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Suitable for practicing engineers and engineers in training, this book covers the most important operations involving particulate solids. Through clear explanations of theoretical principles and practical laboratory exercises, the text provides an understanding of the behavior of powders and pulverized systems. It also helps readers develop skills for operating, optimizing, and innovating particle processing technologies and machinery in order to carry out industrial operations. The author explores common bulk solids processing operations, including milling, agglomeration, fluidization, mixing, and solid-fluid separation.

Industrial Chemistry --- Food Chemistry --- FOOD --- CHEMLIB --- SCI-TECH --- CHEMICALENGINEERING --- CHEMISTRY --- STM --- bed --- distribution --- fluidized --- industry --- mass --- material --- particle-size --- processing --- technology --- transfer

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The Tsinghua University–University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology (JCMEET) is a platform. It was established on Nov.11, 2017. The Chairperson of University Council of Tsinghua University, Dr. Xu Chen, and the President of the University of Waterloo, Dr. Feridun Hamdullahpur, attended the opening ceremony and unveiled the nameplate for the joint research center on 29th of March, 2018. The research center serves as a platform for researchers at both universities to conduct joint research in the targeted areas, and to meet regularly for information exchange, talent exchange, and knowledge mobilization, especially in the fields of micro/nano, energy, and environmental technologies. The center focuses on three main interests: micro/nano energy technology, micro/nano pollution control technology, and relevant fundamental research. In order to celebrate the first anniversary of the Joint Research Center, we were invited to serve as the Guest Editors of this Special Issue of Materials focusing on the topic of micro/nano-materials for clean energy and environment. It collects research papers from a broad range of topics related to micro/nanostructured materials aimed at future energy resources, low emission energy conversion, energy storage, energy efficiency improvement, air emission control, air monitoring, air cleaning, and many other related applications. This Special Issue provides an opportunity and example for the international community to discuss how to actively address the energy and environment issues that we are facing.

air filtration --- airborne nanoparticle --- particle concentration --- nanofibers --- cellulose nanofiber --- Lyocell fiber --- PM2.5 --- filter paper --- submicro-fiber --- airborne dust --- engine filtration --- loading performance --- potassium-based adsorbent --- load modification --- CO2 adsorption --- failure --- kinetics --- microscopic characteristics --- CaO --- As2O3 --- DFT --- adsorption --- oxygen carrier --- multiscale model --- product island --- oxidation kinetics --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- phase change material (PCM) --- building materials --- passive building systems --- mortar --- concrete --- flame synthesis --- flame stabilizing on a rotating surface (FSRS) --- rotational speed --- particle deposition --- Karlovitz number --- Limestone --- particle size --- sulfation --- TGA --- model --- nanoparticles --- nanoplates --- spectral blue shift --- amalgam --- water quality --- shale --- permeability measurement --- pressure decay method

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The present Special Issue brings together recent research findings from renowned scientists in the field of water treatment and assembled contributions on advanced technologies applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. 12 research contributions have highlighted various processes and technologies, which can achieve effective treatment and purification of wastewater and of drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The main topics which are analyzed are the use of novel type membranes in bioreactors, the use of modified membranes, for example using vacuum membrane distillation, the fouling of membranes, the problem of arsenic, antimony and chromium contamination in groundwaters and its removal and the use of novel technologies for more efficient ozonation.

ultrafiltration --- hollow fibre --- natural organic matter (NOM) --- coagulation --- optical sensors --- Membrane Bioreactor --- hollow fiber membranes --- TMP --- backwash duration --- temperature --- membrane fouling --- hexavalent chromium --- second cheese whey --- winery effluents --- co-treatment --- trickling biofilter --- crossflow membrane filtration --- produced water treatment --- fouling --- modeling --- process control --- separation --- multiphase --- vacuum membrane distillation --- desalination --- bioethanol recovery --- modeling --- arsenic adsorption --- small sized powdered ferric hydroxide --- granular ferric hydroxide --- water matrix --- adsorption kinetics --- drinking water --- water crisis --- biofilm membrane bioreactor --- membrane fouling --- operation --- ceramic membranes --- multivariate statistics --- membrane filtration --- membrane fouling --- cake resistance --- membrane resistance --- sodium alginate --- microfiltration --- xDLVO theory --- HA–BSA mixtures --- interaction energy --- membrane fouling --- solution conditions --- antimony treatment --- Sb(III) --- Sb(V) --- Fe-based coagulants --- polluted waters --- ozonation --- membranes --- polydimethylsiloxane --- mass transfer --- wastewater treatment --- water treatment --- peroxone --- membranes --- adsorption --- natural organic matter --- arsenic --- chromate --- antimony --- ozonation --- municipal wastewater sludge --- dewatering --- particle size distribution

