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There is an increasing acknowledgement in the engineering community that the response to this challenge, that is, prevention of catastrophic failure, generally requires a systems approach and necessitates engagement of a large pool of multidisciplinary expertise and the deployment of tools for systems analysis. This multidisciplinary pool includes materials science, structural analysis, manufacturing technologies, quality control and evaluation, mathematics, physics, and probability and reliability. Furthermore, from the scientific point of view, there is also an increasing acknowledgement that addressing the complex engineering problems of today requires the use of concepts and approaches that can account for size and time scaling effects. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work aimed at understanding and deploying physics of fatigue and failure techniques, advancing experimental and theoretical failure analysis, modelling of the structural response with respect to both local and global failures, and structural design that accounts for scale and time effects in preventing engineering failures.

Fatigue --- Design --- Crack growth --- Fracture

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Silicon nitride is used for challening applications like cutting inserts or forming rolls. The extreme strength and toughness of the material is achieved by an interaction between the microstructure and fracture behaviour on the microlevel. In order to understand these mechanisms, detailed unit cells have been defined and used for the determination of the effective fracture properties. The results have been used for the implementation of an effective continuum damage mechanics model.

silicon nitride, finite element simulation, fracture, toughness, structure

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This Special Issue "Advanced Nanoindentation in Materials" contains some of the latest developments in the field of small-scale contact mechanics for a wide range of materials and biological cells. The featured manuscript revealed a new ultra-high strain rate nanoindentation method that will enable new scientific understanding of time-dependent material properties. The book also presents unique material properties of super alloys and other structural materials characterized by indentation methods. In addition to engineering materials, deformation behaviors of live cancer cells on sharp pillar structures were discussed in this book with the hope to stimulate interest in the mechanical contact behaviors of biological cells.

nanoindentation --- plastic deformation --- cells --- cement --- soft materials --- digital image correlation --- fracture

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Since the internal condition directly influences the calculated component resistance by using cast steel, the requirement of a quality grade already has to be determined during the design and planning phase. However, there is currently no decision-making on the selection of a quality level depending on the load. Therefore, two design concepts are developed for the load-bearing capacity of steel castings depending on the grades.

Stahlguss, Bemessung, vorwiegend ruhende Beanspruchung, Sprödbruch, Ungänzen, FehlerCast steel, dimension, static stress, brittle fracture, discontinuities, defects

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This new open access edition supported by the Fragility Fracture Network aims at giving the widest possible dissemination on fragility fracture (especially hip fracture) management and notably in countries where this expertise is sorely needed. It has been extensively revised and updated by the experts of this network to provide a unique and reliable content in one single volume. Throughout the book, attention is given to the difficult question of how to provide best practice in countries where the discipline of geriatric medicine is not well established and resources for secondary prevention are scarce. The revised and updated chapters on the epidemiology of hip fractures, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, surgery, anaesthesia, medical management of frailty, peri-operative complications, rehabilitation and nursing are supplemented by six new chapters. These include an overview of the multidisciplinary approach to fragility fractures and new contributions on pre-hospital care, treatment in the emergency room, falls prevention, nutrition and systems for audit. The reader will have an exhaustive overview and will gain essential, practical knowledge on how best to manage fractures in elderly patients and how to develop clinical systems that do so reliably.

Geriatrics/Gerontology --- Orthopedics --- Anesthesiology --- Emergency Medicine --- Nursing --- Geriatrics --- Orthopaedics --- Hip Fracture --- Osteoporosis --- Fragility fracture --- Elderly --- Rehabilitation --- Peri-operative complications --- Comorbidities --- Frailty --- Falls --- Open Access --- Multidisciplinary approach --- Geriatric medicine --- Surgical orthopaedics & fractures --- Anaesthetics --- Accident & emergency medicine