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This book contains twenty papers focusing on research investigations in the field of nickel/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries in 2016. These papers summarize the joint efforts in Ni/MH battery research from BASF, Wayne State University, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Michigan State University, and FDK during 2015 and 2016 through reviews of basic operational concepts; previous academic publications; issued US Patents and filed Japan Patent Applications; descriptions of current research results in advanced components and cell constructions; and projections of future works.

Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries, Rechargeable Batteries

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The EV Everywhere Grand Challenge requires a breakthrough in energy storage technology. State-of-the-art Li-ion technology is currently used in low volume production plug-in hybrid and niche high performance vehicles; however, the widespread adoption of electrified powertrains requires a four-fold increase in performance, 25% lower cost, and safer batteries without the possibility of combustion. One approach for this target is to develop solid-state batteries (SSBs) offering improved performance, reduced peripheral mass, and unprecedented safety. SSB could offer higher energy density, by enabling new cell designs, such as bipolar stacking, leading to reduced peripheral mass and volume. To enable SSBs, a crucial requirement is a fast-ion conducting solid electrolyte. To date, myriad solid-state electrolytes have been reported exhibiting Li ion conductivities approaching those of today’s liquid electrolyte membranes. Moreover, several new materials are reported to have wide electrochemical window and single-ion mobility. Leveraging decades of research focused on Li-based electrodes for Li-ion batteries, the discovery of new solid-state electrolytes could enable access to these electrodes; specifically, Li metal and high voltage electrodes (>5V). However, transitioning SSBs from the laboratory to EVs requires answers to fundamental questions such as: (1) how does Li-ion transport through the solid electrolyte / solid electrode interface work? (2) will solid electrolytes enable bulk-scale Li metal anode and high voltage cathodes?, and (3) how will ceramic-based cells be manufactured in large-format battery packs? The purpose of this Research Topic is to provide new insights obtained through the fundamental understanding of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, advanced analysis and computational simulations. We hope these aspects will summarize current challenges and provide opportunities for future research to develop the next generation SSBs.

ionic conductors --- solid-state batteries (SSBs)

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Increasing the shares of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is one of the most important levers in many countries to cope with the environmental, political, and economic challenges of future energy supply. The underlying research question of this thesis is whether Distributed Storage Systems (DSS) at the end consumer level can economically foster the integration of intermittent and non-dispatchable resources by providing demand-side flexibility.

distributed storage systems, economic analysis, load and price forecasting, demand response, batteries

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The Li-ion battery technology could help to accelerate the transition towards renewable energy sources. In the manufacturing chain, the electrode processing by slot die coating is one of the most crucial steps. Increased line speeds and reduced scrap rates could help decrease these costs. The scope of this work is therefore the scientific elaboration of the process limits of single and subdivided, simultaneous coated multilayer films, a minimizing of edge effects and intermittent coatings.

Schlitzguss, Beschichtung, Prozessfenster, Dünnfilmtechnik, Lithium-ionen BatterienSlot die, coating, process windows, thin film technology, lithium-ion batteries

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Electrochemical energy storage is becoming essential for portable electronics, electrified transportation, integration of intermittent renewable energy into grids, and many other energy and power applications. The electrode materials and their structures, in addition to the electrolytes, play key roles in supporting a multitude of coupled physicochemical processes that include electronic, ionic, and diffusive transport in electrode and electrolyte phases, electrochemical reactions and material phase changes, as well as mechanical and thermal stresses, thus determining the storage energy density and power density, conversion efficiency, performance lifetime, and system cost and safety. Different material chemistries and multiscale porous structures are being investigated for high performance and low cost. The aim of this Special Issue is to report the recent advances in materials used in electrochemical energy storage that encompass supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries.

lithium-ion batteries --- zinc sulfide --- nanotubes --- anode material --- electrochemical performance --- Mn3O4 --- carbon microfibers --- biotemplate --- microstructure --- energy storage and conversion --- electrochemical properties --- LiFePO4/C composite --- cathode material --- green synthesis route --- lithium-ion batteries --- cathode material --- X-ray diffraction --- Cr3+/Cr6+ redox pairs --- specific capacity --- cycling performance --- inductively-coupled plasma --- carbon nanostructures --- electrochemical properties --- thermal annealing --- vertical graphene --- cross-linked carbon nanofiber --- high-rate supercapacitor --- AC filtering --- pulse power storage --- lithium-ion battery --- mechanical stability --- material index --- parametric analysis --- elasto-plastic stress --- Li2MoO3 --- Co-doping --- cathode materials --- Li ion battery --- ZIF-67 --- water --- methanol --- sulfidation --- specific capacitance --- Li-rich layered oxide --- cathode materials --- voltage attenuation --- lithium-ion batteries --- solid-state complexation method --- lithium-rich layered oxide --- cathode material --- 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn0.8Ni0.1Co0.1O2 --- voltage decay --- co-precipitation method --- sol–gel method --- solid-state electrolyte --- submicron powder --- garnet --- lithium-ion conductivity --- solid-state batteries --- lithium ion batteries --- supercapacitors --- electrode materials --- nanostructure --- electrochemical energy storage