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The role of biochar in improving soil fertility is increasingly being recognized and is leading to recommendations of biochar amendment of degraded soils. In addition, biochars offer a sustainable tool for managing organic wastes and to produce added-value products. The benefits of biochar use in agriculture and forestry can span enhanced plant productivity, an increase in soil C stocks, and a reduction of nutrient losses from soil and non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions. Nevertheless, biochar composition and properties and, therefore, its performance as a soil amendment are highly dependent on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. In addition, due to its characteristics, such as high porosity, water retention, and adsorption capacity, there are other applications for biochar that still need to be properly tested. Thus, the 16 original articles contained in this book, which were selected and evaluated for this Special Issue, provide a comprehensive overview of the biological, chemicophysical, biochemical, and environmental aspects of the application of biochar as soil amendment. Specifically, they address the applicability of biochar for nursery growth, its effects on the productivity of various food crops under contrasting conditions, biochar capacity for pesticide retention, assessment of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil carbon dynamics. I would like to thank the contributors, reviewers, and the support of the Agronomy editorial staff, whose professionalism and dedication have made this issue possible.

sesame --- rice husk biochar --- nutrient concentration --- cropping --- biochar particle size --- soil physics --- soil chemistry --- water retention --- global warming --- archaeal 16S rRNA gene --- bacterial 16S rRNA gene --- rice yields --- qPCR --- soil amendments --- jatropha --- biochar --- arid region --- acidic undernourished soil --- fallen leaves --- biochar --- solid digestate --- Pelargonium graveolens --- leaf chlorosis --- essential oil quality --- biochar --- desert soil --- crop growth --- water retention --- nutrient --- soil chemical properties --- soil physical properties --- activated carbon --- biofertilizers --- gas exchange attributes --- wheat --- water stress --- yield attributes --- containerized production systems --- heavy metals --- paper mill sludge --- biochar-ash pellet --- quality index --- hydrochar --- pyrochar --- nitrogen --- fertilizer --- greenhouse experiment --- biosolids --- field experiment --- incubation --- 13C NMR --- mean residence time --- slow pool --- vineyard by-products --- composted solid digestate --- biochar --- grapevine planting material --- biochar --- soil carbon dynamics --- soil fertility --- excessive compost application --- Ultisols --- activated charcoal --- aging --- pesticides --- nutrient cycling --- soil health --- soil organic matter --- dairy manure --- thermochemical property --- pyrolysis --- biochar --- pore property --- wheat --- biochar --- germination --- hormone --- gene expression

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The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.

