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Control systems play an important role in engineering. Fuzzy logic is the natural choice for designing control applications and is the most popular and appropriate for the control of home and industrial appliances. Academic and industrial experts are constantly researching and proposing innovative and effective fuzzy control systems. This book is an edited volume and has 21 innovative chapters arranged into five sections covering applications of fuzzy control systems in energy and power systems, navigation systems, imaging, and industrial engineering. Overall, this book provides a rich set of modern fuzzy control systems and their applications and will be a useful resource for the graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers in the field of electrical engineering.

Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology --- Mathematics --- Fuzzy Logic --- Control Theory

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Since the launch, in 1965, of the key notion of a fuzzy subset by Lotfi A. Zadeh, this concept has succeeded in growing interest and development. Nowadays, it is undoubtedly one of the most powerful and appealing branches of mathematics. Its range of applications is wide and multidisciplinary, starting from computer sciences and artificial intelligence, but also touching on a vast set of scientific disciplines (physics, engineering, medicine, economics, social choice, etc.).The present Special Issue is devoted to introducing new trends on this theory, from an interdisciplinary point of view, and looking for a wide coverage of topics related to fuzzy set and systems.

Fuzzy sets --- Fuzzy logic --- Labels --- Aggregation operators --- Functional equations --- Ordered structures --- Numerical representability --- General topology --- Social choice --- Decision making --- Image processing --- Type-2 fuzzy sets --- Extensions of fuzzy sets --- Fuzzy relations --- Copulas

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This book addresses a key innovative technology for decarbonization of the energy system: hydrothermal processing. It basically consists of treating biomass and wastes in a wet form, under pressure and temperature condition. This approach is becoming more and more attractive, as new feedstock and applications are appearing on the scene of bioeconomy and bioenergy. The hydrothermal processing of various type of biomass, waste, and residues, thus, raised the interest of many researchers and companies around the world, together with downstream upgrading processes and technologies: solid products as biochar, for instance, or liquid ones as crude bioliquids, are finding new market opportunities in circular economy schemes. The Special Issue collects recent innovative research works in the field, from basic to applied research, as well as pilot industrial applications/demo. It is a valuable set of references for those investing time and effort in research in the field.

hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) --- brewer’s spent grains (BSG) --- hydrochar --- acid addition --- two-steps carbonization --- hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) --- Spirulina --- hydroprocessing --- hydrotreating --- upgrading --- hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) --- hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) --- fractional distillation --- drop-in biofuels --- nitrogen distribution --- hydrothermal processes --- Germany --- fuzzy Delphi method --- fuzzy logic cognitive map --- coal --- biomass --- hydrochar --- process economics --- sensitivity analysis --- cost of electricity --- lignin --- biorefinery --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- biocrude --- depolymerization --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- aqueous co-product --- nutrient recovery --- struvite --- EROI --- hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- sewage sludge --- electricity and heat production --- agricultural yield --- primary sludge --- secondary sludge --- deinked sludge --- fiber rejects --- hydrochar --- combustion indices --- fuel properties --- microalgal oils --- microalgae extraction --- lipids --- biofuel --- cell wall disruption --- hydrothermal disintegration --- freeze-dried --- fresh harvested --- Scenedesmus rubescens

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Future buildings require not only energy efficiency but also proper building automation and control system functionalities in order to respond to the needs of occupants and energy grids. These development paths require a focus on occupant needs such as good indoor climate, easy operability, and monitoring. Another area to be tackled is energy flexibility, which is needed to make buildings responsive to the price signals of electricity grids with increasing amounts of fluctuating renewable energy generation installed both in central grids and at building sites. This Special Issue is dedicated to HVAC systems, load shifting, indoor climate, and energy and ventilation performance analyses in buildings. All these topics are important for improving the energy performance of new and renovated buildings within the roadmap of low energy and nearly zero energy buildings. To improve energy performance and, at the same time, occupant comfort and wellbeing, new technical solutions are required. Occupancy patterns and recognition, intelligent building management, demand response and performance of heating, cooling and ventilation systems are some common keywords in the articles of this Special Issue contributing to future highly performing buildings with reliable operation.

ice rinks --- air distribution solutions --- indoor air temperature gradient --- air handling unit configuration --- building energy efficiency --- building performance simulation --- energy and HVAC-systems in buildings --- energy piles --- validation --- floor slab heat loss --- energy --- computer simulations --- predictive rule-based control --- hourly CO2eq. intensity --- demand response --- energy flexibility --- n/a --- indoor environment quality --- thermal comfort --- personalized ventilation --- fuzzy logic --- environmental impact --- device efficiency --- air pollutant --- multi-households --- solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration system --- end-use energy consumption --- heating --- ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) --- intelligent system management --- lighting electrical energy --- national electricity grid --- office building --- Photovoltaic system --- simulation --- Simulink® --- deep renovation --- energy retrofit --- detached house --- multi-objective optimization --- greenhouse gas emissions --- heat pump --- genetic algorithm --- occupancy density --- moisture conditions --- energy use --- indoor air quality --- ventilation rate --- KNX --- Neural Network (NN) --- Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) --- Random Tree (RT) --- Linear Regression (LR) --- Cloud Computing (CC) --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- LMS (Least Mean Squares) Adaptive filter (AF) --- gateway --- monitoring --- occupancy --- prediction --- IBM SPSS --- Intelligent Buildings (IB) --- energy savings

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This book focuses on sustainable energy systems. While several innovative and alternative concepts are presented, the topics of energy policy, life cycle assessment, thermal energy, and renewable energy also play a major role. Models on various temporal and geographical scales are developed to understand the conditions of technical as well as organizational change. New methods of modeling, which can fulfil technical and physical boundary conditions and nevertheless consider economic environmental and social aspects, are also developed.

Active Disturbance Rejection Control --- Probabilistic Robustness --- Monte Carlo --- secondary air regulation --- areal grey relational analysis --- fuzzy rough set --- game theory --- AHP --- uncertainty analysis --- coal-fired power unit --- renewable energy --- biomass --- torrefaction --- grindability --- rotary reactor --- generation system scheduling --- integrated model --- basic plan for long-term electricity supply and demand --- forecasting model for electricity demand --- biomass --- Pinus pinaster --- fuel --- heating value --- fuelwood value index --- energy density --- ash recovery --- peach --- Energy Life-Cycle Assessment --- post-harvest --- fuzzy logic control --- artificial neural networks control --- tidal stream generator --- swell effect disturbance --- doubly fed induction generator --- maximum power point tracking --- capacity investment --- market power --- wind resources --- dynamic planning --- stochastic approach --- levelized cost of energy --- photovoltaic with energy storage system --- HOMER simulation --- LCOE comparison --- sensitivity analysis --- transient impact --- renewable energy source penetration --- power system stability --- robust optimization --- renewable energy --- flexibility --- deficit --- uncertainty --- flexible resource --- energy storage systems --- active power harmonics filter --- electrostatic devices --- hysteresis switching --- op-amp --- power electronics --- power supply reliability --- electricity --- manufacturing industry --- choice experiment --- willingness to pay --- nexus concept --- energy modelling --- resource efficiency --- renewable energy --- low-carbon economy --- forecasting --- multilayer perception --- photovoltaic --- sustainable energy --- pseudo-Huber loss --- energy from biomass --- textile industrial sector --- alternative energy --- SWOT analysis --- energy costs --- Internet of Things --- thermodynamic cycle concepts --- sustainability --- modified cycle concepts --- efficiency --- energy systems --- renewable energies --- wind power plants --- hollow rollers --- large bearings