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A topic of utmost importance in civil engineering is finding optimal solutions throughout the life cycle of buildings and infrastructural objects, including their design, manufacturing, use, and maintenance. Operational research, management science, and optimization methods provide a consistent and applicable groundwork for engineering decision-making. These topics have received the interest of researchers and, after a rigorous peer-review process, eight papers have been published in this Special Issue. The articles in this Printed Edition demonstrate how solutions in civil engineering, which bring economic, social, and environmental benefits, are obtained through a variety of methodologies and tools. Usually, decision-makers need to take into account not just a single criterion, but several different criteria and, therefore, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches have been suggested for application in five of the published papers; the rest of the papers apply other research methods. Most approaches suggested decision models under uncertainty, proposing hybrid MCDM methods in combination with fuzzy or rough set theory, as well as D-numbers. The application areas of the proposed MCDM techniques mainly cover production/manufacturing engineering, logistics and transportation, and construction engineering and management. We hope that a summary of the Special Issue as provided here will encourage a detailed analysis of the papers included in the Printed Edition.

airplane turn time --- boarding/deboarding strategies --- seat preference --- experimental test --- internal transport --- rough Best–Worst Method (BWM) --- rough Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) --- logistics --- railway wagon --- construction --- rough number --- EDAS --- DEMATEL --- MCDM --- supply chain --- image processing --- flexible manufacturing --- tool-flank-wear monitoring --- artificial neural networks --- cost estimation --- shovel machine --- neural network --- multivariate regression --- hybrid model --- performance evaluation --- oil and gas well drilling projects --- Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) --- interval-valued fuzzy Additive Ratio Assessment --- Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) --- D number --- analytical network process (ANP) --- multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) --- multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) --- consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR) --- construction project risk --- risk management --- civil engineering --- architecture --- conceptual design --- parametric design --- structural analysis --- Grasshopper --- optimisation --- finite element method (FEM) --- ruled surface --- roof shell --- multi criteria decision making --- multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) --- hybrid MCDM --- fuzzy sets --- rough sets --- D numbers --- 3D modelling --- image processing --- experimental testing --- civil engineering --- manufacturing engineering --- transportation --- logistics

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This book includes papers in cross-disciplinary applications of mathematical modelling: from medicine to linguistics, social problems, and more. Based on cutting-edge research, each chapter is focused on a different problem of modelling human behaviour or engineering problems at different levels. The reader would find this book to be a useful reference in identifying problems of interest in social, medicine and engineering sciences, and in developing mathematical models that could be used to successfully predict behaviours and obtain practical information for specialised practitioners. This book is a must-read for anyone interested in the new developments of applied mathematics in connection with epidemics, medical modelling, social issues, random differential equations and numerical methods.

human behaviour --- organisational risk --- multi-criteria decision-making --- DEMATEL --- bottling process --- cellular automata --- game of life --- brain dynamics --- random non-autonomous second order linear differential equation --- mean square analytic solution --- random power series --- uncertainty quantification --- systems of nonlinear equations --- iterative methods --- Newton’s method --- order of convergence --- computational efficiency --- basin of attraction --- F-110 frigate --- decision-making --- ASW --- anti-torpedo decoy --- AHP --- uncertainty modelling --- Chikungunya disease --- mathematical modeling --- nonlinear dynamical systems --- numerical simulations --- parameter estimation --- Markov chain Monte Carlo --- block preconditioner --- generalized eigenvalue problem --- neutron diffusion equation --- modified block Newton method --- bone repair --- macrophages --- immune system --- cytokines --- stem cells --- exponential polynomial --- discrete dynamical systems --- convergence --- Hidden Markov models --- mathematical linguistics --- Voynich Manuscript --- IPV --- violence index --- independence index --- model --- ode

