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There is an increasing acknowledgement in the engineering community that the response to this challenge, that is, prevention of catastrophic failure, generally requires a systems approach and necessitates engagement of a large pool of multidisciplinary expertise and the deployment of tools for systems analysis. This multidisciplinary pool includes materials science, structural analysis, manufacturing technologies, quality control and evaluation, mathematics, physics, and probability and reliability. Furthermore, from the scientific point of view, there is also an increasing acknowledgement that addressing the complex engineering problems of today requires the use of concepts and approaches that can account for size and time scaling effects. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work aimed at understanding and deploying physics of fatigue and failure techniques, advancing experimental and theoretical failure analysis, modelling of the structural response with respect to both local and global failures, and structural design that accounts for scale and time effects in preventing engineering failures.

Fatigue --- Design --- Crack growth --- Fracture

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Silicon nitride is used for challening applications like cutting inserts or forming rolls. The extreme strength and toughness of the material is achieved by an interaction between the microstructure and fracture behaviour on the microlevel. In order to understand these mechanisms, detailed unit cells have been defined and used for the determination of the effective fracture properties. The results have been used for the implementation of an effective continuum damage mechanics model.

silicon nitride, finite element simulation, fracture, toughness, structure

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This Special Issue "Advanced Nanoindentation in Materials" contains some of the latest developments in the field of small-scale contact mechanics for a wide range of materials and biological cells. The featured manuscript revealed a new ultra-high strain rate nanoindentation method that will enable new scientific understanding of time-dependent material properties. The book also presents unique material properties of super alloys and other structural materials characterized by indentation methods. In addition to engineering materials, deformation behaviors of live cancer cells on sharp pillar structures were discussed in this book with the hope to stimulate interest in the mechanical contact behaviors of biological cells.

nanoindentation --- plastic deformation --- cells --- cement --- soft materials --- digital image correlation --- fracture

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Since the internal condition directly influences the calculated component resistance by using cast steel, the requirement of a quality grade already has to be determined during the design and planning phase. However, there is currently no decision-making on the selection of a quality level depending on the load. Therefore, two design concepts are developed for the load-bearing capacity of steel castings depending on the grades.

Stahlguss, Bemessung, vorwiegend ruhende Beanspruchung, Sprödbruch, Ungänzen, FehlerCast steel, dimension, static stress, brittle fracture, discontinuities, defects

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In this Special Issue of Metals, an open access forum is provided for publishing original papers that the covers direct and effective correlations between a wide range of thermomechanical processing routes and generated microstructure, hence, the final physical and mechanical properties of the materials. The following aspects of the science and engineering of various metals and alloys are covered in this book:• Original research studies that relate to the understanding of the properties obtained following specific processing/heat treatment route (Experimental, theoretical, and simulation modeling).• Understanding the mechanisms involved in microstructure evolution and phase transformation during processing of materials, specifically as they relate to the understanding of final mechanical properties.• Nano/micro/macro structure characterization and chemistry of metals/alloys used in automotive, power generation, nuclear, aerospace, and medical applications.• Micro/macro texture devolvement during thermo-mechanical processing of metals/alloys.

Metals --- Alloys --- Microstructure --- Deformation --- Microtexture --- Mechanical Property --- Fracture Mechanics --- Texture --- Material Characterisation --- Grain Boundary --- Dislocation --- Slip System --- Twinning --- EBSD