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Recent advances in environmental magnetism offer the opportunity to link the magnetic signature of marine and continental rocks to the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic settings that controlled their formation or deposition, as well as to post-depositional events, such as diagenesis, that can alter their primary signature. This Research Topic assembles studies that used state of the art rock magnetic techniques to unravel the causes and effects of catastrophic geological events, including tsunami, meteorite impacts, Archean oxygenation event, geomagnetic reversals, and global climate changes linked to large volcanic eruptions.
paleomagnetism --- rock magnetism --- Geology --- Geophysics --- extreme events
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In this book the electronic transport through rare-earth nanocontacts is investigated. These nanocontacts can be fabricated by the mechanically controlled break-junctions. The conductance through such a nanocontact is strongly influenced by the element's electronic structure. This is probably caused by the variable strength of localization of the 4f states.
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Over the last ten years a fresh air has been blowing in the field of molecular magnetism with the re-introduction of lanthanides ions as spin carriers in magnetic molecules. The strong magnetic moment and huge magnetic anisotropy of lanthanide ions has enabled significant breakthroughs in magnetic blocking temperature and related phenomena. The chemical versatility of these ions is also a strong asset as easy substitution among the lanthanides series enables isotropic, anisotropic or solid-solutions of magnetic molecules. Additionally, their outstanding luminescent properties are key features in rationalizing the single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior and paving the way toward production of multifunctional materials. In this book, selected examples of research on molecular magnetism of lanthanides complexes and networks are presented illustrating the current dynamism of this research field.
Lanthanides --- rare-earths --- molecular magnetism --- neutron scattering --- hybrid networks --- luminescence --- electrical conductivity --- helical ligand --- helicene --- chiral ligand
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As we all know, electrons carry both charge and spin. The processing of information in conventional electronic devices is based only on the charge of electrons. Spin electronics, or spintronics, uses the spin of electrons, as well as their charge, to process information. Metals, semiconductors, and insulators are the basic materials that constitute the components of electronic devices, and these types of materials have been transforming all aspects of society for over a century. In contrast, magnetic metals, half-metals (including zero-gap half-metals), magnetic semiconductors (including spin-gapless semiconductors), dilute magnetic semiconductors, and magnetic insulators are the materials that will form the basis for spintronic devices. This book aims to collect a range of papers on novel materials that have intriguing physical properties and numerous potential practical applications in spintronics.
Heusler alloy --- spin gapless semiconductor --- electronic structure --- spin transport --- quaternary Heusler compound --- first-principle calculations --- physical nature --- electronic property --- magnetism --- bulk CrSi2 --- monolayer CrSi2 --- first-principle --- Heusler alloy --- electronic structure --- magnetism --- doping --- Heusler alloy --- interface structure --- magnetism --- spin polarization --- first-principles method --- half-metallicity --- equiatomic quaternary Heusler compounds --- Nb (100) surface --- Mo doping --- H adsorption --- H diffusion --- first-principles calculation --- quaternary Heusler alloy --- doping --- spin polarization --- half-metallicity --- magnetism --- skyrmion --- Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction --- exchange energy --- magnetic anisotropy --- half-metallic materials --- first-principles calculations --- quaternary Heusler compound --- phase stability --- magnetic properties --- covalent hybridization --- MgBi2O6 --- optical properties --- mechanical anisotropy --- lattice dynamics --- first-principles calculations --- half-metallic material --- first principles --- Prussian blue analogue --- pressure --- n/a
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Molecular magnets show many properties not met in conventional metallic magnetic materials, i.e. low density, transparency to electromagnetic radiation, sensitivity to external stimuli such as light, pressure, temperature, chemical modification or magnetic/electric fields, and others. They can serve as “functional” materials in sensors of different types or be applied in high-density magnetic storage or nanoscale devices. Research into molecule-based materials became more intense at the end of the 20th century and is now an important branch of modern science. The articles in this Special Issue, written by physicists and chemists, reflect the current work on molecular magnets being carried out in several research centers. Theoretical papers in the issue concern the influence of spin anisotropy in the low dimensional lattice of the resulting type of magnet, as well as thermodynamics and magnetic excitations in spin trimers. The impact of external pressure on structural and magnetic properties and its underlying mechanisms is described using the example of Prussian blue analogue data. The other functionality discussed is the magnetocaloric effect, investigated in coordination polymers and high spin clusters. In this issue, new molecular magnets are presented: (i) ferromagnetic high-spin [Mn6] single-molecule magnets, (ii) solvatomagnetic compounds changing their structure and magnetism dependent on water content, and (iii) a family of purely organic magnetic materials. Finally, an advanced calorimetric study of anisotropy in magnetic molecular superconductors is reviewed.
