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Global crop production must substantially increase to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. This is constrained by the availability of nutrients, water, and land. There is also an urgent need to reduce the negative environmental impacts of crop production. Collectively, these issues represent one of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century. Sustainable cropping systems based on ecological principles are the core of integrated approaches to solve this critical challenge. This special issue provides an international basis for revealing the underlying mechanisms of sustainable cropping systems to drive agronomic innovations. It includes review and original research articles that report novel scientific findings on improvement in cropping systems related to crop yields and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, resource use efficiency, environmental impact, sustainability, and ecosystem services.
organic cropping system --- maize --- soybean --- wheat --- partial returns --- Zea mais L. --- Triticum aestivum L. --- Helianthus annuus L. --- organic fertilization --- mineral N fertilization --- protein crops --- systematic review --- Europe --- multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) --- potato (Solanum tuberosum) --- shade --- light --- yield --- growth --- quality --- cover crops --- agrobiodiversity --- conventionalization --- system approach --- harvesting strategies --- forage yield and quality --- forage sorghum --- pearl millet --- Texas High Plains --- kura clover --- living mulch --- cover crop --- perennial --- conservation --- nitrogen --- forage --- economics --- farmer’s perception --- maize --- push-pull technology --- stemborer --- no-tillage --- conservation agriculture --- durum wheat --- gluten fractions --- SDS-PAGE analysis --- leguminous cover crop --- vetch --- double cropping --- grain yield --- N uptake --- N use efficiency --- rice --- hierarchical patch dynamics --- cropping system design --- up-scaling --- vineyard system --- complexity --- organization --- cropping systems --- water --- nitrogen --- WHCNS --- scenario analyses --- maize production --- nitrogen use efficiency --- nitrogen nutrition --- Acidic soil --- crop rotation --- enzyme activities --- green manure --- sustainable yield index --- nutrient balance --- crop residue incorporation --- straw decomposition --- residue C and N release --- SOC and STN stocks --- cover crop --- manure --- nitrate --- nitrogen --- cereal rye --- maize --- no-tillage --- cover crop --- irrigation --- weed suppression --- gross margin --- faba bean --- forage pea --- fall grazing --- cover crop --- catch crop --- nutrient cycling --- cropping systems --- sustainable crop production --- agroecology --- nutrient use efficiency --- water use efficiency --- environmental quality
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Agriculture is certainly the most important food supplier while it globally accounts for more than 70% of water used and contributes significantly to water pollution. Irrigated agriculture is facing rising competition worldwide for access to reliable, low cost, and high-quality water resources. However, irrigation as the major tool and determinant of affecting agricultural productivity and environmental resources plays a critical role in food security and environment sustainability. Innovative irrigation technologies and practices may enhance agricultural water efficiency and production, in the meantime decrease the water demand and quality issues. I am very pleased to invite you to submit manuscripts in agricultural irrigation which assess current challenges and offer improvement approaches and opportunities for future irrigation.
benchmarking --- evaluation of performance --- performance indicator --- principal component analysis --- climate change adaptation --- irrigated crops --- net irrigation requirements --- crop evapotranspiration --- monthly changes --- irrigation water regimes --- leaf mineral composition --- semi-arid regions --- available water capacity --- biomass production --- total yield --- pumping plants --- energy audit --- life cycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emission --- center-pivot irrigation --- treated wastewater irrigation --- salinization --- model simulation --- global sensitivity analysis --- farming data --- precision agriculture --- site-specific irrigation --- deficit irrigation --- Mediterranean region --- tomato fruit yield --- irrigation water use efficiency --- downy mildew --- drip irrigation --- irrigation management --- organic production --- spinach --- cover crop --- lettuce production --- irrigation --- mulch --- row cover --- temperature variations --- water application rate --- slope gradient --- infiltration depth --- optimal irrigation time
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