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This study gives fresh insight into the interaction between technical requirements, environmental resources and material implementation. It is the first scientific approach in studying the Himalayan earthen heritage in a wide scope and connecting material research and cultural heritage from various perspectives - in particular archaeology, architecture, research on materials and building techniques.
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Industrialized housing has been a common phenomenon in the building industry since the industrial revolution; the casting of iron components enabled Victorian iron casters to prefabricate entire buildings and to export them to all British colonies. It got a second boost from Modernist architects like Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann; and a third boost in the US when the soldiers came back from the Second World War in 1945 and wanted to buy a ready-made house. In the later decades of the 20th century composite prototypes were built. Timber frame houses are extremely popular in low density areas worldwide. For densely populated areas housing is now firmly attached to reinforced concrete. The contracting industries have developed efficient building methods for the concrete structures on which separate systems of claddings are fixed to form a house.However, in the coming decades, designers, builders and scientists also have to keep the environment in mind, working with a minimal amount of materials, and for minimizing embodied energy and energy use. In the coming age minimal embodied energy and low ecological footprints are renewed values that will be added to energy-positive housing and that will have an influence on the building technology of the future. This will lead to a reformation of the building vocabulary. Other materials will have to be chosen and developed to function in building elements and components.
architecture --- building methods --- industrialized housing --- building technology --- energy-positive housing
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Die Stadt Göttingen beherbergt viele und wichtige mittelalterliche Kirchen. Das Panorama der Baugeschichten, der Nutzungen und der Formenvielfalt reicht vom 13. zum 16. Jahrhundert und sogar bis in die Gegenwart, da die Kirchen auch später immer wieder verändert worden sind. Die Kirchenbauten sind das sichtbarste Zeugnis einer längst vergangenen Epoche. Das Buch hebt diesen Schatz und nimmt den Leser auf eine Zeitreise mit, bei der die sechs erhaltenen Kirchen in bisher nie dagewesener Weise ausführlich untersucht werden.
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The Coombs Building at The Australian National University is a Canberra icon. Named after one of Australia’s greatest administrators and public intellectuals—‘Nugget’ Herbert Cole Coombs—for more than forty years the building has housed two of the University’s four foundational Schools: the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies and the Research School of Social Sciences. This volume of recollections is about the former. It looks at life in the building through the prism of personal experience and happenstance. Part memoir, part biography, and part celebration, this book is about the people of Coombs, past and present. Through evocative and lucid reflections, present and former denizens of the building share their passions and predilections, quietly savour their accomplishments and recall the failings and foibles of the past with a kindly tolerance.
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Policies intended to bring stability to fragile states tend to focus almost exclusively on building institutions and systems to get governance right. Simply building the state is often seen as sufficient for making it stable and legitimate. But policies like these, René Grotenhuis shows in this book, ignore the question of what makes people belong to a nation-state, arguing that issues of identity, culture, and religion are crucial to creating the sense of belonging and social cohesion that a stable nation-state requires.
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This paper assesses coordination as a salient capability of international interventions in complex settings characterised by weak states, the dominance of political elites whose interest in reforms is questionable and multiple local and international stakeholders. It focuses on the challenge of integrating a range of national and international actors and multiple policy domains, assessing this operational capability in terms of a Whole-of-Society approach. Using the example of the EU’s intervention in Kosovo through the mechanisms of the EULEX mission, and the EU-facilitated Dialogue between Serbia and Kosovo, the paper argues that the EU’s impact in Kosovo was weakened by its limited ability to include and engage a broad range of local stakeholders. While a Whole-of-Society approach could address this weakness, the paper also argues that a better understanding of the context-specific opportunities and limitations placed on international organisations like the EU is needed.
