Search results:
Found 11
Listing 1 - 10 of 11 | << page >> |
Sort by
|
Choose an application
This book covers the analysis of Spanish written from the early 16th to the early 19th century, immediately before the Independent period in most Spanish-speaking colonies. It is based on manuscripts such as the Segunda Carta de Relacion (1522) by Hernán Cortès, a rare inquisitorial manuscript known as El Abecedario, old printed books, and published collections of linguistic documents.
Historical Sociolinguistics --- Diversification --- Variation --- Latin America
Choose an application
La filière du jeu vidéo a atteint une maturité dont témoignent une troisième génération de créateurs et l’apparition de nombreux studios de développement. La création joue un rôle essentiel dans cette filière pour permettre un renouvellement de la production de jeux qui tire parti de potentialités techniques en constant développement et de formes renouvelées de jouabilité. Or la création, par ses formes collectives d’organisation au sein des studios et du fait de ses coûts et de ses risques, peine à être reconnue au sein d’une industrie mondialisée où le poids des consoliers et des éditeurs est particulièrement important. Ce sont donc les formes de reconnaissance de cette création (statut, rémunération, organisation sociale, etc.) qui sont explorées dans la perspective de rendre pérenne sa vitalité et, partant, celle du secteur vidéo-ludique en France.
flexibility --- creation --- computer games --- diversification --- employment
Choose an application
Viruses are widely present in nature, and numerous viral species with a variety of unique characteristics have been identified so far. Even now, new emerging or re-emerging viruses are being found or re-found as novel viral classes or as quasi-species. Indeed, viruses are everywhere. Of note, viruses are pivotal as targets and tools of basic and applied sciences. On one hand, portions of the viruses are infectious for animals including humans, and cause various diseases in infected hosts by distinct mechanisms and at a different level of severity. While many of viruses are known to co-exist quietly with their hosts, pathogenic viruses certainly affect and threaten our society as well as individuals to provoke serious medical or economic attention. We should act against certain dreadful and highly infectious viruses as a global problem. Animal RNA viruses can readily mutate to adapt themselves in their hostile environments for their survival. Resultant viruses may sometimes show essentially altered phenotypes from the original parental strains. This fundamental and general property of animal RNA viruses represents major extensive issues of scientific, medical, and/or economic importance. In this Research Topic, we have focused on the high mutability of animal RNA viruses, and selected relevant articles on animal viruses of broad-ranges such as primate lentiviruses, influenza viruses, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, rabies virus, norovirus, picornaviruses, and picobirnavirus. Each article has taken up intriguing aspects of the subject viruses. We are sure that readers acquire important information on virus mutation, adaptation, diversification, and evolution, and hope that researchers in the field related to virology gain some solid hints from the reported articles for further virological and /or medical studies. Finally, we thank all the contributing researchers in this Research Topic, entitled “Highly Mutable Animal RNA Viruses: Adaptation and Evolution”, for their elegant and interesting works.
animal RNA viruses --- mutation --- adaptation --- diversification --- phylogenetic trees
Choose an application
This book contributes to the understanding of smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa through addressing the dynamics of intensification and diversification within and outside agriculture, in contexts where women have much poorer access to agrarian resources than men. It uses a longitudinal cross-country comparative approach, relying on the Afrint dataset—unique household-level longitudinal data for six African countries collected over the period 2002–2013/15. The book first descriptively summarizes findings from the third wave of the dataset. The book nuances the current dominance of structural transformation narratives of agricultural change by adding insights from gender and village-level studies of agrarian change. It argues that placing agrarian change within broader livelihood dynamics outside agriculture, highlighting country- and region-specific contexts is an important analytical adaptation to the empirical realities of rural Africa. From the policy perspective, this book provides suggestions for more inclusive rural development policies, outlining the weaknesses of present policies illustrated by the currently gendered inequalities in access to agrarian resources. The book also provides country-specific insights from Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and Zambia.
sub-saharan africa --- agriculture --- rural livelihoods --- diversification --- commercialization --- gender --- non-farm to farm linkages --- assets
Choose an application
How can South Africa diversify its industrial sector so that it is less dependent on mineral exports, increases labour absorption and reduces unemployment? This book sheds more light on the structure of South Africa’s economy, its industrial sector and inter-sectoral linkages by simulating an economic geography model of the vertical linkages type, by testing linkage strength econometrically and by analysing industrial policy’s role in shaping its development path. It finds that linkages did play an important role in industrial development in South Africa, yet they have often been reinforced by policy interventions. Industrial policy is still geared to benefit the sectors close to the country’s mineral endowment, and thus contributes to South Africa‘s lopsided industrial development.
