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Small scale mechanical deformations have gained a significant interest over the past few decades, driven by the advances in integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems. One of the most powerful and versatile characterization methods is the nanoindentation technique. The capabilities of these depth-sensing instruments have been improved considerably. They can perform experiments in vacuum and at high temperatures, such as in-situ SEM and TEM nanoindenters. This allows researchers to visualize mechanical deformations and dislocations motion in real time. Time-dependent behavior of soft materials has also been studied in recent research works. This Special Issue on ""Small Scale Deformation using Advanced Nanoindentation Techniques""; will provide a forum for researchers from the academic and industrial communities to present advances in the field of small scale contact mechanics. Materials of interest include metals, glass, and ceramics. Manuscripts related to deformations of biomaterials and biological related specimens are also welcome. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

multiscale --- quasicontinuum method --- surface pit defect --- size effect --- tantalum --- mammalian cells --- morphology --- biomaterials --- nanoscale --- Bi2Se3 thin films --- nanoindentation --- hardness --- pop-in --- nanoindentation --- constitutive model --- rate factor --- dimensionless analysis --- solder --- InP(100) single crystal --- Pop-in --- nanoindentation --- transmission electron microscopy --- fracture toughness --- cement paste --- miniaturized cantilever beam --- micromechanics --- fatigue --- nanoindenter --- nanoindentation --- reduced activation ferritic martensitic (RAFM) steels --- helium irradiation --- irradiation hardening --- nuclear fusion structural materials --- metallic glass --- nanoindentation --- creep --- strain rate sensitivity --- shear transformation zone --- nanoindentation --- mechanical properties --- soft biomaterials --- viscoelasticity --- atomic force microscopy (AFM) --- TSV --- nanoindentation --- FIB --- micro-cantilever beam --- mixed-mode --- fracture --- nickel --- nanoindentation --- hardness --- brittleness and ductility --- hydrogen embrittlement --- n/a

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Dear Colleagues,Determinations of the indentation hardness properties of crystals have expanded to cover the full characterizations of their important elastic, plastic and cracking behaviors, particularly as accomplished with the increased measuring capabilities of nanoindentation hardness testing. No crystal structure of any bonding type is either too soft or too hard to prevent measurement with a suitable probing indenter. The current Special Issue is devoted to surveying the topic with emphasis given in a collection of reports to: (1) the diversity of crystals being tested; (2) the variety of measuring techniques; and (3) the wealth of information being obtained.Prof. Dr. Ron ArmstrongDr. Stephen WalleyProf. Dr. Wayne L. ElbanGuest Editors

indentation hardness --- nanoindentation testing --- elastic loading --- plastic deformation --- indentation fracture mechanics

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By the late 1940s, and since then, the continuous development of dislocation theories have provided the basis for correlating the macroscopic time-dependent deformation of metals and alloys—known as creep—to the time-dependent processes taking place within the metals and alloys. High-temperature deformation and stress relaxation effects have also been explained and modeled on similar bases. The knowledge of high-temperature deformation as well as its modeling in conventional or unconventional situations is becoming clearer year by year, with new contemporary and better performing high-temperature materials being constantly produced and investigated.This book includes recent contributions covering relevant topics and materials in the field in an innovative way. In the first section, contributions are related to the general description of creep deformation, damage, and ductility, while in the second section, innovative testing techniques of creep deformation are presented. The third section deals with creep in the presence of complex loading/temperature changes and environmental effects, while the last section focuses on material microstructure–creep correlations for specific material classes. The quality and potential of specific materials and microstructures, testing conditions, and modeling as addressed by specific contributions will surely inspire scientists and technicians in their own innovative approaches and studies on creep and high-temperature deformation.

