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Electrical, optical, ionic and magnetic properties of ceramics are primarily dictated by their crystal structure. They can be improved by introducing impurities, creating long range order/short range order/disorder, engineering defects and utilising specific crystal anisotropy and orientation. This Special Issue is aimed at manuscripts focusing on the recent development of electroceramics and its relation to the crystallography, including the characterisation aspect.In particular, the topic of interest covers the review paper on principles, difficulties and progress of crystal structure determination and refinement from powder diffraction, and ferroelectricity in binary crystals. Other interesting piezoelectric, electrical conducting, dielectric and ferroelectric ceramics are reported with various crystal structural characterisation and microscopy techniques.

crystallography --- ferroelectric --- dielectric --- piezoelectric --- microstructure

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Space charge contributions to the densification of perovskite ceramics during sintering were assessed in the model system strontium titanate using a combined experimental and analytical approach. Defect chemistry in the bulk and at the grain-boundaries for SrTiO? in high temperature regions were calculated based on literature data. Diffusion coefficients for bulk-diffusion and grain boundary-diffusion were estimated and used with Coble’s equations for densification rates.

Strontiumtitanat, SrTiO?, Sintern, Defektchemie, Mikrostrukturstrontiumtitanat, SrTiO?, sintering, defect chemistry, microstructure

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The human brain is extraordinary complex and yet its origin is a simple tubular structure. Rapid and dramatic structural growth takes place during the fetal and perinatal period. By the time of birth, a repertoire of major cortical, subcortical and white matter structures resembling the adult pattern has emerged, however there are continued maturational changes of the gray matter and white matter throughout childhood and adolescence and into adulthood. The maturation of neuronal structures provides the neuroanatomical basis for the acquisition and refinement of cognitive functions during postnatal development. Histological imaging has been traditionally dominant in understanding neuroanatomy of early brain development and still plays an unparalleled role in this field. Modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques including diffusion MRI, as noninvasive tools readily applied to in vivo brains, have become an important complementary approach in revealing the detailed brain anatomy, including the structural connectivity between brain regions. In this research topic, we presented the most recent investigations on understanding the neuroanatomy and connectivity of human brain development using both histology and MRI. Modern advances in mapping normal developmental brain anatomy and connectivity should elucidate many neurodevelopmental disorders, ranging from rare congenital malformations to common disorders such as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a prerequisite for better diagnosis and treatment of these currently poorly understood diseases.

Brain Development --- diffusion MRI --- fMRI --- Neuroanatomy --- Histology --- microstructure --- connectome --- fetal --- pediatric --- autism

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Electrode microstructures of a high energy and a high power lithium-ion cell were analyzed in 3D using tomographic methods. Calculation of structural parameters enabled a quantitative comparison of the electrodes. To simulate their electrochemical behavior a finite element model was developed which, for the first time, includes a real particle size distribution. This allowed for an identification of the limiting mechanisms during charging and discharging in the electrodes of both cells.

Lithiumionenzelle, Elektrode, Mikrostrukturrekonstruktion, Modellierung, SimulationLithium-ion cell, electrode, microstructure reconstruction, modeling, simulation

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Custom built setups were developed to investigate micro samples during quasistatic and cyclic testing in tension, compression and bending. Micro molded CuAl10Ni5Fe4-samples showed similar fatigue behavior compared to macroscopic samples due to both the sample size and microstructure being scaled down with the manufacturing process. Results from cyclic three-point bending tests on micro molded 3Y-TZP suggested that a minimum crack extension is necessary to develop cyclically degradable shielding.

Ermüdung Mikroguss Aluminiumbronze Zirkonoxid Apparaturresonance custom-built setup microstructure 3Y-TZP