African --- Development --- Diversification? --- Economic --- Economicevel --- Industrialisation --- Industrielle Entwicklung --- Industriepolitik --- Linkages --- Neue Ökonomische Geographie --- Schwank --- South --- without
Choose an application
For a growing number of countries in Africa the discovery and exploitation of natural resources is a great opportunity, but one accompanied by considerable risks. In Africa, countries dependent on oil, gas, and mining have tended to have weaker long-run growth, higher rates of poverty, and greater income inequality than less resource-abundant economies. In resource-producing economies, relative prices make it more difficult to diversify into activities outside of the resource sector, limiting structural change. Economic structure matters for at least two reasons. First, countries whose exports are highly concentrated are vulnerable to declining prices and volatility. Second, economic diversification matters for long-term growth. This book presents research undertaken to understand how better management of the revenues and opportunities associated with natural resources can accelerate diversification and structural change in Africa. It begins with chapters on managing the boom, the construction sector, and linking industry to the resource—three major issues that frame the question of how to use natural resources for structural change. It then reports the main research results for five countries—Ghana, Mozambique, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zambia. Each country study covers the same three themes—managing the boom, the construction sector, and linking industry to the resource. One message that clearly emerges is that good policy can make a difference. A concluding chapter sets out some ideas for policy change in each of the areas that guided the research, and then goes on to propose some ideas for widening the options for structural change.
Africa --- natural resources --- oil --- gas --- mining --- resource-abundant economies --- economic diversification --- structural change --- long-term growth
Choose an application
This open access book questions the stereotype depicting all Gulf (GCC) economies as not sustainable, and starts a critical discussion of what these economies and polities should do to guarantee themselves a relatively stable future. Volatile international oil markets and the acceleration of the energy transition has challenged the notion that oil revenues are sufficient to sustain oil economies in the near to medium term. But what is the meaning of economic sustainability? The book discusses the multiple dimensions of the concept: economic diversification, continuing value of resources, taxation and fiscal development, labor market sustainability, sustainable income distribution, environmental sustainability, political order (democracy or authoritarianism) and sustainability, regional integration. The overarching message in this book is that we should move on from the simplistic branding of the Gulf economies as unsustainable and tackle the details of which adaptations they might need to undertake.
International Political Economy --- Sustainable Development --- Natural Resource and Energy Economics --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management --- Middle Eastern Politics --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics --- International Relations --- Environmental Social Sciences --- Environmental Economics --- Economy-wide Country Studies --- Open Access --- Sustainability of GCC Development --- New Global Oil Order --- Economic sustainability in resource-rich states --- Gulf Economic Diversification and Sustainable Development --- Political Economy of Diversification --- Economic Transformation vs. Diversification --- Oil and Economic Diversification --- Fiscal dimensions of Economic Sustainability --- Labour Market dimensions of Economic Sustainability --- Hydrocarbon Endowment in the Gulf Region --- Normalizing the Saudi Economy --- Inclusive Growth in the Gulf Region --- Saudi Private Sector’s Contribution to Fiscal Sustainability --- Economic Sustainability and the Energy Transition --- Economic Diversification in the MENA --- Peak Oil and the Energy Transition in the MENA --- Economic Diversification Through Energy Sector Reform --- Energy Pricing Reform in the Gulf Region --- Climate Strategy for Producer Countries --- Political economy --- Sustainability --- Environmental economics --- Energy technology & engineering --- Energy industries & utilities --- Politics & government --- Middle East --- Economics
Choose an application
This book brings together eleven works by scholars within and beyond geography, to argue the case for a continued engagement with smallholder agricultural studies. The research detailed is largely empirical and draws on a wide spectrum of mixed qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The case studies cover a range of geographic locations, including Brazil, Burkina Faso, South Africa, Botswana, Malawi, Madagascar, Vietnam, and the USA, with greatest emphasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Key themes that emerge include the structural and relative nature of "smallholder" as a category, the dynamic reality of smallholder livelihoods, the importance of smallholder farming and land-use practices to questions of environmental sustainability, and the challenges of vulnerability and adaptation in contemporary human–environment systems. Overall these studies show that smallholder studies are more pertinent than ever, especially in the face of finite resources and global environmental change.