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The sensory properties of foods are the most important reason people eat the foods they eat. What those properties are and how we best measure those properties are critical to understanding food and eating behavior. Appearance, flavor, texture, and even the sounds of food can impart a desire to eat or cause us to dismiss the food as unappetizing, stale, or even inappropriate from a cultural standpoint. This Special Issue focuses on how sensory properties are measured, the specific sensory properties of various foods, and consumer behavior related to which properties might be most important in certain situations and how consumers use sensory attributes to make decisions about what they will eat. This Special Issue contains both research papers and review articles.

mayonnaise --- emulsification --- sensory evaluation --- texture --- processing --- natural --- ingredient --- consumer --- perception --- coffee --- hot beverages --- temperature --- esophageal cancer --- thermosensing --- sensory thresholds --- methodological study --- relative importance of attributes to liking --- multicollinearity --- temporal drivers of liking (TDOL) --- functional data analysis --- Choquet integral --- fuzzy measure --- multi-criteria decision-making --- Shapley value --- interaction indices --- LMG statistic --- multi-attribute time-intensity (MATI) data --- fruit chews --- carryover effects --- sensory acceptability --- sensory bias --- mixed models --- nonlinear models --- sensory --- descriptive analysis --- lexicon --- food --- product development --- shelf life --- quality control --- product improvement --- plant breeding --- sensory evaluation --- specialty food --- unique food products --- ethnic food --- descriptive analysis --- consumer test --- cross-cultural affective test --- descriptive sensory analysis --- hydroSOStainable products --- Prunus dulcis --- willingness to pay --- monosodium glutamate (MSG) --- MSG substitutes --- food label --- chicken soup --- sensory --- foods --- consumer --- descriptive

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Optimization is considered as a decision-making process for getting the most out of available resources for the best attainable results. Many real-world problems are multi-objective or multi-attribute problems that naturally involve several competing objectives that need to be optimized simultaneously, while respecting some constraints or involving selection among feasible discrete alternatives. In this Reprint of the Special Issue, 19 research papers co-authored by 88 researchers from 14 different countries explore aspects of multi-objective or multi-attribute modeling and optimization in crisp or uncertain environments by suggesting multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) and multi-objective decision-making (MODM) approaches. The papers elaborate upon the approaches of state-of-the-art case studies in selected areas of applications related to sustainable development decision aiding in engineering and management, including construction, transportation, infrastructure development, production, and organization management.

port scheduling --- berth-quay crane joint scheduling --- optimization study --- hybrid mathematical model --- multi-objective decision-making (MODM) --- sustainability --- vibration suppression --- single-cylinder engine --- multi-objective evolutionary algorithms --- dynamic analysis --- crank–slider --- ecological building --- clay blocks --- compacted clay --- straw bales --- cost calculation --- group decision making --- hesitant fuzzy set --- hospital evaluation --- linguistic hesitant fuzzy set and Standard variance --- bi-objective optimization --- heuristics --- discrete time/cost trade-off --- project scheduling --- Rough Hamy aggregator --- sustainable traffic --- Rough BWM --- Rough WASPAS --- construction --- roundabout --- optimization --- genetic algorithm --- artificial neural network --- apple --- drying --- rehydration --- renewable energy --- technology selection problem --- sustainable energy evaluation --- sustainable energy developments --- sustainable developments --- hierarchical SWARA --- MULTIMOORA --- multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) --- Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) --- ranking --- healthcare facility --- location-allocation problem --- multiple objective optimization --- bi-level programming --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) --- cleaner production (CP) --- extended Tomada de Decisão Interativa Multicritério (TODIM) --- probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) --- hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) --- gold mines --- conceptual framework --- organizations --- sustainability --- sustainability hierarchy --- Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) --- sustainable transport --- public transport --- emission of pollutants --- travel times --- bus pass --- MCDM --- critical information infrastructures --- fuzzy --- AHP --- WSM --- WASPAS --- MCDM --- hybrid --- management --- grey --- SWARA --- TOPSIS-GM --- ARAS-G --- Geomean --- energy efficiency --- comfort of use of buildings --- historic buildings --- sustainable development --- surface transport --- innovation in transport --- policy measures --- sustainable transport policy --- multiple criteria decision aid --- hybrid expert system --- bat algorithm --- particle swarm optimization algorithm --- multi-purpose system --- water resource management --- project --- construction --- contractor --- multiple-criteria decision-making --- AHP --- sustainable solution --- choice --- expert --- building investment project --- risk --- assessment --- verbal analysis --- multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) --- multi-objective decision-making (MODM) --- optimization --- engineering --- management --- sustainable development