Peace --- state-building --- Kosovo --- international interventions --- EU
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This book is the direct outcome of a panel on Timor-Leste entitled «How to build a new nation?» and organized in September 2007 in the framework of the EUROSEAS Congress in Naples. Among the more than 40 panels held, Timor-Leste's had been remarkably dense, with 20 presentations given by American, Australian, Brazilian, East-Timorese, French, German, Portuguese and Spanish researchers. At the time of this congress, the major event of 2006, which two years after continued to be called “the crisis”, was still foremost in people's minds, conversations, and researches. While other events or forewarning episodes had taken place before that date, no doubt that the crisis of 2006/2007 had finally prove to be a turning point, for the country itself, and maybe even more so for international actors. Though presented at first as a United Nations' success story, especially when the territory was under UN management from October 1999 (withdrawal of the Indonesian army) until 20 May 2002 (independence of the country), the unity of Timor-Leste was then in peril, deceiving the expectations that had prevailed during the resistance years. Its climax was the conflict between “those from the West” and “those from the East” (“Loromonu-Lorosae” or Firaku-Kaladi), and a violence which caused a wave of internal refugees (around 150,000 IDP- Internally Displaced People). Beyond the causes and effects of this political and military crisis which had then spread to civil society, the “crisis” had also directly or indirectly revealed a certain number of dysfunctions, notably the deficiencies of the UN preparations of independence and of the capacity of East Timorese governing bodies to manage and organize the country.
society --- Independence --- East-Timor --- Indonesia --- nation building
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Written by a practicing business attorney with startup experience in the environmental and technology sectors, Green Entrepreneur Handbook: The Guide to Building and Growing a Green and Clean Business assists entrepreneurs in tackling the wide variety of opportunities to go green. It helps you incorporate clean technology, environmental practices, and green business approaches into your work environment. Part IThe first section of the book lays the groundwork for any new entrepreneur to understand the history of the environmental and clean technology movements. The author explains the motivation of greentrepreneurs, the drivers of the green revolution into the future, and how to find the right market for your solution. Part IIThe next section takes a new business from initial idea to sales of the product or service. The book addresses where greentrepreneurs can find ideas around which to build a business; how to form a company to execute the business concept; how to find and retain founders, employees, advisors, and directors; how to raise money and make sales; and the importance of intellectual capital and assets. Part IIIEmphasizing aspects unique to the green business environment, the third part provides a sound understanding of utilities and energy generation and distribution and explores funding through project finance. It also looks at the players and process of selling to the government; the federal, state, and local regulatory impacts; government incentives and tax programs designed to spur clean technology development; and grants, loans, and other funds as sources of capital. Part IVIn the fourth section, the author covers lessons learned and emerging challenges.
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Les carrières de la Couronne, sur la commune de Martigues, ont été exploitées depuis au moins le IIIe s. av. J.-C. jusqu’au XXe s., avec une utilisation massive à certaines périodes, comme la fin de l’époque hellénistique (IIe-Ier s. av. J.-C.) ou le XVIIe. L’ouvrage propose d’abord un inventaire des carrières, situant chaque exploitation et proposant pour chacune, lorsque c’est possible, une chronologie. L’étude des carrières antiques et médiévales est particulièrement difficile parce que la réouverture de ces exploitations au cours d’époques plus récentes en a fait disparaître les traces. On aborde ensuite la question du transport des matériaux, à la fois par voie terrestre, à courte distance, et surtout pour l’accès aux ports d’embarquement, puis par voie maritime, pour laquelle on dispose de quelques épaves antiques et d’une documentation importante d’archives à l’époque moderne. La troisième partie est centrée sur les qualités techniques de la pierre de la Couronne et sur sa mise en œuvre dans les monuments, particulièrement à Marseille. Un chapitre traite des matériaux concurrents du calcaire de la Couronne. La dernière partie est consacrée au « village de carriers » de la Couronne, à l’organisation professionnelle et aux conditions sociales de la vie des carriers. Le volume est complété par une abondante annexe où sont regroupés une partie des nombreux documents d’archives utilisés.
quarry --- building material --- working condition --- transport
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Bituminous materials are used to build durable roads that sustain diverse environmental conditions. However, due to their complexity and a global shortage of these materials, their design and technical development present several challenges. Advanced Testing and Characterisation of Bituminous Materials focuses on fundamental and performance testing
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