creep --- dislocation dynamics --- glide --- internal stress --- creep --- microstructural features --- constitutive equations --- creep --- superalloy VAT 36 --- superalloy VAT 32 --- high temperature --- Gr.91 --- normalizing --- simulate HAZ --- ferritic–martensitic steel --- P92 --- low cycle fatigue --- relaxation fatigue --- cyclic softening --- creep damage --- cavitation --- small angle neutron scattering --- scanning electron microscopy --- austenitic stainless steel --- creep ductility --- intrinsic ductility --- modelling --- multiaxiality --- creep buckling --- external pressure --- Larson–Miller parameter --- elevated temperature --- visualization --- metallic glass --- nanoindentation --- creep --- size effect --- strain rate sensitivity --- superalloy --- excess volume --- solute atom --- dislocation dynamics --- creep --- DFT --- residual stress --- creep rupture mechanism --- P92 steel --- FEM --- Gibbs free energy principle --- creep rupture --- creep grain boundary --- finite element method --- grain boundary cavitation --- creep damage --- poly-crystal --- MCrAlY --- TMA --- creep --- bond coat --- hydrogen --- water vapor --- iron aluminides --- creep --- stress exponent --- activation energy --- n/a

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The papers collected in this special issue clearly reflect the modern research trends in materials science. These fields of specific attention are high-Mn TWIP steels, high-Cr heat resistant steels, aluminum alloys, ultrafine grained materials including those developed by severe plastic deformation, and high-entropy alloys. The major portion of the collected papers is focused on the mechanisms of microstructure evolution and the mechanical properties of metallic materials subjected to various thermo-mechanical, deformation or heat treatments. Another large portion of the studies is aimed on the elaboration of alloying design of advanced steels and alloys. The changes in phase content, transformation and particle precipitation and their effect on the properties are also broadly presented in this collection, including the microstructure/property changes caused by irradiation.

Mg–Sm–Zn–Zr --- dynamic precipitation --- microstructure --- mechanical property --- bimodal ferrite steel --- ultrafine-grained microstructure --- mechanical properties --- corrosion resistance --- abnormal grain growth --- grain boundary engineering --- electron backscattered diffraction --- growth rate --- Al metal matrix composites --- microstructure --- mechanical properties --- strengthening mechanism --- hot compression --- dynamic recovery --- dynamic recrystallization --- texture --- aluminum alloys --- Al-Fe-Si-Zr system --- microstructure --- hardness --- electrical conductivity --- metal–matrix composite --- high-pressure torsion --- microstructure evolution --- microhardness --- shape memory alloy --- columnar grain --- Cu-Al-Mn --- elastocaloric effect --- strain rate --- measuring temperature --- creep --- lead-free solder --- Sb solder --- Sn-8.0Sb-3.0Ag --- solder microstructure --- martensitic steels --- creep --- precipitation --- electron microscopy --- high-Mn TWIP steel --- cold rolling --- annealing --- recovery --- recrystallization --- strengthening --- austenitic 304 stainless steels --- sub-merged arc welding --- post-weld heat treatment --- aluminum alloys --- aging --- precipitation --- electrical resistivity --- mechanical properties --- ferritic steel --- irradiation --- nanoindentation --- hardness --- transmission electron microscopy (TEM) --- microstructure --- high-entropy alloys --- high-pressure torsion --- microstructure evolution --- twinning --- mechanical properties --- welded rotor --- weld metal --- impact toughness --- PWHT --- microstructure evolution --- Cu-Cr-Zr --- precipitation --- orientation relationship --- recrystallization --- annealing twins --- structural steel plate --- nonmetallic inclusions --- rare earth control --- M23C6 --- ion irradiation --- M6C --- amorphization --- RAFM steels --- hot stamping --- press hardening --- martensitic expansion --- force peak --- cycle time --- high-Mn steel --- deformation twinning --- dynamic recrystallization --- grain refinement --- work hardening --- in situ tensile testing --- super duplex stainless steel --- SDSS --- low-temperature --- ?-phase --- SEM --- EBSD --- microstructure analysis --- n/a