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Central issues in global energy are discussed through interdisciplinary dialogue between experts from both North America and Europe with overview from historical, political, and socio-cultural perspectives, outlining the technology and policy issues facing the development of major conventional and renewable energy sources. We are facing a global energy crisis caused by world population growth, an escalating increase in demand, and continued dependence on fossil-based fuels for generation. It is widely accepted that increases in greenhouse gas concentration levels, if not reversed, will result in major changes to world climate with consequential effects on our society and economy. This is just the kind of intractable problem that Purdue University’s Global Policy Research Institute seeks to address in the Purdue Studies in Public Policy series by promoting the engagement between policy makers and experts in fields such as engineering and technology.
 
Major steps forward in the development and use of technology are required. In order to achieve solutions of the required scale and magnitude within a limited timeline, it is essential that engineers be not only technologically-adept but also aware of the wider social and political issues that policy-makers face. Likewise, it is also imperative that policy makers liaise closely with the academic community in order to realize advances. This book is designed to bridge the gap between these two groups, with a particular emphasis on educating the socially-conscious engineers and technologists of the future.
 
In this accessibly-written volume, central issues in global energy are discussed through interdisciplinary dialogue between experts from both North America and Europe. The first section provides an overview of the nature of the global energy crisis approached from historical, political, and sociocultural perspectives. In the second section, expert contributors outline the technology and policy issues facing the development of major conventional and renewable energy sources. The third and final section explores policy and technology challenges and opportunities in the distribution and consumption of energy, in sectors such as transportation and the built environment. The book’s epilogue suggests some future scenarios in energy distribution and use. 

This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.
energy consumption --- energy development --- energy policy --- renewable energy sources
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With the compact warehousing of goods, the main aim is to achieve the highest possible space utilisation rate. Automated compact warehouses only become profitable once they exceed a particular size and throughput. The alternative is to opt for low-cost ground storage systems. This book will examine various technical implementation methods that can be used to realise the GridFlow principle.
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Finally the weekend! The time to escape the dense city to enjoy quieter en-vironments? While leisure occupies a central place in our lifestyles, what is the relationship between urban styles and mobility? Are the inhabitants of city centers more mobile, seeking a greener environment in which to spend their free time? This would be the "barbecue effect," which invites stopping advocating for density and upgrading to suburban styles. This book explores this controversy by examining the cases of Geneva and Zurich, to answer some questions: Does the barbecue effect really exist?
consommation énergétique --- mobility leisure --- loisirs --- hypthèse de compensation --- energy consumption --- zurich --- switzerland --- genève --- microrecensement --- microcensus --- formes urbaines --- mobilités --- geneva --- suisse --- compensation hypothesis --- urban styles
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Energy systems are rapidly transitioning towards decarbonization, thanks in part to innovative digital technologies and changing mobility demands. This open access book examines the decarbonization and digitalization transformation in the transport sector, with a particular focus on energy consumption. By studying historical trends and outlining future scenarios, the authors illustrate the evolution of energy consumption in the transport sector, compare alternative decarbonization strategies, and analyze digitalization trends and their effects on energy consumption. The book addresses a broad readership of both academics and professionals working in the energy and transport industries, as well as readers interested in the ongoing debate over energy, mobility and climate change.
Transportation --- Energy Systems --- R & D/Technology Policy --- Innovation/Technology Management --- Open Access --- Energy transition --- Transportation and Information --- Decarbonisation strategies --- Digitalisation --- Energy Consumption --- Biofuels --- Electrification of transportation --- Energy systems --- Innovative solutions for mobility --- Electrical engineering --- Energy technology & engineering --- Research & development management --- Industrial applications of scientific research & technological innovation
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The Special Issue “Refrigeration Systems and Applications” aims to encourage researchers to address the concerns associated with climate change and the sustainability of artificial cold production systems, and to further the transition to the more sustainable technologies and methodologies of tomorrow through theoretical, experimental, and review research on the different applications of refrigeration and associated topics.
