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Foodborne illness resulting from food production animals is a global health concern, and the Centers for Disease Control estimate that one in six Americans will become sick with a foodborne illness each year. Of course there are numerous causes for these outbreaks, but contamination from a food production animal is certainly one source. Understanding the host-pathogen interaction and how foodborne bacterial pathogens establish a persistent infection and evade host immune responses will be pivotal in reducing the instance of foodborne illness traced back to a food production animal source.In this volume, we bring together original research and review articles covering some of the key issues surrounding the mechanisms of persistence, survival, and transmission of bacterial foodborne pathogens in production animals. The research focused on poultry and specifically addressed antibiotic resistance, Salmonella colonization, pathogen reduction strategies using pre- or probiotics, pathogen evasion, and post-harvest intervention and pathogen testing. The following 11 articles are fine examples of the multidisciplinary approaches that will be required to address and understand the complex interplay between food safety and animal production.
Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens --- Persistence --- Poultry --- Production Animals --- Salmonella --- Survival --- Transmission
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This volume presents a number of studies that project their interest on the ancient world and its permanence through the centuries. The authors gathered here construct a framework of approaches that reveal, from diverse points of view, the symbolic and expressive power of Greco-Latin Literature. In this sense, an inquiry questioning is proposed on the rewriting of classical texts and the intertextuality between myths and motives of the ancient literature in general and later dramaturgy. Each of the studies presented in this volume seeks to shed light on the reasons for the survival of these topics in criticism, literature and theatrical scene.
Greek-Latin theatre --- performance --- persistence --- re-writes --- re-readings
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The transmission route used by many bacterial pathogens of clinical importance includes a step outside the host; thereafter refer to as the non-clinical environment (NCE). Obvious examples include foodborne and waterborne pathogens and also pathogens that are transmitted by hands or aerosols. In the NCE, pathogens have to cope with the presence of toxic compounds, sub-optimal temperature, starvation, presence of competitors and predators. Adaptation of bacterial pathogens to such stresses affects their interaction with the host. This Research Topic presents important concept to understand the life of bacterial pathogens in the NCE and provides the reader with an overview of the strategies used by bacterial pathogens to survive and replicate outside the host.
Biofilm --- Persistence --- Viable but non culturable --- protozoa --- packaging --- Listeria --- Legionella --- Escherichia coli --- Clostridium botulinum --- Pseudomonas
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This collection of essays explores the metaphysical thesis that the living world is not ontologically made up of substantial particles or things, as has often been assumed, but is rather constituted by processes. The biological domain is organized as an interdependent hierarchy of processes, which are stabilized and actively maintained at different timescales. Even entities that intuitively appear to be paradigms of things, such as organisms, are actually better understood as processes. Unlike previous attempts to articulate processual views of biology, which have tended to use Alfred North Whitehead’s panpsychist metaphysics as a foundation, this book takes a naturalistic approach to metaphysics. It submits that the main motivations for replacing an ontology of substances with one of processes are to be looked for in the empirical findings of science. Biology provides compelling reasons for thinking that the living realm is fundamentally dynamic and that the existence of things is always conditional on the existence of processes. The phenomenon of life cries out for theories that prioritize processes over things, and it suggests that the central explanandum of biology is not change but rather stability—or, more precisely, stability attained through constant change. This multicontributor volume brings together philosophers of science and metaphysicians interested in exploring the consequences of a processual philosophy of biology. The contributors draw on an extremely wide range of biological case studies and employ a process perspective to cast new light on a number of traditional philosophical problems such as identity, persistence, and individuality.
explanation --- identity --- individuality --- metaphysics of science --- organism --- persistence --- philosophy of biology --- process ontology --- substance ontology --- symbiosis
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From Pavlov's dog expecting food when hearing a bell to stereotypes as expectations about other people’s behaviour, from Bandura’s self-efficacy as expectation for success and failure of one’s own behaviour to the "predictive brain" concept in current perception theories: expectations have been a central construct in different areas of psychological research. In each of these areas, specific concepts, theoretical approaches, and empirical methods have been developed to explain when and why expectations persist and when they do not. Many theories assume that expectations are likely to change in the face of disconfirming evidence. However, sometimes expectations persist even though they are empirically violated, suggesting that they can be “sticky” under certain circumstances. But what are these circumstances? And what are the psychological mechanisms that can explain why and when expectations persist or change after being confronted with expectation-violating evidence?Each contribution of the current book offers insights into individuals’ reactions to violations of expectations. They show that many pieces of the puzzle have been collected in the many sub-displiclines of psychology and that putting them together in an integrative fashion stays a fascinating enterprise.
Expectancy --- prediction --- expectation --- beliefs --- stereotypes --- expectation violation --- prediction error --- accommodation --- persistence of expectations
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The Special Issue to provide a forum for contemporary studies of the genetics, genomics and phenomics of productivity traits in forage and bioenergy grasses, along with the application of such data to breeding practices and cultivar development.
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In China, inequality in social welfare is of rising political concern. This case study analyzes the determinants of well-being of rural households in Hebei using a secondary panel data set (1986 to 2006). One key question is how well-being was affected by institutional changes in times of societal transition. Based on population grouping, the author analyzes poverty and income development. The study reveals impacts of new possibilities to provide labor outside the own farm on the allocation of households’ labor time and the stability of full- and part-time farming over time. The assessments ground on agricultural household models, microeconomic concepts of labor allocation, and welfare theories. Different methodologies, e.g. inequality decomposition or hazard analysis, are applied.
