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The global biodiversity and climate emergencies demand transformative changes to human activities. For example, food production relies on synthetic, industrial and non-sustainable products for managing pests, weeds and diseases of crops. Sustainable farming requires approaches to managing these agricultural constraints that are more environmentally benign and work with rather than against nature. Increasing pressure on synthetic products has reinvigorated efforts to identify alternative pest management options, including plant-based solutions that are environmentally benign and can be tailored to different farmers’ needs, from commercial to small holder and subsistence farming. Botanical insecticides and pesticidal plants can offer a novel, effective and more sustainable alternative to synthetic products for controlling pests, diseases and weeds. This Special Issue reviews and reports the latest developments in plant-based pesticides from identification of bioactive plant chemicals, mechanisms of activity and validation of their use in horticulture and disease vector control. Other work reports applications in rice weeds, combination biopesticides and how chemistry varies spatially and influences the effectiveness of botanicals in different locations. Three reviews assess wider questions around the potential of plant-based pest management to address the global challenges of new, invasive and established crop pests and as-yet underexploited pesticidal plants.
Senecio fistulosus --- antifeedant --- sesquiterpene --- pyrrolizidine alkaloid --- structure-activity relationships --- Tetranychus urticae --- resistance --- botanical pesticides --- acaricide --- integrated pest management --- spatial-temporal variation --- chemotype 3 --- deguelin --- rotenoids --- botanical insecticides --- synergism --- neem --- karanja --- Colorado potato beetle --- botanical insecticides --- botanical pesticide --- pesticidal plant --- pest management --- invasive species --- agro-ecological intensification --- sustainable agriculture --- encapsulation --- essential oils --- botanical active substances --- insecticidal activity --- aphids --- anise --- fennel --- oil emulsion entrapment --- spray drying --- Meliaceae --- Melia volkensii --- botanical pesticide --- limonoid --- insect pest --- antifeedant --- growth inhibitor --- induced systemic response --- foliar fertiliser --- rutin --- tryptophan --- phenylalanine --- botanicals --- biopesticide --- organic pesticide --- Y-tube olfactometer --- pyrethrum --- parasitoid --- entomopathogenic fungi --- leaf disc assay --- insect behavior --- survival analysis --- biopesticides --- botanicals --- corn --- insects --- pests --- prospects --- Italian ryegrass --- barnyard grass --- rice --- cover crops --- organic farming --- weed control --- phytotoxic activity
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Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles are the core of integrated approaches to solve this critical challenge. This special issue provides an international basis for revealing the underlying mechanisms of sustainable cropping systems to drive agronomic innovations. It includes review and original research articles that report novel scientific findings on improvement in cropping systems related to crop yields and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, resource use efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, and ecosystem services.
organic cropping system --- maize --- soybean --- wheat --- partial returns --- Zea mais L. --- Triticum aestivum L. --- Helianthus annuus L. --- organic fertilization --- mineral N fertilization --- protein crops --- systematic review --- Europe --- multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) --- potato (Solanum tuberosum) --- shade --- light --- yield --- growth --- quality --- cover crops --- agrobiodiversity --- conventionalization --- system approach --- harvesting strategies --- forage yield and quality --- forage sorghum --- pearl millet --- Texas High Plains --- kura clover --- living mulch --- cover crop --- perennial --- conservation --- nitrogen --- forage --- economics --- farmer’s perception --- maize --- push-pull technology --- stemborer --- no-tillage --- conservation agriculture --- durum wheat --- gluten fractions --- SDS-PAGE analysis --- leguminous cover crop --- vetch --- double cropping --- grain yield --- N uptake --- N use efficiency --- rice --- hierarchical patch dynamics --- cropping system design --- up-scaling --- vineyard system --- complexity --- organization --- cropping systems --- water --- nitrogen --- WHCNS --- scenario analyses --- maize production --- nitrogen use efficiency --- nitrogen nutrition --- Acidic soil --- crop rotation --- enzyme activities --- green manure --- sustainable yield index --- nutrient balance --- crop residue incorporation --- straw decomposition --- residue C and N release --- SOC and STN stocks --- cover crop --- manure --- nitrate --- nitrogen --- cereal rye --- maize --- no-tillage --- cover crop --- irrigation --- weed suppression --- gross margin --- faba bean --- forage pea --- fall grazing --- cover crop --- catch crop --- nutrient cycling --- cropping systems --- sustainable crop production --- agroecology --- nutrient use efficiency --- water use efficiency --- environmental quality
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