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intégration économique --- condition économique --- intégration économique internationale

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The concepts of cultural diversity and cultural identity are at the forefront of the political debate in many western societies. In Europe, the discussion is stimulated by the political pressures associated with immigration flows, which are increasing in many European countries. The imperatives that current immigration trends impose on European democracies bring to light a number of issues that need to be addressed. What are the patterns and dynamics of cultural integration? How do they differ across immigrants of different ethnic groups and religious faiths? How do they differ across host societies? What are the implications and consequences for market outcomes and public policy? Which kind of institutional contexts are more or less likely to accommodate the cultural integration of immigrants? All these questions are crucial for policy makers and await answers. This book aims to provide a stepping stone to the debate. Taking an economic perspective, this edited book presents a current, comparative picture of the process of cultural integration of immigrants across Europe. It documents the main economic debates on the causes and consequences of cultural integration of immigrants, and provides detailed descriptions of the cultural and economic integration process in seven main European countries, including France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. It also compares the European context with the integration of immigrants in the United States.

immigration --- european models of integration --- economic integration --- integration of immigrants --- cultural integration

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Integration ist ein umkämpftes und von vielfältigen Rassismen geprägtes Thema. Dies zeigt sich sowohl in gesellschaftlichen Debatten als auch in der Umsetzung politischer Maßnahmen. In ihrer ethnografischen Fallstudie untersucht Sulamith Hamra die komplexen Dimensionen städtischer Integrationspolitik am konkreten Beispiel von vier sogenannten Stadtteilmütterprojekten in Berlin. Im Fokus der Beobachtung liegen Aushandlungsprozesse um die praktische Realisierung dieser Projekte und deren integrationspolitische und repräsentative Bedeutung. Berliner Stadtteilmütterprojekte und ihre Umsetzungen werden über mehr als zehn Jahre beobachtet und in ihren Logiken und Widersprüchlichkeiten sichtbar gemacht. Die Problematiken fehlender Arbeitsmarktzugänge und die Rolle politischer und medialer Darstellungen von integrationspolitischen Maßnahmen in Deutschland werden dabei in ihrer interaktiven Verschränkung deutlich.

integration --- urban quarter --- mothers

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Au vingtième siècle, l’Allemagne est passée du statut de pays d’émigration à celui de pays d’immigration. L’objet de cet ouvrage est d’analyser, à travers le prisme de l’identité multiple, l’intégration des immigrés allemands à l’étranger ou des immigrés étrangers en Allemagne de manière comparative dans leurs rapports au pays d’origine ou au pays d’accueil, pour déterminer les facteurs d’intégration ou les difficultés rencontrées. Peut-on dégager, en partant d’exemples représentatifs pris dans les divers types de migrations, dans les divers pays d’accueil ou d’origine, des lignes de force communes ? Quels facteurs favorisent un équilibre entre pays d’origine et pays d’accueil ? Quels sont les aspects juridiques, linguistiques, sociologiques, culturels, identitaires qui entrent en jeu ? Les expériences du vingtième siècle peuvent-elles éclairer les problématiques actuelles, en Allemagne comme en France ?

migration --- intégration --- identité --- Allemagne

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Judaism, Christianity and Islam have coexisted in Europe for over 1300 years. The three monotheistic faiths differ in demography, in the moment of their arrival on the continent and in the unequal relations they maintain with power: Christianity was chosen by a large number of inhabitants and became — in spite of important differences according to place and time —a religion of state. The organization of the continent into states and the divisions within Christianity often placed minorities in an unstable and at times painful situation. This partially explains the fight against "heresies", the wars of religions, the expulsion of Jews from several European kingdoms (as well as the expulsion of Muslims from Sicily and the Iberian peninsula), the "Jewish question" in the 19th century up until the Holocaust. Since the 20th century, the debates concerning Islam and concerning public expression of religion are shaped in part by this past. The 13 studies gathered in this volume explore the ways in which states have treated their religious minorities. We study various policies — repression, supervision, integration, tolerance, secularization, indifference — as well as the many ways in which minorities have accommodated the majority’s demands. The relation is by no means one-sided: on the contrary, state policies have created resistance, negotiation (on the legal, political, and cultural fronts) or compromise. Through these precise and original examples, we can see how the protagonists (states, religious institutions, the elite, the faithful) interact, try to convince or influence each other in order to transform practices, invent and implement common norms and grounds, all the while knowing the confessional dimension of "religious" majority and minority does not fully embrace the identity of each citizen in full.

religious minorities --- minorités religieuses --- state --- integration --- l'intégration --- etat