energy consumption --- thermal load --- domestic refrigeration system --- two-phase ejector --- CO2 --- transcritical system --- exergy analysis --- irreversibility --- transiting exergy --- magnetic refrigeration --- magnetocaloric effect --- LaFe13 ? x ? yCoxSiy --- gadolinium --- artificial neural network --- modelling --- twin-screw refrigeration compressor --- CFD --- thermodynamic performance --- P-? indicator diagram --- chiller energy consumption --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- HVAC --- nanofluids --- caloric cooling --- barocaloric --- solid-state cooling --- acetoxy silicone rubber --- Cu nanofluids --- ethylene-glycol nanofluids --- heat transfer --- absorption refrigeration system --- thermodynamic analysis --- calculation model --- LiCl-H2O --- LiBr-H2O --- off-design behaviors --- phase change material --- thermal energy storage --- vapor compression system --- HVAC --- energy efficiency --- distillation --- heat pump --- hydraulic turbine --- refrigerant reclamation --- R-410A --- superheating --- r1234yf --- r1234ze(e) --- HFO --- ejector refrigeration technology --- magnetic refrigeration --- magneto-caloric effect --- coefficient of performance --- eddy currents --- experimental --- parasitic heat load --- modelling
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Irrigation is becoming an activity of precision, where combining information collected from various sources is necessary to optimally manage resources. New management strategies, such as big data techniques, sensors, artificial intelligence, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and new technologies in general, are becoming more relevant every day. As such, modeling techniques, both at the water distribution network and the farm levels, will be essential to gather information from various sources and offer useful recommendations for decision-making processes. In this book, 10 high quality papers were selected that cover a wide range of issues that are relevant to the different aspects related to irrigation management: water source and distribution network, plot irrigation systems, and crop water management.
lined irrigation open-canal --- unmeasured discharges estimation --- hydraulic modelling --- irrigation DSS --- actual evapotranspiration (ETA) --- Calathea --- container-grown plants --- daily water requirements --- ornamental foliage plants --- Stromanthe --- water need index (WNI) --- water resources management --- Aswan High Dam --- weed algorithm --- irrigation demands --- hydropower --- irrigation networks --- combinatorial analysis --- statistical analysis --- pump-as-turbine --- payback period --- irrigation network --- energy consumption --- variable speed --- well --- water depth --- summer maize --- drip irrigation --- evapotranspiration --- crop transpiration --- the stable carbon isotope technique --- rotator spray sprinkler --- low-pressure --- ballistic simulation --- modified drag model --- energy losses --- modelling --- AquaCrop --- calibration --- sugar beet --- irrigation water allocation --- water productivity --- hydraulic model --- variable topography --- energy consumption --- variable speed --- center pivot system --- reclaimed water --- fertigation scheduling --- precision irrigation --- olive orchard --- water-energy nexus --- decision support systems --- soil-water-plant-atmosphere models --- optimization
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This book results from a Special Issue related to the latest progress in the thermodynamics of machines systems and processes since the premonitory work of Carnot. Carnot invented his famous cycle and generalized the efficiency concept for thermo-mechanical engines. Since that time, research progressed from the equilibrium approach to the irreversible situation that represents the general case. This book illustrates the present state-of-the-art advances after one or two centuries of consideration regarding applications and fundamental aspects. The research is moving fast in the direction of economic and environmental aspects. This will probably continue during the coming years. This book mainly highlights the recent focus on the maximum power of engines, as well as the corresponding first law efficiency upper bounds.
renewable energy integration --- shading devices --- BIPV --- thermal comfort --- energy consumption --- Northern Cyprus --- environmental and technological design --- passive cooling systems --- energy need optimisation --- passivhaus --- massive simulation modelling --- regression analysis --- Passivhaus --- thermal transmittance of enclosures --- air infiltration --- annual energy demand --- energy efficiency --- energy efficiency --- dynamic building simulation --- passive house --- building energy performance --- passive strategies --- indoor air quality index --- smart ventilation --- IoT --- microservice --- mobile app --- fan-assisted ventilation --- indoor air quality
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Micro-power domestic organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems and the selection of the expander and the working fluid are presented, analyzed thoroughly, and numerically evaluated. A promising decentralized hybrid PV-SOFC system is investigated for providing useful energy supply to commercial buildings, capable of power and heat generation at a lower cost. A hybrid solar-combined cycle power plant integrated with a packed-bed thermal energy storage system with a novel recycling configuration enables robust control of collector temperature and net power during times of high solar activity. An automated hybrid (solar and biomass) power plant for thermal energy production for indoor space heating loads coverage is presented. A comprehensive and up-to-date literature review is presented of non-iterative methods for the extraction of the single diode model parameters of photovoltaic modules. A prototype custom built two-speed gearbox with a single stage transmission electric vehicle achieves significant reductions in the overall energy consumption. Two new fuzzy models are presented of high concentrator photovoltaics using the high-accuracy Takagi–Sugeno–Kang approach and the ease of interpreting the Mamdani linguistic rules. Finally, the impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects of PHEVs in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy source (RES) penetration are demonstrated through simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island.