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Neutrosophy (1995) is a new branch of philosophy that studies triads of the form (, , ), where is an entity {i.e. element, concept, idea, theory, logical proposition, etc.}, is the opposite of , while is the neutral (or indeterminate) between them, i.e., neither nor .Based on neutrosophy, the neutrosophic triplets were founded, which have a similar form (x, neut(x), anti(x)), that satisfy several axioms, for each element x in a given set.This collective book presents original research papers by many neutrosophic researchers from around the world, that report on the state-of-the-art and recent advancements of neutrosophic triplets, neutrosophic duplets, neutrosophic multisets and their algebraic structures – that have been defined recently in 2016 but have gained interest from world researchers. Connections between classical algebraic structures and neutrosophic triplet / duplet / multiset structures are also studied. And numerous neutrosophic applications in various fields, such as: multi-criteria decision making, image segmentation, medical diagnosis, fault diagnosis, clustering data, neutrosophic probability, human resource management, strategic planning, forecasting model, multi-granulation, supplier selection problems, typhoon disaster evaluation, skin lesson detection, mining algorithm for big data analysis, etc.

generalized aggregation operators --- interval neutrosophic set (INS) --- multi-attribute decision making (MADM) --- Choquet integral --- fuzzy measure --- clustering algorithm --- neutrosophic association rule --- data mining --- neutrosophic sets --- big data --- analytic hierarchy process (AHP) --- SWOT analysis --- multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques --- neutrosophic set theory --- neutrosophic clustering --- image segmentation --- neutrosophic c-means clustering --- region growing --- dermoscopy --- skin cancer --- neutosophic extended triplet subgroups --- neutrosophic triplet cosets --- neutrosophic triplet normal subgroups --- neutrosophic triplet quotient groups --- shopping mall --- photovoltaic plan --- decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) --- interval-valued neutrosophic set --- extended ELECTRE III --- symmetry --- single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) --- neutrosophic multiset (NM) --- single valued neutrosophic multiset (SVNM) --- cosine measure --- multiple attribute decision-making --- LNGPBM operator --- LNGWPBM operator --- Linguistic neutrosophic sets --- generalized partitioned Bonferroni mean operator --- multiple attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) --- pseudo-BCI algebra --- hesitant fuzzy set --- neutrosophic set --- filter --- action learning --- school administrator --- SVM --- neutrosophic classification --- neutrosophic set --- soft set --- totally dependent-neutrosophic set --- totally dependent-neutrosophic soft set --- generalized De Morgan algebra --- complex neutrosophic set --- complex neutrosophic graph --- fuzzy graph --- matrix representation --- neutrosophic triplet groups --- semigroup --- semi-neutrosophic triplets --- classical group of neutrosophic triplets --- S-semigroup of neutrosophic triplets --- pseudo primitive elements --- neutrosophic sets (NSs) --- interval neutrosophic numbers (INNs) --- exponential operational laws of interval neutrosophic numbers --- interval neutrosophic weighted exponential aggregation (INWEA) operator --- multiple attribute decision making (MADM) --- typhoon disaster evaluation --- simplified neutrosophic linguistic numbers --- cloud model --- Maclaurin symmetric mean --- multi-criteria decision-making --- neutrosophy --- DSmT --- decision-making algorithms --- robotic dexterous hands --- grasping configurations --- grasp type --- generalized group --- neutrosophic triplet set --- neutrosophic triplet group --- group --- neutrosophic cubic set --- neutrosophic cubic graphs --- applications of neutrosophic cubic graphs --- single-valued neutrosophic multisets --- medical diagnosis --- probabilistic rough sets over two universes --- three-way decisions --- similarity measures --- neutrosophic cubic set --- decision-making --- soft sets --- support soft sets --- interval valued neutrosophic