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This book is prepared as a combination of the manuscripts submitted by respected mathematicians and scientists around the world. As an editor, I truly enjoyed reading each manuscript. Not only will the methods and explanations help you to understand more about graph theory, but I also hope you will find it joyful to discover ways that you can apply graph theory in your scientific field. I believe the book can be read from the beginning to the end at once. However, the book can also be used as a reference guide in order to turn back to it when it is needed. I have to mention that this book assumes the reader to have a basic knowledge about graph theory. The very basics of the theory and terms are not explained at the beginner level. I hope this book will support many applied and research scientists from different scientific fields.

Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Mathematics --- Discrete Mathematics --- Graph Theory

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This book compiles all articles within the Research Topic "Neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry of neurodegenerative disorders" published in the journal Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. The call was launched in 2014 and closed in 2015 with 21 articles published. Papers deal on several important topics of neuropsychology -such as language and visuospatial functions- and neuropsychiatry - such us the emotional or motivational spheres - , and the interphase between them. There are also articles on psychometry, brain morphometry, brain connectivity, diagnostic tests and interventional studies. All these articles are focused on neurodegenerative conditions, mostly Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Interestingly, several articles addressed the early stages of these diseases. All together, this Research Topic provides a rich perspective of the research made today around neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. We hope readers enjoy this collection of articles.

Neuropsychology --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neurodegenerative Diseases --- Mild Cognitive Impairment --- Parkinson Disease --- Alzheimer Disease --- Neuroimaging --- Neuropsychological Tests --- Emotions --- graph theory

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This open access book explores the amazing similarity between paths taken by people and many other things in life, and its impact on the way we live, teach and learn. Offering insights into the new scientific field of paths as part of the science of networks, it entertainingly describes the universal nature of paths in large networked structures. It also shows the amazing similarity in the ways humans and other – even nonliving – things navigate in a complex environment, to allow readers to easily grasp how paths emerge in many walks of life, and how they are navigated. Paths is based on the authors recent research in the area of paths on networks, which points to the possible birth of the new science of “paths” as a natural consequence ‘and extension) of the science of “networks.” The approach is essentially story-based, supported by scientific findings, interdisciplinary approaches, and at times, even philosophical points of view. It also includes short illustrative anecdotes showing the amazing similarities between real-world paths and discusses their applications in science and everyday life. Paths will appeal to network scientists and to anyone interested in popular science. By helping readers to step away from the “networked” view of many recent popular scientific books and start to think of longer paths instead of individual links, it sheds light on these problems from a genuinely new perspective. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The path is the goal. The essence behind this short sentence is known to many people around the world, expressed through the interpretations of some of the greatest thinkers like Lao-Tze and Gandhi. It means that it is the journey that counts, not the destination. When speaking about such subjective and intangible things, philosophy and religion are some of the only approaches that are addressed. In this book, the authors address this conventional wisdom from the perspective of natural science. They explore a sequence of steps that leads the reader closer to the nature of paths and accompany him on the search for “the path to paths”.

Popular Science in Mathematics --- Mathematics --- network science --- graph theory --- path --- shortest path --- internet --- brain --- routing policy --- social networks --- artificial networks --- computer networks --- road networks --- open access --- Popular and recreational mathematics

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This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Data Analysis, IDA 2020, held in Konstanz, Germany, in April 2020. The 45 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 114 submissions. Advancing Intelligent Data Analysis requires novel, potentially game-changing ideas. IDA’s mission is to promote ideas over performance: a solid motivation can be as convincing as exhaustive empirical evaluation.

Database Management --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery --- Computing Milieux --- Machine Learning --- Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks --- open access --- data mining --- learning systems --- classification --- clustering --- semantics --- learning algorithms --- supervised learning --- association rules --- social networks --- graphic methods --- neural networks --- artificial intelligence --- computer vision --- correlation analysis --- databases --- education --- engineering --- graph theory --- image analysis --- Databases --- Database programming --- Data mining --- Expert systems / knowledge-based systems --- Information technology: general issues --- Machine learning --- Computer networking & communications

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As the ultimate information processing device, the brain naturally lends itself to being studied with information theory. The application of information theory to neuroscience has spurred the development of principled theories of brain function, and has led to advances in the study of consciousness, as well as to the development of analytical techniques to crack the neural code—that is, to unveil the language used by neurons to encode and process information. In particular, advances in experimental techniques enabling the precise recording and manipulation of neural activity on a large scale now enable for the first time the precise formulation and the quantitative testing of hypotheses about how the brain encodes and transmits the information used for specific functions across areas. This Special Issue presents twelve original contributions on novel approaches in neuroscience using information theory, and on the development of new information theoretic results inspired by problems in neuroscience.

neural network --- Potts model --- latching --- recursion --- functional connectome --- graph theoretical analysis --- eigenvector centrality --- orderness --- network eigen-entropy --- information entropy production --- discrete Markov chains --- spike train statistics --- Gibbs measures --- maximum entropy principle --- pulse-gating --- channel capacity --- neural coding --- feedforward networks --- neural information propagation --- information theory --- mutual information decomposition --- synergy --- redundancy --- integrated information theory --- integrated information --- minimum information partition --- submodularity --- Queyranne’s algorithm --- consciousness --- maximum entropy --- higher-order correlations --- neural population coding --- Ising model --- brain network --- complex networks --- connectome --- information theory --- graph theory --- free-energy principle --- internal model hypothesis --- unconscious inference --- infomax principle --- independent component analysis --- principal component analysis --- goodness --- categorical perception --- perceptual magnet --- information theory --- perceived similarity --- mutual information --- synergy --- redundancy --- neural code --- hippocampus --- entorhinal cortex --- navigation --- neural code --- representation --- decoding --- spike-time precision --- discrimination --- noise correlations --- information theory --- mismatched decoding --- information theory --- neuroscience