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Perturbations linked to the direct and indirect impacts of human activities during the Anthropocene affect the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems to varying degrees. Some perturbations involve stress to aquatic life, including soil and water acidification, soil erosion, loss of base cations, release of trace metals/organic compounds, and application of essential nutrients capable of stimulating primary productivity. Superimposed onto these changes, climate warming impacts aquatic environments via altering species’ metabolic processes and by modifying food web interactions. The interaction stressors is difficult to predict because of the differential response of species and taxonomic groups, interacting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically. Whenever different trophic levels respond differently to climate warming, food webs are restructured; yet, the consequences of warming-induced changes for the food web structure and long-term population dynamics of different trophic levels remain poorly understood. Such changes are crucial in lakes, where food web production is mainly due to ectotherms, which are highly sensitive to changes in their surrounding environment. Due to its remarkable physical inertia, including thermal stability, global warming also has a profound effect on groundwater ecosystems. Combining contemporary and palaeo data is essential to understand the degree to which mechanisms of stressors impact on lake biological communities and lake ecosystem functioning. The degree to which alterations can affect aquatic ecosystem structure and functioning also requires functional diversity to be addressed at the molecular level, to reconstruct the role different species play in the transfer of material and energy through the food web. In this issue, we present examples of the impact of different stressors and their interaction on aquatic ecosystems, providing long-term, metabolic, molecular, and paleolimnological analyses.

aquatic insects --- endemic species --- EPT taxa --- species conservation --- random forest model --- nonmetric multidimensional scaling --- stream ecosystem --- biodiversity --- distribution patterns of species --- environmental factor --- multiple scale --- multivariate analyses --- machine learning model --- metabolism --- respirometry --- copepods --- crustaceans --- groundwater --- porous aquifer --- Cyanobacteria --- colonization --- Tychonema bourrellyi --- Planktothrix rubescens --- deep lake --- stability --- PCA --- Danjiangkou Reservoir --- plankton --- high throughput sequencing --- generalized procrustes analysis --- bioassessment --- biodiversity --- environmental change --- fossil Cladocera --- functional diversity --- paleolimnology --- ecological resilience --- subalpine lakes --- Stable Isotopes Analysis --- trophic gradient --- small lakes --- zooplankton --- functional diversity --- zooplankton --- seasonality --- stable isotope analysis --- trophic interactions --- Danjiangkou Reservoir --- South–North Water Diversion Project --- non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) --- PERMANOVA --- lab-microcosms --- ammonium impact --- nitrification --- trophic degree --- lake vulnerability --- genetic variability --- adaptation --- freshwater pollution --- risk assessment

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This Special Issue Book, “Marine Bioactive Peptides: Structure, Function, andTherapeutic Potential"" includes up-to-date information regarding bioactivepeptides isolated from marine organisms. Marine peptides have been found invarious phyla, and their numbers have grown in recent years. These peptidesare diverse in structure and possess broad-spectrum activities that have greatpotential for medical applications. Various marine peptides are evolutionaryancient molecular factors of innate immunity that play a key role in host defense.A plethora of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral,anticancer, anticoagulant, endotoxin-binding, immune-modulating, etc., makemarine peptides an attractive molecular basis for drug design. This Special IssueBook presents new results in the isolation, structural elucidation, functionalcharacterization, and therapeutic potential evaluation of peptides found inmarine organisms. Chemical synthesis and biotechnological production of marinepeptides and their mimetics is also a focus of this Special Issue Book.

sea cucumber --- ACE-inhibitory peptide --- molecular docking --- structure-activity relationship --- plastein reaction --- Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- peptide --- molecular docking --- SHRs --- prostate cancer --- Anthopleura anjunae oligopeptide --- DU-145 cells --- PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway --- cod skin --- NA-inhibitory peptide --- influenza virus --- neuraminidase --- molecular docking --- adsorption --- host defense peptide --- antimicrobial peptide --- anti-LPS factor --- host?microbe relationship --- functional diversity --- invertebrate immunity --- crustacean --- antimicrobial activity --- antimicrobial peptide --- polychaeta --- innate immunity --- BRICHOS domain --- recombinant peptide --- ?-helix --- Rana-box --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- antimicrobial peptide --- cytotoxicity --- ?-hairpin --- polyphemusins --- tachyplesins --- cell death --- signaling pathways --- Neptunea arthritica cumingii --- multi-functional peptides --- antioxidant activity --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- anti-diabetic activity --- Arenicola marina --- antimicrobial peptides --- arenicin --- complement --- C3a --- acid-sensing ion channel --- animal models --- pain relief --- toxin --- Ugr 9-1 --- APETx2 --- hairtail (Trichiurus japonicas) --- muscle --- peptide --- antioxidant activity --- half-fin anchovy hydrolysates --- Maillard reaction products --- antibacterial peptide --- identification --- self-production of hydrogen peroxide --- membrane damage --- Perinereis aibuhitensis --- decapeptide --- lung cancer --- cell proliferation --- apoptosis --- conotoxins --- conopeptides --- computational studies --- molecular dynamics --- machine learning --- docking --- review --- drug design --- ion channels --- Conus --- conotoxin --- transcriptome sequencing --- phylogeny --- venom duct --- abalone --- peptide --- vasculogenic mimicry --- metastasis --- MMPs --- HIF-1? --- dexamethasone --- myotube atrophy --- protein synthesis --- proteolytic system --- Pyropia yezoensis peptide --- PYP15 --- QAGLSPVR --- antihypertensive effect --- Caco-2 cell monolayer --- transport routes --- oyster zinc-binding peptide --- peptide-zinc complex --- caco-2 cells --- intestinal absorption --- zinc bioavailability --- Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate (CPPH) --- Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate-calcium chelate (CPPH-Ca) --- calcium absorption --- gene expression --- gut microbiota --- cone snails --- conotoxins --- ion channels --- function --- structure --- marine peptides --- arenicin-1 --- molecular symmetry --- structure–activity relationship --- antibacterial --- cytotoxic --- chemical synthesis --- molecular dynamics --- tilapia --- HUVEC --- angiotensin II --- NF-?B --- Nrf2 --- endothelial dysfunction --- conotoxin --- cone snail --- Conus --- Conus ateralbus --- Kalloconus --- n/a