adaptation --- agriculture --- agroecology --- climate change --- diversification --- forests --- households --- land management practices --- land tenure --- livelihoods --- poverty --- production chains --- smallholders --- sustainability --- vulnerability and resilience
Choose an application
Developing techniques for assessing various risks and calculating probabilities of ruin and survival are exciting topics for mathematically-inclined academics. For practicing actuaries and financial engineers, the resulting insights have provided enormous opportunities but also created serious challenges to overcome, thus facilitating closer cooperation between industries and academic institutions. In this book, several renown researchers with extensive interdisciplinary research experiences share their thoughts that, in one way or another, contribute to the betterment of practice and theory of decision making under uncertainty. Behavioral, cultural, mathematical, and statistical aspects of risk assessment and modelling have been explored, and have been often illustrated using real and simulated data. Topics range from financial and insurance risks to security-type risks, from one-dimensional to multi- and even infinite-dimensional risks.
aggregate discounted claims --- Markovian arrival process --- partial integro-differential equation --- covariance --- multivariate gamma distribution --- multiplicative background risk model --- aggregate risk --- individual risk model --- collective risk model --- risk measure --- cumulative Parisian ruin --- stochastic orders --- surplus process --- renewal process --- discounted aggregate claims --- copulas --- archimedean copulas --- background risk --- systematic risk --- transfer function --- information processing --- order statistic --- concomitant --- ruin probability --- dual risk model --- constant interest rate --- integral equation --- Laplace transform --- numerical approximation --- maximal tail dependence --- clustering --- financial time series --- weighted cuts --- copula --- national culture --- survival analysis --- hazard model --- rating migrations --- advanced measurement approach --- confidence interval --- Monte Carlo --- operational risk --- value-at-risk --- central limit theorem --- insurance --- max-stable random fields --- rate of spatial diversification --- reinsurance --- risk management --- risk theory --- spatial dependence --- spatial risk measures and corresponding axiomatic approach --- n/a
Choose an application
Accurate energy forecasting is important to facilitate the decision-making process in order to achieve higher efficiency and reliability in power system operation and security, economic energy use, contingency scheduling, the planning and maintenance of energy supply systems, and so on. In recent decades, many energy forecasting models have been continuously proposed to improve forecasting accuracy, including traditional statistical models (e.g., ARIMA, SARIMA, ARMAX, multi-variate regression, exponential smoothing models, Kalman filtering, Bayesian estimation models, etc.) and artificial intelligence models (e.g., artificial neural networks (ANNs), knowledge-based expert systems, evolutionary computation models, support vector regression, etc.). Recently, due to the great development of optimization modeling methods (e.g., quadratic programming method, differential empirical mode method, evolutionary algorithms, meta-heuristic algorithms, etc.) and intelligent computing mechanisms (e.g., quantum computing, chaotic mapping, cloud mapping, seasonal mechanism, etc.), many novel hybrid models or models combined with the above-mentioned intelligent-optimization-based models have also been proposed to achieve satisfactory forecasting accuracy levels. It is important to explore the tendency and development of intelligent-optimization-based modeling methodologies and to enrich their practical performances, particularly for marine renewable energy forecasting.
short-term load forecasting --- weighted k-nearest neighbor (W-K-NN) algorithm --- comparative analysis --- empirical mode decomposition (EMD) --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm --- intrinsic mode function (IMF) --- support vector regression (SVR) --- short term load forecasting --- crude oil price forecasting --- time series forecasting --- hybrid model --- complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) --- sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) --- multi-step wind speed prediction --- Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition --- Long Short Term Memory --- General Regression Neural Network --- Brain Storm Optimization --- substation project cost forecasting model --- feature selection --- data inconsistency rate --- modified fruit fly optimization algorithm --- deep convolutional neural network --- multi-objective grey wolf optimizer --- long short-term memory --- fuzzy time series --- LEM2 --- combination forecasting --- wind speed --- electrical power load --- crude oil prices --- time series forecasting --- improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) --- kernel learning --- kernel ridge regression --- differential evolution (DE) --- artificial intelligence techniques --- energy forecasting --- condition-based maintenance --- asset management --- renewable energy consumption --- Gaussian processes regression --- state transition algorithm --- five-year project --- forecasting --- Markov-switching --- Markov-switching GARCH --- energy futures --- commodities --- portfolio management --- active investment --- diversification --- institutional investors --- energy price hedging --- metamodel --- ensemble --- individual --- regression --- interpolation
Listing 1 - 10 of 11 | << page >> |
Sort by
|