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Recent advances in environmental magnetism offer the opportunity to link the magnetic signature of marine and continental rocks to the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic settings that controlled their formation or deposition, as well as to post-depositional events, such as diagenesis, that can alter their primary signature. This Research Topic assembles studies that used state of the art rock magnetic techniques to unravel the causes and effects of catastrophic geological events, including tsunami, meteorite impacts, Archean oxygenation event, geomagnetic reversals, and global climate changes linked to large volcanic eruptions.

paleomagnetism --- rock magnetism --- Geology --- Geophysics --- extreme events

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Over the last ten years a fresh air has been blowing in the field of molecular magnetism with the re-introduction of lanthanides ions as spin carriers in magnetic molecules. The strong magnetic moment and huge magnetic anisotropy of lanthanide ions has enabled significant breakthroughs in magnetic blocking temperature and related phenomena. The chemical versatility of these ions is also a strong asset as easy substitution among the lanthanides series enables isotropic, anisotropic or solid-solutions of magnetic molecules. Additionally, their outstanding luminescent properties are key features in rationalizing the single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior and paving the way toward production of multifunctional materials. In this book, selected examples of research on molecular magnetism of lanthanides complexes and networks are presented illustrating the current dynamism of this research field.

Lanthanides --- rare-earths --- molecular magnetism --- neutron scattering --- hybrid networks --- luminescence --- electrical conductivity --- helical ligand --- helicene --- chiral ligand

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As we all know, electrons carry both charge and spin. The processing of information in conventional electronic devices is based only on the charge of electrons. Spin electronics, or spintronics, uses the spin of electrons, as well as their charge, to process information. Metals, semiconductors, and insulators are the basic materials that constitute the components of electronic devices, and these types of materials have been transforming all aspects of society for over a century. In contrast, magnetic metals, half-metals (including zero-gap half-metals), magnetic semiconductors (including spin-gapless semiconductors), dilute magnetic semiconductors, and magnetic insulators are the materials that will form the basis for spintronic devices. This book aims to collect a range of papers on novel materials that have intriguing physical properties and numerous potential practical applications in spintronics.

Heusler alloy --- spin gapless semiconductor --- electronic structure --- spin transport --- quaternary Heusler compound --- first-principle calculations --- physical nature --- electronic property --- magnetism --- bulk CrSi2 --- monolayer CrSi2 --- first-principle --- Heusler alloy --- electronic structure --- magnetism --- doping --- Heusler alloy --- interface structure --- magnetism --- spin polarization --- first-principles method --- half-metallicity --- equiatomic quaternary Heusler compounds --- Nb (100) surface --- Mo doping --- H adsorption --- H diffusion --- first-principles calculation --- quaternary Heusler alloy --- doping --- spin polarization --- half-metallicity --- magnetism --- skyrmion --- Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction --- exchange energy --- magnetic anisotropy --- half-metallic materials --- first-principles calculations --- quaternary Heusler compound --- phase stability --- magnetic properties --- covalent hybridization --- MgBi2O6 --- optical properties --- mechanical anisotropy --- lattice dynamics --- first-principles calculations --- half-metallic material --- first principles --- Prussian blue analogue --- pressure --- n/a

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The Special Edition 'Compounds with Polar Metallic Bonding' is a collection of eight original research reports presenting a broad variety of chemical systems, analytical methods, preparative pathways and theoretical descriptions of bonding situations, with the common aim of understanding the complex interplay of conduction electrons in intermetallic compounds that possess different types of dipoles. Coulombic dipoles introduced by electronegativity differences, electric or magnetic dipoles, polarity induced by symmetry reduction—all the possible facets of the term 'polarity'—can be observed in polar intermetallic phases and have their own and, in most cases, unique consequences on the physical and chemical behaviour. Elucidation of the structure–property relationships in compounds with polar metallic bonding is a modern and growing scientific field which combines solid state physics, preparative chemistry, metallurgy, modern analytic methods, crystallography, theoretical calculations of the electronic state and many more disciplines.

intermetallics --- crystal structure --- group-subgroup --- magnetic properties --- XPS --- coloring problem --- band structure --- structure optimizations --- polar intermetallics --- ternary Laves phases --- electronic structure --- X-ray diffraction --- total energy --- stannides --- plumbides --- alkaline-earth --- polar intermetallics --- symmetry reduction --- chemical bond --- Zintl --- Ca14AlSb11 --- polar intermetallic --- thermoelectric --- COHP method --- bonding analyses --- intermetallic compounds --- nitridometalate --- crystal structure --- powder diffraction --- magnetism --- Zintl compounds --- liquid ammonia --- crystal structure --- n/a

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In 1978, Fred Hoyle proposed that interstellar comets carrying several viruses landed on Earth as part of the panspermia hypotheses. With respect to life, the origin of homochirality on Earth has been the greatest mystery because life cannot exist without molecular asymmetry. Many scientists have proposed several possible hypotheses to answer this long-standing L-D question. Previously, Martin Gardner raised the question about mirror symmetry and broken mirror symmetry in terms of the homochirality question in his monographs (1964 and 1990). Possible scenarios for the L-D issue can be categorized into (i) Earth and exoterrestrial origins, (ii) by-chance and necessity mechanisms, and (iii) mirror-symmetrical and non-mirror-symmetrical forces as physical and chemical origins. These scenarios should involve further great amplification mechanisms, enabling a pure L- or D-world.

chirogenesis --- enantiomorphism --- nepheline --- magmatic flow --- etch figures --- origin of life --- biological homochirality --- deracemization --- super-high-velocity impact --- plasma reactor --- absolute asymmetric synthesis --- amino acids --- origin of life --- amino acid handedness --- nucleus–molecular coupling --- chirality --- circularly polarized luminescence --- circular dichroism --- symmetry breaking --- parity violation --- weak neutral current --- tunneling --- Z0 boson --- homochirality --- precision measurement --- homochirality --- circularly polarized light --- asymmetric reaction --- polymer --- ?-strand --- hidden chirality --- two-fold helix --- multi-point approximation --- tilt-chirality --- high dimensional chirality --- spin polarized electrons --- homochirality --- magnetism --- prebiotic --- environmental chirality --- C1- and C2-symmetric catalysts --- chiral field (memory) --- racemic field --- Viedma ripening effect --- Wallach’s rule --- heat capacity --- metal-organic framework --- triethylenediamine (DABCO) molecules --- racemate --- Salam hypothesis --- homochirality --- parity violation --- neutrinos --- gravitation --- enantiomer self-disproportionation --- SDE --- achiral stationary phase --- homochiral and heterochiral aggregates --- chiral separation --- chirality --- genesis of life chirality --- asymmetric autocatalysis --- homochirality --- chirality --- asymmetric synthesis --- Soai reaction --- biological homochirality --- enantioselective reaction --- autocatalysis --- origin of life --- replicators --- bioorganic homochirality --- circularly polarized photon --- spin-polarized lepton --- parity violation in the weak interaction --- symmetry breaking --- assemblies --- supramolecular chirality --- homochirality --- self-assembly --- vortex --- lipid --- supramolecular assembly --- symmetry breaking --- homochirality