact that they are mostly bound to renewable sources, which in fact makes them valuable within a circular economy, inter alia. At the same time, natural products provide the origin of stereochemistry, optical activity, regioselectivity, chirality, and many other concepts and directions within science, development, and industry in a scope, which is indispensable. They serve as a constant powerful stimulus and model that inspires researchers to create new effective tools, similar to natural ones, for controlling bioregulation mechanisms and solving practical problems. This was the reason for organizing this Special Issue aimed at underlining the current developments in all the fields connected to natural products.

insect sex pheromone --- tea tussock moth --- total synthesis --- resource chemistry --- phycocyanin --- biosynthesis --- antioxidant --- Spirulina --- gene expression --- apo-CpcB --- Plantago depressa --- octadecanoid --- fatty acid --- natural enantiomer --- anti-inflammation --- soy protein isolate --- bromelain --- triglycidylamine --- viscosity --- water resistance --- adhesive --- Ramulus mori --- polysaccharides --- bioactivity --- synthesis of natural products --- varioxiranol A --- 4-epi-varioxiranol A --- absolute structure --- Emericella variecolor --- caffeoylquinic acids --- chlorogenic acid --- derivatives --- lipid-lowering effects --- oleic acid-elicited --- HepG2 cells --- isosorbide --- reversible urethane linkages --- cell opening --- antioxidant activity --- radical scavenger --- flexible polyurethane foam --- tomato --- SlCOMT1 --- melatonin --- genetical transformation --- salt stress --- natural product --- RiPP --- ribosomally synthesized --- post-translationally modified peptides --- rheumatoid arthritis --- natural products --- polyphenol --- flavonoids --- phenolic acid --- stilbene --- ginkgolide --- platelet-activating factor receptor --- inhibitor --- pinocembrin --- microbial biosynthesis --- pharmacological activities --- pharmacokinetic features --- research progress --- triterpenoids --- bardoxolone methyl --- anticancer drug --- mitochondria --- apoptosis --- cancer cells --- cytotoxicity --- flow cytometry --- live-cell fluorescence microscopy --- PEGylated purpurin 18 --- photodynamic therapy --- photosensitizer --- phototoxicity --- singlet oxygen --- n/a

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This Special Issue Book ""Anti-Photoagaing and Photo-Protective Compounds from Marine Organisms"" is aimed at collecting literature on the below-mentioned keyword topics, which can significantly increase our basic understanding of marine-derived compounds in cosmeceutical product development and increases the value of marine products at the industrial level.

Ecklonia stolonifera --- phlorotannin --- Fucofuroeckol-A --- anti-allergy --- degranulation --- mast cells --- Hizikia fusiforme --- sulfated polysaccharides --- ultraviolet-B --- MMPs --- NF-?B --- AP-1 --- MAPKs --- skin-aging --- UVB --- low molecular-weight --- fucoidan --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammation --- MMP --- miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) --- scale --- acid-soluble collagen (ASC) --- pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) --- antioxidant activity --- radical scavenging activity --- natural --- bioactive --- marine algae --- photoprotective --- substances --- marine algae --- carbohydrates --- oligosaccharides --- monosaccharides --- skin health --- cosmeceuticals --- marine collagen peptide --- collagen hydrolysates --- antioxidant --- cosmetics --- inflammation --- Biological Effective Protection Factors (BEPFs) --- mycosporine-like amino acids --- photoprotection --- pH-thermo stability --- UV- mediated action spectra --- mycosporine-like amino acids --- mycosporine-2-glycine --- UV-absorbing compound --- sunscreen --- anti-aging --- anti-oxidation --- anti-inflammation --- anti-protein-glycation activity --- keratinocytes --- 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde --- heme oxygenase-1 --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 --- cytoprotection --- ageing --- 9-cis-?-carotene --- mitochondrial function --- mobility --- lifespan --- Drosophila melanogaster --- microalgae --- Dunaliella salina

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Due to increasing global food needs as a result of population growth, the use of new food sources has gained interest in the last decade. However, the inclusion of new foods in our diet, as well as the increased interest of the population in consuming foods with better nutritional properties, has increased the need for adequate food analytical methods. This monographic issue presents innovative methods of chemical analysis of foods, as well as the nutritional and chemical characterization of foods whose consumption is expected to increase worldwide in the coming years.

refined commercial salmon oil --- n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) concentration --- EPA --- DHA --- EPA+DHA --- total FA yield --- process variable maximization --- response surface methodology (RSM) --- multiple response optimization --- desirability function --- avocado oil --- oil extraction --- antioxidants compounds --- fatty acid profile --- water holding capacity --- seaweeds --- Gracilaria --- carbohydrates --- fatty acids --- vitamins --- deep eutectic solvents --- Artemisia argyi leaves --- phenolic acids --- extraction --- response surface methodology --- amaranth protein --- flavourzyme --- alcalase --- bioactive peptides --- hydrolysates --- N-carbamylglutamate --- feeds --- animal products --- milk --- HPLC-MS/MS --- acrylamide --- crisps --- temperature --- frying time --- blanching --- thickness --- scorpion (Buthus martensii Karsch) protein --- ultrasonic extraction --- response surface methodology --- scanning electron microscopy --- functional properties --- Amazonian fruits --- antioxidant --- phenolic compounds --- UPLC-MSE --- bioactive compounds --- prebiotic --- polysaccharides --- seaweed --- Rhodophyceae --- Phaeophyceae --- Chlorophyceae --- n/a