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This open access book presents the results from the second cycle of the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2016). Using data from 24 countries in Asia, Europe and Latin America, the study investigates the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. It also responds to the enduring and emerging challenges of educating young people in a world where contexts of democracy and civic participation continue to change. New developments of this kind include the increase in the use of social media by young people as a tool for civic engagement, growing concerns about global threats and sustainable development, as well as the role of schools in fostering peaceful ways of interaction between young people. Besides enabling the evaluation of a wide range of aspects of civic and citizenship education, including those related to recent developments in a number of countries, the inclusion of test and questionnaire material from the first cycle of the study in 2009 allows the results from ICCS 2016 to be used to examine changes in civic knowledge, attitudes and engagement over seven years.

Civic education --- ICCS --- IEA Educational Achievement --- Civic knowledge --- Civics and citizenship --- Attitudes to civic life --- Engagement with civic life --- Civic participation

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There is currently much discourse about generations in the public sphere. A sequence of letters conflates generations and age cohorts born in the last few decades (generation “X”, “Y” or “Z”) as well as multiple categories are used to describe today’s young people as a generation that is distinct from its predecessors. Despite the popularity of generational labels in media, politics, or even academia, the use of generation as a conceptual tool in youth studies has been controversial. This Special Issue allows readers to better understand the key issues regarding the use of generation as a theoretical concept and/or as a social category in the field of youth studies, shedding light on the controversies, trends, and cautions that go through it.

Arab Spring --- politics --- Tunisia --- youth --- young people --- political participation --- neoliberalism --- democracy --- Neoliberalism --- Political Participation --- Postmaterialism --- Political Consumerism --- Young people --- civic participation --- youth volunteering --- generations --- individualization --- individualism --- work values --- cohort differences --- generational differences --- age-period-cohort analysis --- youth --- generation --- sociology --- epistemology --- postcolonial studies --- Guinea --- Uganda --- Africa --- globalization --- Mannheim --- Karl --- political engagement --- political participation --- young people --- focus groups --- transitions --- adulthood --- generations --- Portugal --- life course --- generation --- transitions --- youth --- social class --- generations --- media --- digital divide --- youth studies --- generations --- political socialization --- political discontent --- political behavior --- trust in institutions --- democracy satisfaction --- transitions to adulthood --- young body --- generation --- somatic cultures --- Portugal --- sociology --- social history --- transition to adulthood --- adulthood --- generations --- Italy