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Stresses in the vicinity of the crack tips are responsible for failure of crack-containing components. The singular stress contribution is characterised by the stress intensity factor K, the first regular stress term is represented by the so-called T-stress. Whereas in the main volume, IKM 50, predominantly one-dimensional cracks were considered in homogeneous materials, this supplement volume compiles new results on one-dimensional and two-dimensional cracks.
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There is an increasing acknowledgement in the engineering community that the response to this challenge, that is, prevention of catastrophic failure, generally requires a systems approach and necessitates engagement of a large pool of multidisciplinary expertise and the deployment of tools for systems analysis. This multidisciplinary pool includes materials science, structural analysis, manufacturing technologies, quality control and evaluation, mathematics, physics, and probability and reliability. Furthermore, from the scientific point of view, there is also an increasing acknowledgement that addressing the complex engineering problems of today requires the use of concepts and approaches that can account for size and time scaling effects. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work aimed at understanding and deploying physics of fatigue and failure techniques, advancing experimental and theoretical failure analysis, modelling of the structural response with respect to both local and global failures, and structural design that accounts for scale and time effects in preventing engineering failures.
Fatigue --- Design --- Crack growth --- Fracture
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L'arrivée de l'internet fait figure de révolution : technologique, intellectuelle, idéologique, sociologique. Cet ouvrage a pour ambition de poser quelques jalons théoriques et historiques : l'internet est une technologie du « temps long », un des avatars des modes de calcul et de pensée connus en Mésopotamie, en Iran, et plus près de nous, de la machine à calculer de Turing ; comme l'imprimerie lors de son invention, l'arrivée de l'internet impose une modification des modes de production de l'écrit, de la pensée et de sa transmission. Ce sont ces voies, nouvelles en ce qu'elles ne posent pas l'internet comme une rupture brutale avec toute histoire antérieure, qui sont explorées par Henri Desbois, Éric Guichard, Clarisse Herrenschmidt, Paul Mathias et Philippe Rygiel. Les auteurs sont tous membres fondateurs de l'équipe de recherche Réseaux, Savoirs & Territoires de l'École normale supérieure - Ulm (Paris)
Internet --- fracture numérique --- ordinateur --- philosophie
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Silicon nitride is used for challening applications like cutting inserts or forming rolls. The extreme strength and toughness of the material is achieved by an interaction between the microstructure and fracture behaviour on the microlevel. In order to understand these mechanisms, detailed unit cells have been defined and used for the determination of the effective fracture properties. The results have been used for the implementation of an effective continuum damage mechanics model.
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Failure of cracked components is governed by the stresses in the vicinity of the crack tip. The singular stress contribution is characterised by the stress intensity factor K, the first regular stress term is represented by the so-called T-stress. Sufficient information about the stress state is available, if these two parameters are known Results for K and T are compiled in form of figures, tables, and approximate relations.
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This Special Issue "Advanced Nanoindentation in Materials" contains some of the latest developments in the field of small-scale contact mechanics for a wide range of materials and biological cells. The featured manuscript revealed a new ultra-high strain rate nanoindentation method that will enable new scientific understanding of time-dependent material properties. The book also presents unique material properties of super alloys and other structural materials characterized by indentation methods. In addition to engineering materials, deformation behaviors of live cancer cells on sharp pillar structures were discussed in this book with the hope to stimulate interest in the mechanical contact behaviors of biological cells.
nanoindentation --- plastic deformation --- cells --- cement --- soft materials --- digital image correlation --- fracture
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Dear Colleagues,Determinations of the indentation hardness properties of crystals have expanded to cover the full characterizations of their important elastic, plastic and cracking behaviors, particularly as accomplished with the increased measuring capabilities of nanoindentation hardness testing. No crystal structure of any bonding type is either too soft or too hard to prevent measurement with a suitable probing indenter. The current Special Issue is devoted to surveying the topic with emphasis given in a collection of reports to: (1) the diversity of crystals being tested; (2) the variety of measuring techniques; and (3) the wealth of information being obtained.Prof. Dr. Ron ArmstrongDr. Stephen WalleyProf. Dr. Wayne L. ElbanGuest Editors
indentation hardness --- nanoindentation testing --- elastic loading --- plastic deformation --- indentation fracture mechanics
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Since the internal condition directly influences the calculated component resistance by using cast steel, the requirement of a quality grade already has to be determined during the design and planning phase. However, there is currently no decision-making on the selection of a quality level depending on the load. Therefore, two design concepts are developed for the load-bearing capacity of steel castings depending on the grades.
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The aim of the present work is to describe the deformation and fracture behavior of single crystal tungsten at the microscopic scale by using the ?nite element method. Therefore, the studies focus mainly on the in?uence of crystal orientation as well as the investigation of crack initiation and crack propagation. With a defined crack propagation model, the simulations of microbending allows for evaluating the details of the fracture process more accurately and supported the experimental studies.
Wolframeinkristall --- Mikrorißbildung --- Bruchzähigkeit --- Finite Elemente --- KristallplastizitätSingle Crystal Tungsten --- Microcracking --- Fracture toughness --- Finite elements --- Crystal plasticity
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This new open access edition supported by the Fragility Fracture Network aims at giving the widest possible dissemination on fragility fracture (especially hip fracture) management and notably in countries where this expertise is sorely needed. It has been extensively revised and updated by the experts of this network to provide a unique and reliable content in one single volume. Throughout the book, attention is given to the difficult question of how to provide best practice in countries where the discipline of geriatric medicine is not well established and resources for secondary prevention are scarce. The revised and updated chapters on the epidemiology of hip fractures, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, surgery, anaesthesia, medical management of frailty, peri-operative complications, rehabilitation and nursing are supplemented by six new chapters. These include an overview of the multidisciplinary approach to fragility fractures and new contributions on pre-hospital care, treatment in the emergency room, falls prevention, nutrition and systems for audit. The reader will have an exhaustive overview and will gain essential, practical knowledge on how best to manage fractures in elderly patients and how to develop clinical systems that do so reliably.
Geriatrics/Gerontology --- Orthopedics --- Anesthesiology --- Emergency Medicine --- Nursing --- Geriatrics --- Orthopaedics --- Hip Fracture --- Osteoporosis --- Fragility fracture --- Elderly --- Rehabilitation --- Peri-operative complications --- Comorbidities --- Frailty --- Falls --- Open Access --- Multidisciplinary approach --- Geriatric medicine --- Surgical orthopaedics & fractures --- Anaesthetics --- Accident & emergency medicine
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