ORC --- working fluid --- multi-vane expander --- numerical analysis --- experimental analysis --- hybrid system --- decentralized system --- combined-heat-and-power --- solid oxide fuel cells --- photovoltaic --- thermoeconomic modeling --- concentrated solar power --- hybridization --- thermal energy storage --- simulation --- control --- heating and cooling loads --- biomass-solar combi systems --- buildings energy performance upgrade --- solar collectors’ simulation --- thermal energy storage --- analytical --- explicit --- five parameters --- Lambert W function --- parameters extraction --- photovoltaic (PV) --- review --- single-diode model --- transmission --- electric vehicle --- 2-speed --- gear change --- CVT --- energy consumption --- artificial neural network --- fuzzy rule-based systems --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system --- ad hoc data-driven generation --- high concentrator photovoltaic modules --- maximum power prediction --- vehicle-to-grid (V2G) --- isolated power system dynamic simulation --- primary frequency control (PFC) --- scheduled charging --- aggregator --- battery storage --- renewable energy systems modeling
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Future buildings require not only energy efficiency but also proper building automation and control system functionalities in order to respond to the needs of occupants and energy grids. These development paths require a focus on occupant needs such as good indoor climate, easy operability, and monitoring. Another area to be tackled is energy flexibility, which is needed to make buildings responsive to the price signals of electricity grids with increasing amounts of fluctuating renewable energy generation installed both in central grids and at building sites. This Special Issue is dedicated to HVAC systems, load shifting, indoor climate, and energy and ventilation performance analyses in buildings. All these topics are important for improving the energy performance of new and renovated buildings within the roadmap of low energy and nearly zero energy buildings. To improve energy performance and, at the same time, occupant comfort and wellbeing, new technical solutions are required. Occupancy patterns and recognition, intelligent building management, demand response and performance of heating, cooling and ventilation systems are some common keywords in the articles of this Special Issue contributing to future highly performing buildings with reliable operation.
ice rinks --- air distribution solutions --- indoor air temperature gradient --- air handling unit configuration --- building energy efficiency --- building performance simulation --- energy and HVAC-systems in buildings --- energy piles --- validation --- floor slab heat loss --- energy --- computer simulations --- predictive rule-based control --- hourly CO2eq. intensity --- demand response --- energy flexibility --- n/a --- indoor environment quality --- thermal comfort --- personalized ventilation --- fuzzy logic --- environmental impact --- device efficiency --- air pollutant --- multi-households --- solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration system --- end-use energy consumption --- heating --- ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) --- intelligent system management --- lighting electrical energy --- national electricity grid --- office building --- Photovoltaic system --- simulation --- Simulink® --- deep renovation --- energy retrofit --- detached house --- multi-objective optimization --- greenhouse gas emissions --- heat pump --- genetic algorithm --- occupancy density --- moisture conditions --- energy use --- indoor air quality --- ventilation rate --- KNX --- Neural Network (NN) --- Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) --- Random Tree (RT) --- Linear Regression (LR) --- Cloud Computing (CC) --- Internet of Things (IoT) --- LMS (Least Mean Squares) Adaptive filter (AF) --- gateway --- monitoring --- occupancy --- prediction --- IBM SPSS --- Intelligent Buildings (IB) --- energy savings
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Conventional thermal power generating plants reject a large amount of energy every year. If this rejected heat were to be used through district heating networks, given prior energy valorisation, there would be a noticeable decrease in the amount of fossil fuels imported for heating. As a consequence, benefits would be experienced in the form of an increase in energy efficiency, an improvement in energy security, and a minimisation of emitted greenhouse gases. Given that heat demand is not expected to decrease significantly in the medium term, district heating networks show the greatest potential for the development of cogeneration. Due to their cost competitiveness, flexibility in terms of the ability to use renewable energy resources (such as geothermal or solar thermal) and fossil fuels (more specifically the residual heat from combustion), and the fact that, in some cases, losses to a country/region’s energy balance can be easily integrated into district heating networks (which would not be the case in a “fully electric” future), district heating (and cooling) networks and cogeneration could become a key element for a future with greater energy security, while being more sustainable, if appropriate measures were implemented. This book therefore seeks to propose an energy strategy for a number of cities/regions/countries by proposing appropriate measures supported by detailed case studies.
district heating --- energy efficiency --- baseline model --- energy prediction --- verification --- low temperature district heating system --- biomass district heating for rural locations --- 4th generation district heating --- CO2 emissions abatement --- district heating --- biomass --- energy management in renovated building --- nZEB --- district cooling --- space cooling --- air-conditioning --- hot climate --- thermally activated cooling --- sustainable energy --- Gulf Cooperation Council --- district heating --- energy efficiency --- optimization --- heat pumps --- low temperature networks --- data center --- heat reuse --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- prediction algorithm --- neural networks --- district heating (DH) network --- CFD model --- optimal control --- time delay --- parameter analysis --- low-temperature district heating --- ultralow-temperature district heating --- variable-temperature district heating --- twin-pipe --- thermal-hydraulic performance --- thermal inertia --- hydronic pavement system --- district heating --- primary energy use --- energy system modeling --- greenhouse gas emissions --- district heating --- residential --- domestic --- Scotland --- TRNSYS --- retrofit --- big data frameworks --- data mining algorithms --- machine learning --- energy consumption forecast --- data streams analysis
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