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The book deals with novel aspects and perspectives in metal oxide and hybrid material fabrication.

Ag-ZnO --- thermoplastic elastomers --- polypropylene --- nanocomposites --- hierarchical --- antibacterial --- titanium dioxide --- zinc oxide --- binary oxide material --- sol-gel method --- organic dyes decomposition --- photocatalysis --- silica–lignin hybrid materials --- polylactide --- physicochemical and morphological properties --- mechanical properties --- biodegradation --- titanium dioxide --- zinc oxide --- zirconia --- molybdenum disulfide --- binary systems --- hybrid materials --- alumina --- CO2 capture --- porous hybrid adsorbents --- mesoporous organosilica --- self-propagating --- nuclear waste --- zirconolite --- actinide --- aqueous durability --- oxyanions --- sorption --- metal oxides --- environment pollution --- water purification --- adsorbents --- hazardous metals --- inorganic oxide materials --- surface functionalization --- enzyme immobilization --- laccase --- dyes decolorization --- Ti6Al4V titanium alloy --- ozone treatment --- surface layer --- surface free energy --- adhesive joint

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The focus of this Special Issue is aimed at enhancing the discussion of Engineering Education, particularly related to technological and professional learning. In the 21st century, students face a challenging demand: they are expected to have the best scientific expertise, but also highly developed social skills and qualities like teamwork, creativity, communication, or leadership. Even though students and teachers are becoming more aware of this necessity, there is still a gap between academic life and the professional world. In this Special Edition Book, the reader can find works tackling interesting topics such as educational resources addressing students’ development of competencies, the importance of final year projects linked to professional environments, and multicultural or interdisciplinary challenges.

cyclotron --- PET --- titanium-45 --- unconventional radionuclides --- cyclotron --- targetry --- thermal study --- recycling of [18O]-water --- enrichment grade --- fractional distillation --- azeotropic mixtures --- molecular sieve desiccant --- 165Er --- 52Mn --- irradiation --- separation --- resin --- radiometals --- heavy Rare Earth Elements (hREE) --- liquid targets --- medical cyclotron --- radiometals --- gallium-68 --- copper-64 --- copper-61 --- purification --- disposable kit --- radiopharmaceuticals --- radionuclide production --- target stations --- targetry --- 70 MeV cyclotron --- beam energy --- ion accelerator --- medical cyclotron --- ion source --- filament --- cyclotron --- medical isotopes --- SPECT --- cyclotron --- medical radioisotope production --- radioactive impurities --- cross-section --- stacked-foils --- gamma spectroscopy --- thick target yield --- Radionuclide Yield Calculator --- cyclotron target --- carbon-11 --- recoil escape --- boron nitride nanotubes --- BNNTs --- cyclotrons --- radionuclide production --- solid, liquid and gas targets --- PET --- medical isotopes --- Ga-68 --- solid target --- radioisotopes --- medical radioisotopes --- radioisotope targetry --- solid radioisotope targets --- radioisotope target processing --- medical cyclotrons --- cyclotron --- targetry --- solid target --- metal 3D-printing --- target temperature --- radiometals --- radionuclides --- radioisotopes --- medical radioisotopes --- radioisotope targetry --- solid radioisotope targets --- radioisotope target processing --- medical cyclotrons --- PET --- medical isotopes --- solid target system --- radioisotope production --- Molybdenum-100 --- cyclotron --- molybdenum material recovery --- actinium-225 --- thorium --- spallation --- proton target --- ANSYS --- targeted alpha therapy --- cyclotron --- stack-foil --- monitor reaction --- cyclotron solid target --- radioisotope production --- magnetron sputtering --- thick film deposition --- cyclotron --- powder target --- thermal study --- vortex target --- Gallium-68 --- Technetium-99m --- medical Sc radioisotopes --- radioisotope production --- thick target yield measurements --- cross-section reconstruction --- numerical analysis --- cyclotrons --- targets --- target chemistry --- radioisotopes --- theranostics

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Since their discovery in 1895, the detection of X-rays has had a strong impact on and various applications in several fields of science and human life. Impressive efforts have been made to develop new types of detectors and new techniques, aiming to obtain higher precision both in terms of energy and position. Depending on the applications, solid state detectors, microcalorimeters, and various types of spectrometers currently serve as the best options for spectroscopic and imaging detectors. Recent advancements in micron and meV precision have opened the door for groundbreaking applications in fundamental physics, medical science, astrophysics, cultural heritage, and several other fields. The aim of this Special Issue is to compile an overview, from different communities and research fields, of the most recent developments in X-ray detection and their possible impacts in various sectors, such as in exotic atom measurements, quantum physics studies, XRF, XES, EXAFS, plasma emission spectroscopy, monochromators, synchrotron radiation, telescopes, and space engineering. All the papers included in this Special Issue contribute to emphasizing the importance of X-ray detection in a very broad range of physics topics; most of these topics are covered by the published works, and several others are mentioned in the paper references, providing an interesting and very useful synopsis, from a variety of different communities and research fields, of the most recent developments in X-ray detection and their impact in fundamental research and societal applications.

