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Contrasting conditions with and without conscious experience has served consciousness research well. However, research based on this simple contrast has led to controversies about the neural basis of conscious experience. One key reason for these ongoing debates seems to be that the simple contrast between conditions with and without consciousness is not specific for unraveling the neural basis of conscious experience, but rather also leads to other processes that precede or follow it. Acknowledging this methodological problem implies that some of the previous research findings about the neural underpinnings of conscious experience are actually reflecting the prerequisites and consequences rather than the direct correlates of conscious perception. Thus, it is required to re-evaluate the previous results to find out which of them are telling us anything about the neural basis of consciousness. But first and foremost, to overcome this methodological problem we need new experimental paradigms that go beyond the simple contrastive analysis or find the ways how some older but well forgotten paradigms may foster a new look at this emerging problem. Accordingly, this research topic is looking for empirical and theoretical contributions that: 1) envision new and suitable experimental approaches to study consciousness that are free from the limitations of the simple contrastive analysis; 2) provide empirical data that help to separate the neural correlates of conscious experience from the prerequisites and consequences of it; 3) help to re-assess previous research findings about the neural correlates of conscious perception in the light of the methodological problems with the traditional contrastive analysis. We hope that the theoretical insights and experimental approaches collected within this Research Topic help us to gain a more refined understanding of the neural basis of conscious experience.

Consciousness --- neural correlates of consciousness --- Contrastive analysis --- contextual effects --- oscillations --- EEG --- TMS --- multivariate analysis --- Contents of consciousness --- levels of consciousness

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After the successful conclusion of the Joint Meeting of IUFRO’s 7.03.05 & 7.03.10 working parties and given the exciting and novel studies that have been presented in the framework of this meeting, we decided to present some of these studies in the current Special Issue of Forests. To make this issue more appealing and interesting to everyone in the field of Forest Protection, studies that cover a wide range of topics were selected, ranging from ecology and phylogeography to forest management and protection. More importantly, as these studies refer to pests and pathogens from different parts of the world, it is expected that the knowledge gained can be further used in the protection of natural environment worldwide.

Buprestidae --- Coraebus florentinus --- Mediterranean forests --- oak --- Quercus --- selective pruning --- wood borer insects --- forest health --- mine reclamation --- Forestry Reclamation Approach --- Phytophthora --- ink disease --- American chestnut --- Trypodendron laeve --- Carpathian Mountains --- Romania --- distribution --- Fraxinus excelsior --- invasive pathogens --- ash dieback --- chlorophyll-a fluorescence --- phenols --- triterpenes --- sterols --- ammonium phosphite --- disease management --- biological control --- chestnut blight --- Cryphonectria parasitica --- hypovirulence --- silvicultural interventions --- aggregated retention --- clearcutting --- coniferous forest --- deciduous forest --- functional group --- Lepidoptera --- multivariate analysis --- Betula --- birch --- fungal phytopathogens --- ITS --- Japanese red pine pure forests --- Cephalcia kunyushanica --- stand type --- stand characteristics --- soil properties --- black timber bark beetle --- biological invasion --- Xyleborini --- ambrosia beetle --- spread --- occurrence --- ethanol --- forest management --- Ips duplicatus --- pathogen --- vector --- infection level --- invasion --- latitude --- Ips sexdentatus --- Scolytinae --- mtDNA --- phylogeography --- flying ability --- human-mediated transport

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The Special Issue “Extractable and Non-Extractable Antioxidants” gives an updated view on antioxidants—both in their extractable and non-extractable form—in the different food groups, their products thereof, and food preparations as well as byproducts and biomass waste. The potential beneficial properties of these compounds and nutraceutical formulations are described in the various studies covered in this Special Issue.

anthocyanins --- polyphenolic compounds --- classic extraction --- ultrasound assisted extraction --- antioxidant capacity --- daidzein --- cyclodextrin --- inclusion complex --- antioxidant activity --- trans-cinnamaldehyde --- ?-cyclodextrin --- self-inclusion --- anti-inflammation --- antioxidant --- Pleurotus ostreatus --- antioxidant activity --- polyphenols --- digestibility --- fermentation --- cereals --- legumes --- Chinese mistletoes --- phenolics --- phenolic contents --- antioxidant activity --- forest residues --- phenolic compounds --- natural antioxidants --- quercitrin --- value-added by-products --- Camellia sinensis --- black teas --- catechins --- antioxidant activity --- LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS --- principal component analysis --- extractable --- non-extractable --- antioxidant activity --- agglomerative hierarchical clustering --- principal component analysis --- multivariate analysis --- nuclear magnetic spectroscopy --- nitric oxide scavengers --- pre-column HPLC method --- Aloysia triphylla --- phenolics --- antioxidants --- dietary supplements --- botanicals --- bioactive compounds --- antioxidants --- study approach --- integrated food research --- dedicated databases --- dietary assessment. --- biorefinery --- circular economy --- grape seed --- bio-based --- chemometrics --- Cagnulari marc --- Naviglio Extractor® --- green extraction --- endothelial cell --- oxidative stress --- polyphenols --- berries jam --- phenolic acids --- flavonols glycosides --- degradation --- HPLC-ESI/MS --- antioxidant properties --- digestive enzyme --- nutrient --- polymerization --- proanthocyanidins --- eggplant --- flour --- phenolics --- antioxidant activity --- functional ingredient --- sour cherry --- anthocyanins --- extractable polyphenols --- non-extractable polyphenols --- Italian popular recipes --- food composition database --- antioxidant properties --- extractable compounds --- non-extractable compounds --- ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) --- total polyphenol content (TPC) --- n/a