support soft sets --- sustainable supplier selection problems (SSSPs) --- analytic network process --- interdependency of criteria --- TOPSIS --- neutrosophic set --- 2ingle-valued neutrosophic set --- Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) --- integrated weight --- maximizing deviation --- multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) --- neutrosophic triplet set (NTS) --- partial metric spaces (PMS) --- fixed point theory (FPT) --- neutrosophic triplet --- quasi neutrosophic triplet loop --- quasi neutrosophic triplet group --- BE-algebra --- CI-algebra --- fuzzy time series --- forecasting --- two-factor fuzzy logical relationship --- multi-valued neutrosophic set --- Hamming distance --- neutrosophic set --- prioritized operator --- Muirhead mean --- multicriteria decision-making --- aggregation operators --- dual aggregation operators --- neutrosophic triplet group (NTG) --- NT-subgroup --- homomorphism theorem --- weak commutative neutrosophic triplet group --- neutrosophic rough set --- MGNRS --- dual domains --- inclusion relation --- decision-making --- neutro-monomorphism --- neutro-epimorphism --- neutro-automorphism --- fundamental neutro-homomorphism theorem --- first neutro-isomorphism theorem --- and second neutro-isomorphism theorem --- linear and non-linear neutrosophic number --- de-neutrosophication methods --- neutrosophic set --- bipolar fuzzy set --- neutrosophic bipolar fuzzy set --- neutrosophic bipolar fuzzy weighted averaging operator --- similarity measure --- algorithm --- multiple attribute decision making problem --- neutrosophic duplets --- semigroup --- neutrosophic triplet groups --- neutrosophic set --- fault diagnosis --- normal distribution --- defuzzification --- simplified neutrosophic weighted averaging operator --- (commutative) ideal --- generalized neutrosophic set --- generalized neutrosophic ideal --- commutative generalized neutrosophic ideal --- linguistic neutrosophic sets --- multi-criteria group decision-making --- power aggregation operator --- extended TOPSIS method --- probabilistic single-valued (interval) neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set --- multi-attribute decision making --- aggregation operator --- quasigroup --- loop --- BCI-algebra --- Bol-Moufang --- quasi neutrosophic loops --- Fenyves identities --- G-metric --- neutrosophic G-metric --- neutrosophic sets --- clustering --- neutrosophic big data --- neutrosophic logic --- aggregation operator --- complement --- intersection --- membership --- neutrosophic soft set --- NC power dual MM operator (NCPDMM) operator --- NCPMM operator --- MADM --- MM operator --- Neutrosophic cubic sets --- PA operator --- interval neutrosophic sets --- Bonferroni mean --- power operator --- multi-attribute decision making (MADM) --- multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) --- 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic sets (2TLNSs) --- TODIM model --- 2TLNNs TODIM method --- construction project --- MCGDM problems --- triangular fuzzy neutrosophic sets (TFNSs) --- VIKOR model --- TFNNs VIKOR method --- potential evaluation --- emerging technology commercialization --- Q-linguistic neutrosophic variable set --- vector similarity measure --- cosine measure --- Dice measure --- Jaccard measure --- decision making --- inclusion relation --- neutrosophic rough set --- multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) --- multigranulation neutrosophic rough set (MNRS) --- two universes --- single valued trapezoidal neutrosophic number --- multi-criteria group decision making --- possibility degree --- power aggregation operators --- LA-semihypergroups --- neutrosophic triplet set --- neutro-homomorphism --- algorithm --- decision making --- expert set --- generalized neutrosophic set --- neutrosophic sets --- Q-neutrosophic --- soft sets --- simplified neutrosophic sets (SNSs) --- interval number --- dependent degree --- multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) --- computability --- oracle Turing machines --- neutrosophic sets --- neutrosophic logic --- recursive enumerability --- oracle computation --- criterion functions --- neutrosophic computation --- neutrosophic logic --- quantum computation --- computation --- logic --- n/a