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Two review papers, eight research articles, and one brief report were published in this Special Issue. They showed the rich resources that are present within the genomes of marine microorganisms and discussed the use of recently developed tools and technologies to exploit this genetic richness. Examples include the rational supply of precursors according to the relevant biosynthetic pathway and stress driven discovery together with the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors to facilitate the discovery of new bioactive molecules with potential biopharmaceutical applications. We believe that the content of this Special Issue reflects the current state-of-the-art research in this area and highlights the interesting strategies that are being employed to uncover increasing numbers of exciting novel compounds for drug discovery from marine genetic resources.

Stachybotrys --- isoindolinone biosynthesis --- genome mining --- amino compound --- fibrinolytic activity --- antimicrobial --- marine natural products (MNPs) --- secondary metabolites --- antibacterial --- antifungal --- genome mining --- sponge --- meroterpenoid --- marine natural product --- medicinal chemistry --- biosynthesis --- drug discovery --- bacillibactin --- bacillomycin --- genome mining --- marine Bacillus --- nonribosomal peptides --- marine microorganisms --- Streptomyces pratensis --- polyketide antibiotics --- metal stress technique --- antimicrobial activity --- halo-extremophyles --- archaea --- 16S rRNA metagenomics --- haloenzymes --- Odiel marshlands --- Penicillium chrysogenum --- secondary metabolites --- histone-deacetylase inhibitor --- antibacterial activity --- polyketide synthase --- NdgRyo --- IclR family regulator --- Streptomyces --- fatty acid amide --- genome mining --- Marisediminicola --- Antarctica --- carotenoid --- actinobacteria --- natural products --- gene cluster --- Streptomyces --- comparative genomics --- secondary metabolites --- biosynthetic gene clusters --- phylotype --- ecotype --- Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 40010 --- marine --- genome mining --- polycyclic tetramate macrolactams --- cytotoxicity