soft X-rays --- XAFS --- beamlines --- synchrotron radiation --- material science --- X-ray reflectivity --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- magnetic multilayers --- standing waves --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- amylin --- high energy resolution fluorescence detection --- HOPG --- HAPG --- Pyrolytic Graphite --- von Hamos --- mosaic spread --- mosaicity --- rocking curve --- Compton camera --- positron emission tomography --- Compton scattering --- scintillation detector --- silicon photomultiplier --- medical applications --- free electron lasers --- coherent imaging --- X-ray Raman --- X-ray absorption --- THz radiation --- solid-state detectors --- radiation detectors --- photodetectors --- X- and ?-ray instruments --- X- and ?-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors --- X-ray and ?-ray spectrometers --- optical materials --- X-ray diffraction --- optical instruments and equipment --- molybdenum --- TM oxides --- XAFS --- thin films --- kaonic atoms --- strong interaction --- X-ray detectors --- Pauli exclusion principle --- quantum foundations --- X-ray spectroscopy --- underground experiment --- X-ray --- XAS --- XRF --- multidisciplinarity --- X-ray source facilities --- material investigation --- graphite crystals

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Organophosphorus chemistry is an important discipline within organic chemistry. Phosphorus compounds, such as phosphines, trialkyl phosphites, phosphine oxides (chalcogenides), phosphonates, phosphinates and >P(O)H species, etc., may be important starting materials or intermediates in syntheses. Let us mention the Wittig reaction and the related transformations, the Arbuzov- and the Pudovik reactions, the Kabachnik–Fields condensation, the Hirao reaction, the Mitsunobu reaction, etc. Other reactions, e.g., homogeneous catalytic transformations or C-C coupling reactions involve P-ligands in transition metal (Pt, Pd, etc.) complex catalysts. The synthesis of chiral organophosphorus compounds means a continuous challenge. Methods have been elaborated for the resolution of tertiary phosphine oxides and for stereoselective organophosphorus transformations. P-heterocyclic compounds, including aromatic and bridged derivatives, P-functionalized macrocycles, dendrimers and low coordinated P-fragments, are also of interest. An important segment of organophosphorus chemistry is the pool of biologically-active compounds that are searched and used as drugs, or as plant-protecting agents. The natural analogue of P-compounds may also be mentioned. Many new phosphine oxides, phosphinates, phosphonates and phosphoric esters have been described, which may find application on a broad scale. Phase transfer catalysis, ionic liquids and detergents also have connections to phosphorus chemistry. Green chemical aspects of organophosphorus chemistry (e.g., microwave-assisted syntheses, solvent-free accomplishments, optimizations, and atom-efficient syntheses) represent a dynamically developing field. Last, but not least, theoretical approaches and computational chemistry are also a strong sub-discipline within organophosphorus chemistry.

amino acids --- aminophosphonic acids --- 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acids --- 1-(acylamino)alkylphosphonic acids --- 31P NMR spectra of intermediates --- hydrolytic deacylation --- synergy --- 1,3-azaphospholes --- Diels-Alder reaction --- electrophilic substitution --- DFT calculations --- ?-hydroxyphosphonate --- Pudovik reaction --- O-derivatization --- oxidation --- substitution --- rearrangement --- hydrolysis --- dialkyl H-phosphonates --- alcoholysis --- transesterification --- microwave --- continuous flow reactor --- organophosphorus chemistry --- phosphonium salts --- ?-amidoalkylating agents --- N-acyliminium cation --- N-acylimine --- diphosphines --- electronic parameters --- DFT --- QTAIM --- triple-decker --- cyclo-P5 --- weakly coordinating --- molybdenum --- silver --- copper --- bis(phosphane) palladium complex --- metallacycle --- NORPHOS --- allylic alkylation --- asymmetric catalysis --- chiral phosphines --- C-H bond activation --- polycyclic compounds --- stereoselective synthesis --- DFT calculations --- phosphonic acids --- aminophosphonic acids --- phosphonocarboxylic acids --- NMR-controlled titration --- dissociation constants --- stability constants --- dynamic and specific NMR parameters --- phosphorylation --- dinucleotides --- organophosphorus chemistry --- mechanochemistry --- dry eye syndrome --- diquafosol --- denufosol