Heisenberg --- S = 1/2 XXZ model --- spin anisotropy --- square lattice --- chain --- rectangular lattice --- Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition --- phase diagram --- quantum magnet --- molecular magnets --- magnetocaloric effect --- octacyanometallates --- critical behaviour --- coordination polymers --- manganese(III) --- salicylamidoxime --- molecular magnetism --- single-molecule magnets --- radical anion --- redox --- magnetism --- antiferromagnetic coupling --- dioxothiadiazole --- molecular magnetism --- octacyanotungstate(V) --- copper(II) --- cyclam --- cyano bridge --- magnetic properties --- ?-d system --- thermodynamic measurement --- superconductivity --- antiferromagnetism --- single crystal heat capacity measurement --- magnetic conductor --- molecular magnets --- spin clusters --- Heisenberg exchange Hamiltonian --- thermodynamics --- inelastic neutron scattering --- exact diagonalization --- Prussian blue analogues --- effect of high pressure --- crystal structure --- magnetic properties --- superexchange interaction
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The Special Edition 'Compounds with Polar Metallic Bonding' is a collection of eight original research reports presenting a broad variety of chemical systems, analytical methods, preparative pathways and theoretical descriptions of bonding situations, with the common aim of understanding the complex interplay of conduction electrons in intermetallic compounds that possess different types of dipoles. Coulombic dipoles introduced by electronegativity differences, electric or magnetic dipoles, polarity induced by symmetry reduction—all the possible facets of the term 'polarity'—can be observed in polar intermetallic phases and have their own and, in most cases, unique consequences on the physical and chemical behaviour. Elucidation of the structure–property relationships in compounds with polar metallic bonding is a modern and growing scientific field which combines solid state physics, preparative chemistry, metallurgy, modern analytic methods, crystallography, theoretical calculations of the electronic state and many more disciplines.
intermetallics --- crystal structure --- group-subgroup --- magnetic properties --- XPS --- coloring problem --- band structure --- structure optimizations --- polar intermetallics --- ternary Laves phases --- electronic structure --- X-ray diffraction --- total energy --- stannides --- plumbides --- alkaline-earth --- polar intermetallics --- symmetry reduction --- chemical bond --- Zintl --- Ca14AlSb11 --- polar intermetallic --- thermoelectric --- COHP method --- bonding analyses --- intermetallic compounds --- nitridometalate --- crystal structure --- powder diffraction --- magnetism --- Zintl compounds --- liquid ammonia --- crystal structure --- n/a
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This Special Issue gathers research from different branches of science and engineering disciplines working on experiments and modelling of nanocomposites into one volume. The Guest Editor welcomes papers dedicated to experimental, computational, and theoretical aspects dealing with many important state-of-the-art technologies and methodologies regarding the synthesis, fabrication, characterization, properties, design, and applications, and both finite element analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, of nanocomposite materials and structures. Full papers covering novel topics, extending the frontiers of the science and technology of nanoreinforced composites are encouraged. Reviews covering topics of major interest will be also considered.
carbon nanotube --- interface --- cohesive element --- equivalent fiber --- CNT agglomeration --- YN --- ScN --- pressure --- elasticity --- ab initio --- stability --- nanocomposites --- Fe3Al --- Fe-Al --- magnetism --- interfaces --- ab initio --- stability --- disorder --- nanoindentation --- graphene/Fe composite --- critical yield strength --- hardness --- elastic modulus --- boron nitride honeycomb --- molecular dynamics simulation --- mechanical property --- piezoelectric property --- interface force fields --- CNTs/epoxy nanocomposites --- coarse-grained model --- molecular dynamics --- 3D fiber-metal laminates --- graphene nanoplatelets --- impact buckling --- delamination buckling --- delamination propagation --- temperature effect
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Research on molecule-based magnetic materials was systematized in the 1980s and expanded rapidly. A Special Issue focusing on molecule-based magnetic substances was published in Magnetochemistry. However, the functionalities of the substances increase daily; therefore, the researchers’ quest is not yet in decline. Research on molecule-based magnetism developed across many fields, including chemistry, physics, material chemistry, and applied physics, and the use of the various functionalities of these molecule-based magnetic substances has greatly influenced research on spin-based devices. In honor of Professor Masahiro Yamashita, who contributed greatly to this field, I have put together a Special Issue that highlights ten groundbreaking articles. The issue is entitled, “A Themed Issue of Functional Molecule-Based Magnets: Dedicated to Professor Masahiro Yamashita on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday”. I wish to thank the authors for their dedicated work, and the referees and editorial staff for the time they invested commenting on the articles.