Agrarsektor --- Agricultural --- Agricultural Household Decisions --- Allocation --- Böber --- China --- Decomposition --- Farm Structure Persistence Analysis --- Hebei --- Households --- Income --- Labor --- Panel Data --- Poverty --- Province --- Transition --- Wirtschaftspolitik
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Mathematical and computational modeling approaches in biological and medical research are experiencing rapid growth globally. This Special Issue Book intends to scratch the surface of this exciting phenomenon. The subject areas covered involve general mathematical methods and their applications in biology and medicine, with an emphasis on work related to mathematical and computational modeling of the complex dynamics observed in biological and medical research. Fourteen rigorously reviewed papers were included in this Special Issue. These papers cover several timely topics relating to classical population biology, fundamental biology, and modern medicine. While the authors of these papers dealt with very different modeling questions, they were all motivated by specific applications in biology and medicine and employed innovative mathematical and computational methods to study the complex dynamics of their models. We hope that these papers detail case studies that will inspire many additional mathematical modeling efforts in biology and medicine
hemodynamic model --- microcirculation load --- liquid-solid-porous media seepage coupling --- 2-combination --- graphical representation --- cell-based vector --- numerical characterization --- phylogenetic analysis --- intraguild predation --- random perturbations --- persistence --- stationary distribution --- global asymptotic stability --- quorum sensing --- chemostat --- mathematical model --- differential equations --- delay --- bifurcations --- dynamical system --- numerical simulation --- predator-prey model --- switched harvest --- limit cycle --- rich dynamics --- algae growth models --- uncertainty quantification --- asymptotic theory --- bootstrapping --- model comparison tests --- Raphidocelis subcapitata --- Daphnia magna --- spotting --- wildfire --- transport equations --- spotting distribution --- obesity --- mechano-electrochemical model --- articular cartilage --- cartilage degeneration --- cartilage loading --- optimal control --- hepatitis B --- delay differential equations (DDE) --- immune response --- drug therapy --- dynamic model --- flocculation --- global stability --- uniform persistence --- epidermis --- mathematical model --- bacterial inflammation --- bacterial competition --- chronic myeloid leukemia --- tyrosine kinase inhibitors --- immunomodulatory therapies --- combination therapy --- equilibrium points --- mathematical modeling --- prostate cancer --- androgen deprivation therapy --- data fitting --- generalized pseudo amino acid composition --- numerical characterization --- phylogenetic analysis --- identification of DNA-binding proteins --- n/a
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This Special Issue on Antimicrobial Resistance in Environmental Waters features 11 articles on the monitoring and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in natural aquatic systems (i.e., reservoirs, rivers), and effluent discharge from water treatment plants to assess the effectiveness of AMR removal and resulting loads in treated waters. Some of the key elements of AMR studies presented in this Special Issue highlight the underlying drivers of AMR contamination in the environment and the evaluation of the hazard imposed on aquatic organisms in receiving environments through ecological risk assessments. As described in this Issue, screening antimicrobial peptide (AMP) libraries for biofilm disruption and antimicrobial candidates are promising avenues for the development of new treatment options to eradicate resistance.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Psl --- exopolysaccharide --- antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- biofilm --- EPS --- antibiotic resistance genes --- wastewater treatment --- tertiary media filtration --- antibiotics --- river-reservoir system --- water --- sediment --- risk assessment --- antibiotics --- Qingcaosha reservoir --- risk assessment --- bacterial community --- co-occurrence pattern --- antibiotics --- estuary reservoir --- surface water --- antibiotic resistance gene --- sand settling reservoirs --- drinking water treatment plants --- the Yellow River --- Acinetobacter junii --- wastewater treatment plant --- antibiotic resistance --- metal resistance genes --- persistence --- antibiotic resistance --- ESBL --- Escherichia coli --- irrigation water --- gastrointestinal infections --- antibiotic resistance --- chlorination --- Escherichia coli --- fecal indicator bacteria --- reuse water --- UV-disinfection --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- antibiotic-resistant strains --- aquatic environment --- ERIC-PCR --- metagenomics --- antibiotic resistance --- wastewater --- environmental ecology --- Antimicrobial Resistance --- Environmental Waters --- water treatment plants --- water reuse --- ecological risk assessment
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Sports economics is a relatively new field of research that is experiencing rapid growth in the economics literature. The importance of the sports industry to economies coupled with the availability of financial and productivity data have made the study of sports economics a useful avenue for exploring research questions that have eluded mainstream economics fields. The main goal of this Special Issue of the International Journal of Financial Studies is to encourage theoretical and applied research in sports economics, which is of interest to both academics and practitioners. For this purpose, this Special Issue on “Sports Finance” invites papers on topics, such as, but not limited to, salary determination, ticket pricing, revenue sharing, salary caps, competitive balance, new stadium financing, rival league behavior, determinants of revenue, television and media, tournament prize structures, financial distress in professional sports, financial fair play, financial control of sports clubs, Third Party Ownership, financial efficiency in professional sports, budget constrains and sport performance, financial information of sports, ownership of professional sport clubs and Crowdfunding in sports. Papers on both professional and amateur sports are welcome.
earnings persistence --- accruals --- earnings predictability --- European football clubs --- financial fair play --- revenue sharing --- welfare --- moments --- risk aversion --- sports finance --- soft budget constraint --- payment failure --- disequilibrium modelling --- segmented labour market --- French soccer --- football --- audit fees --- audit shopping --- Financial Fair Play --- UEFA --- JEL Classification --- Z2 --- M41 --- M42 --- football --- regulation --- financial fair play --- financial recovery --- polarization --- finance --- financial health --- cricket --- professional team sport --- profit maximisation --- subsidy --- grants --- attendance --- hockey --- fighting --- uncertainty of outcome --- bonuses --- effort --- fighter performance --- mixed martial arts (MMA) --- Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) --- World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) --- Zuffa LLC --- college sports --- finances --- economics --- NHL --- KHL --- country of origin --- salary
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