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Entropies and entropy-like quantities play an increasing role in modern non-linear data analysis. Fields that benefit from this application range from biosignal analysis to econophysics and engineering. This issue is a collection of papers touching on different aspects of entropy measures in data analysis, as well as theoretical and computational analyses. The relevant topics include the difficulty to achieve adequate application of entropy measures and the acceptable parameter choices for those entropy measures, entropy-based coupling, and similarity analysis, along with the utilization of entropy measures as features in automatic learning and classification. Various real data applications are given.

experiment of design --- empirical mode decomposition --- signal analysis --- similarity indices --- synchronization analysis --- auditory attention --- entropy measure --- linear discriminant analysis (LDA) --- support vector machine (SVM) --- auditory attention classifier --- electroencephalography (EEG) --- vague entropy --- distance induced vague entropy --- distance --- complex fuzzy set --- complex vague soft set --- entropy, entropy visualization --- entropy balance equation --- Shannon-type relations --- multivariate analysis --- machine learning evaluation --- data transformation --- sample entropy --- treadmill walking --- center of pressure displacement --- dual-tasking --- analog circuit --- fault diagnosis --- cross wavelet transform --- Tsallis entropy --- parametric t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding --- support vector machine --- information transfer --- Chinese stock sectors --- effective transfer entropy --- market crash --- system coupling --- cross-visibility graphs --- image entropy --- geodesic distance --- Dempster-Shafer evidence theory --- uncertainty of basic probability assignment --- belief entropy --- plausibility transformation --- weighted Hartley entropy --- Shannon entropy --- learning --- information --- novelty detection --- non-probabilistic entropy --- learning systems --- permutation entropy --- embedded dimension --- short time records --- signal classification --- relevance analysis --- global optimization --- meta-heuristic --- firefly algorithm --- cross-entropy method --- co-evolution --- symbolic analysis --- ordinal patterns --- Permutation entropy --- conditional entropy of ordinal patterns --- Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy --- algorithmic complexity --- information entropy --- particle size distribution --- selfsimilar measure --- simulation --- data analysis --- entropy --- entropy measures --- automatic learning

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The need for efficient and sustainable management methods of mine waste is continuously growing all around the world. These waste products often present serious management problems due to their more or less significant amounts and possible environmental threats. This Special Issue highlights the recent and new trends in sustainable mine waste management techniques. Currently, it is essential to sustainably manage mine waste, considering social, economic, environmental and technical aspects. In this Special Issue, insights related to the following issues are highlighted: the problems around mine waste, the fine characterization of mine waste, the latest available technical and environmental solutions to efficiently manage mine waste, including treatment and processing before disposal and high value element recovery, with the view of moving towards defining effective, low-cost and ecofriendly methods, the recycling of mine waste products as alternative resources in different sectors, and finally laboratory, pilot and/or industrial-scale studies related to these topics of research. Scientists and industry and governance stakeholders have to face these new challenges to find the best management practices for the future.

copper tailings dump --- leaching --- pH --- mobility --- chemical species --- attenuation mechanisms --- aquatic systems --- Zgounder mine --- silver --- tailings --- low-grade silver ores --- flotation --- mineralogical characterization --- mine waste --- management --- sustainability --- bibliometric analysis --- systematic review --- valorisation --- mine waste --- soil washing --- heap leaching --- dump leaching --- mine drainage --- remediation --- acid mine drainage --- geographical information systems --- paste pH --- siderite --- multivariate analysis --- spatial mapping --- iron ore tailings --- iron recovery --- concrete composite admixtures --- reuse --- rheology --- microstructure --- flow behavior --- cemented paste backfill --- mixing --- recovering alkali --- Bayer red mud --- reaction kinetics --- magnesium oxide --- hydrotalcite-like compounds --- sustainable development --- tailings management --- industrial ecology --- sustainable resource management --- mining waste --- circular economy --- mine waste --- tailings --- gravity separation --- stamp mill --- historic tailings --- metals --- exploration --- economic potential --- LIBS --- core scanner --- acid mine drainage --- alkaline amendments --- cementitious amendments --- kinetic testing --- Joutel mine --- environmental mineralogy --- exploration --- contaminant --- geochemical behavior --- acid mine drainage --- mine tailings --- sulfides --- gold reprocessing --- desulfurization --- flotation --- kinetic test --- mining and mineral processing waste (MMPW) --- anthropogenic mineral resources (AMR) --- long-term storage --- supergene processes --- environmental damage --- loss and lost profits --- AMR processing --- n/a