n/a --- pressure effect --- spin crossover --- graphene oxide --- iron complex --- lanthanide complex --- slow magnetic relaxation --- single-molecule magnet --- crystal structure --- AC susceptibility --- DFT calculation --- lanthanide ions --- slow magnetic relaxation --- single-molecule magnets --- ferromagnetism --- long-range magnetic ordering --- X-ray diffraction --- high pressure --- nickel(II) --- octacyanidoniobate(IV) --- coordination polymers --- two-dimensional (2D) ferrimagnets --- chloranilato --- heterometallic layers --- honeycomb layers --- molecule-based magnets --- 3d/4f metal clusters --- di-2 pyridyl ketone --- magnetism --- cobalt --- lanthanides --- mixed metal Co/Ln clusters --- coordination clusters --- [2
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Clean energy and fuel storage are often required for both stationary and automotive applications. Some of these clean energy and fuel storage technologies currently under extensive research and development include hydrogen storage, direct electric storage, mechanical energy storage, solar–thermal energy storage, electrochemical (batteries and supercapacitors), and thermochemical storage. The gravimetric and volumetric storage capacity, energy storage density, power output, operating temperature and pressure, cycle life, recyclability, and cost of clean energy or fuel storage are some of the factors that govern efficient energy and fuel storage technologies for potential deployment in energy harvesting (solar and wind farms) stations and onboard vehicular transportation. This Special Issue thus serves the need for promoting exploratory research and development on clean energy and fuel storage technologies while addressing their challenges to practical and sustainable infrastructures.
dye-sensitized solar cells --- carbon materials --- Ag nanoparticles --- freestanding TiO2 nanotube arrays --- gas turbine engine --- lean direct injection --- four-point --- low emissions combustion --- carbonate gas reservoirs --- water invasion --- recovery factor --- aquifer size --- production rate --- hydrogen storage --- complex hydrides --- nanocatalyst --- LiNH2 --- MgH2 --- ball milling --- Li-ion batteries --- nanocomposite materials --- cathode --- anode --- binder --- separator --- ionic liquid --- vertically oriented graphene --- electrical double layers --- charge density --- capacitance --- gas storage --- material science --- rock permeability --- synthetic rock salt testing --- Klinkenberg method --- hydrogen storage systems --- hydrogen absorption --- thermochemical energy storage --- metal hydride --- magnetism --- heat transfer enhancement --- Power to Liquid --- Fischer–Tropsch --- dynamic modeling --- lab-scale --- lithium-ion batteries --- simplified electrochemical model --- state of charge estimator --- extended kalman filter --- hot summer and cold winter area --- PCM roof --- comprehensive incremental benefit --- conjugate phase change heat transfer --- lattice Boltzmann method --- large-scale wind farm --- auxiliary services compensation --- battery energy storage system --- optimal capacity --- equivalent loss of cycle life --- hydrogen storage --- porous media --- bacterial sulfate reduction --- methanogenesis --- gas loss --- diffusion --- reactive transport modeling --- PHREEQC --- energy discharge --- bubbles burst --- bubbles transportation --- crystal growth rates --- undercooling --- salt cavern --- leaching tubing --- flutter instability --- flow-induced vibration --- internal and reverse external axial flows --- thermal energy storage (TES) --- slag --- regenerator --- concentrated solar power (CSP) --- quality function deployment (QFD) --- failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) --- thermal energy storage --- electrochemical energy storage --- hydrogen energy storage --- salt cavern energy storage
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