scanning electron microscope (SEM) images --- permeability --- high temperature --- Darcy’s law --- confining pressures --- chemical grouts --- grain size of sand --- initial water contained in sand --- grouted sand --- macroscopic mechanical behaviors --- microstructure characteristics --- ductile failure --- gas concentration --- gob-side entry retaining (GER) --- limestone roof --- roof-cutting resistance --- roadside backfill body (RBB) --- solid backfill coal mining --- goaf --- water soaked height --- loose gangue backfill material --- deformation --- crushing ratio --- fracture grouting --- cement–silicate grout --- geophysical prospecting --- seepage --- Yellow River Embankment --- contiguous seams --- water-dripping roadway --- roadway deformation --- bolt support --- pervious concrete --- permeability coefficient --- porosity --- pore distribution characteristics --- strength --- soil–structure interface --- internal erosion --- critical hydraulic gradient --- orthogonal tests --- Pseudo Steady-State (PPS) constant --- finite-conductivity fracture --- conductivity-influence function --- normalized conductivity-influence function --- circular closed reservoir --- glutenite --- gravel --- hydraulic fracture --- numerical simulation --- propagation --- glauberite cavern for storing oil &amp --- gas --- thermal-hydrological-chemical interactions --- temperature --- brine concentration --- microstructure --- micro-CT --- damage --- cyclic heating and cooling --- physical and mechanical parameters --- failure mode --- acoustic emission --- anisotropy --- bedding plane orientation --- coal --- gas --- adsorption–desorption --- laboratory experiment --- pore pressure --- hydro-mechanical coupling --- fracture closure --- constitutive model --- effective stress --- debris flow --- dynamic characteristics --- numerical analysis --- debris-resisting barriers --- coal measures sandstone --- creep characteristics --- seepage pressure --- seepage-creep --- microscopic morphology --- Darcy flow --- heterogeneity --- numerical manifold method --- high-order --- refraction law --- hydraulic fracture network --- cohesive element method --- coal seams --- fracture propagation --- discontinuous natural fracture --- secondary fracture --- fault water inrush --- coupled THM model --- nonlinear flow in fractured porous media --- numerical model --- warning levels of fault water inrush --- bentonite-sand mixtures --- differential settlement --- deformation --- hydraulic conductivity --- crack --- geogrid --- enhanced permeability --- deviatoric stress --- mechanical behavior transition --- CH4 seepage --- volumetric strain --- strain-based percolation model --- rock-soil mechanics --- soft filling medium --- segmented grouting --- split grouting --- model experiment --- reinforcement mechanism --- longwall mining --- gob behaviors --- stress relief --- permeability --- gas drainage --- hard and thick magmatic rocks --- orthogonal ratio test --- similar simulation --- fracture --- bed separation --- disaster-causing mechanism --- artificial joint rock --- shear-flow coupled test --- hydraulic aperture --- roughness --- seepage pressure --- mixing --- conservative solute --- fractal --- roughness --- fracture --- transversely isotropic rocks --- failure mechanism --- particle flow modeling --- interface --- n/a --- fractured porous rock mass --- grouting experiment --- visualization system --- flow law --- layered progressive grouting --- sandstone and mudstone particles --- rheological deformation --- segmented rheological model --- rheological limit strain --- rheological test --- water-rock interaction --- dry-wet cycles --- slope stability --- laboratory experiment --- mechanical properties --- Xinjiang --- land reclamation --- management period --- soil particle size --- fluid flow in reclaimed soil --- effluents --- soil properties --- cohesive soils --- contamination --- time variation --- stabilization --- mixer --- viscoelastic fluid --- pore structure --- orthogonal test --- fluid–solid coupling theory --- similar-material --- regression equation --- optimum proportioning --- hydraulic fracturing --- gas fracturing --- oriented perforation --- fracture propagation --- damage mechanics --- fluid viscosity --- CO2 flooding --- supercritical CO2 --- CO2 geological storage --- tight sandstone gas reservoirs --- enhanced gas recovery --- flotation --- coal particle --- collision angle --- initial settlement position --- particle velocity --- adhesion efficiency --- green mining --- paste-like slurry --- XRD --- intelligent torque rheometer --- on-site monitoring --- cyclic wetting-drying --- deterioration --- sandstone --- mudstone --- elastic modulus --- uniaxial compressive strength --- permeability characteristics --- grading broken gangue --- compressive stress --- compression deformation --- mine shaft --- alternate strata --- surrounding rock --- shaft lining --- relief excavation --- consolidation process --- unsaturated soil --- semi-analytical solution --- impeded drainage boundary --- excess pore-pressures --- coalbed methane (CBM) --- soft coal masses --- pore structure --- fractal pore characteristics --- hydraulic fractures --- PPCZ --- multitude parameters --- propagation pattern --- stress interference --- naturally fracture --- filtration effects --- grout penetration --- unified pipe-network method --- two-phase flow --- fractured porous medium --- new cementitious material --- cement-based paste discharge --- XRD --- TG/DTG --- SEM --- MIP --- mechanical behaviors --- rock fracture --- shear-flow coupled test --- constant normal stiffness conditions --- transmissivity --- hydraulic aperture --- water inrush prevention --- backfill mining --- strata movement --- ground pressure --- floor failure depth --- water–rock interaction --- degradation mechanism --- mixed mode fracture resistance --- fracture criteria --- T-stress --- hydro-power --- high-steep slope --- fractured rock --- permeability --- seepage control --- gas-bearing coal --- electrical potential --- charge separation --- gas adsorption --- damage evolution --- Unsaturation --- chloride --- concrete --- coupling model --- numerical calculation --- debris flow --- forecasting --- rainfall-unstable soil coupling mechanism(R-USCM) --- scoops3D --- Jiaohe --- non-aqueous phase liquid --- finite element method --- two-phase flow --- mixed-form formulation --- FLAC --- pore structure --- movable fluid --- tight sandstones --- Ordos Basin --- tectonically deformed coal --- coal and gas outburst --- coal-like material --- mechanical properties --- deformation feature --- adsorption/desorption properties --- minerals --- mechanical properties --- uniaxial compressive strength --- crack distribution characteristics --- discrete element method --- lignite --- nitric acid modification --- pore structure --- surface characteristics --- adsorption performance --- n/a