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[This book focus on the most recent advances related to the design and processing methods of different nanobiomaterials, films, and fibers; surface functionalization strategies, including biological performance assessment and cytocompatibility; and their applications in tissue engineering strategies.]

titania nanotubes --- anodic oxidation --- biointegration --- antibacterial properties --- photocatalytic activity --- magnetic nanoparticles --- nanotechnology --- cell sheet --- odontogenic cells --- epithelial-mesenchymal interactions --- dental enamel regeneration --- cornea endothelial cells --- tissue engineering --- regeneration --- silk fibroin --- lysophosphatidic acid --- graphene --- nanomaterials --- dental stem cells --- antibacterial activity --- dental implant --- bone regeneration --- osteoclastogenesis --- RANK-RANKL-OPG --- mimetic peptide --- Gadolinium chelate --- MRI --- protein --- nanofibers --- biomaterials fabrication --- medicine --- tissue engineering --- wound healing --- drug delivery

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Many macro and micro species, from terrestrial and aquatic environments, produce structurally unique compounds and, in many countries, still are the primary sources of medicines. In fact, secondary metabolites are an important source of chemotherapeutic agents but are also lead compounds for synthetic modification and the optimization of biological activity. Therefore, the exploitation of secondary metabolites, or their inspired synthetic compounds, offers excellent opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry. This Medicines Special Issue focuses on the great potential of secondary metabolites for therapeutic application. The Special Issue contains 16 articles reporting relevant experimental results, and an overview of bioactive secondary metabolites, their biological effects, and new methodologies that improve and accelerate the process of obtained lead compounds with regard to new drug development. We would like to thank all 83 authors, from all over the world, for their valuable contributions to this Special Issue.

Juniperus --- secondary metabolites --- diterpenes --- flavonoids --- lignans --- cytotoxic --- antitumor --- antibacterial --- amentoflavone --- deoxypodophyllotoxin --- frankincense --- Boswellia --- cembranoids --- cneorubenoids --- boswellic acids --- molecular docking --- Scabiosa --- flavonoids --- iridoids --- pentacyclic triterpenoids --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory --- antibacterial --- anticancer --- Cordyceps militaris --- xanthine oxidase --- antioxidant --- antibacterial --- cordycepin --- GC-MS --- Artemisia species --- Artemisia vachanica --- artemisinin --- HPLC-PAD --- Tajikistan --- Malus x domestica --- Tuscany --- ancient varieties --- nutraceutics --- antioxidants --- polyphenols --- sugars --- pectin --- defensins --- secondary metabolites --- plant defense --- antimicrobial and anticancer activity --- medicine --- innate immunity --- cannabis --- cannabinoids --- therapeutics --- toxicology --- analytical determination --- legalization --- natural products --- biosynthetic gene clusters --- secondary metabolites --- antiSMASH --- Mitragyna speciosa --- kratom --- secondary metabolites --- therapeutic uses --- toxicology --- analysis --- Maytenus chiapensis --- Celastraceae --- quinonemethide triterpenoids --- pristimerin --- tingenone --- HPLC-PDA --- Ocimum sanctum --- Lamiaceae --- (-)-rabdosiin --- cytotoxic activity --- triterpenoids --- phenolic derivatives --- nanoemulsion --- essential oils --- vector control --- infectious diseases --- TCM --- phytochemistry --- LC-MS/MS --- antioxidant activity --- ABTS --- DPPH --- FRAP --- ascorbic acid --- EGCG --- total phenolics --- antimicrobial activity --- sargaquinoic acid --- sarganaphthoquinoic acid --- antiplasmodial --- malaria --- PPAR-? --- sargahydroquinoic acid --- sarganaphthoquinoic acid --- sargachromenoic acid --- inflammation --- bowel diseases --- secondary metabolites --- biological activities --- medicinal applications --- plants --- seaweeds

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Electrospinning is a versatile and effective technique widely used to manufacture nanofibrous structures from a diversity of materials (synthetic, natural or inorganic). The electrospun nanofibrous meshes’ composition, morphology, porosity, and surface functionality support the development of advanced solutions for many biomedical applications. The Special Issue on “Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications” assembles a set of original and highly-innovative contributions showcasing advanced devices and therapies based on or involving electrospun meshes. It comprises 13 original research papers covering topics that span from biomaterial scaffolds’ structure and functionalization, nanocomposites, antibacterial nanofibrous systems, wound dressings, monitoring devices, electrical stimulation, bone tissue engineering to first-in-human clinical trials. This publication also includes four review papers focused on drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.

sol-gel --- electrospinning --- hydroxyapatite --- nanofiber --- antibacterial --- titanium --- antibacterial coatings --- electrospinning --- nanocomposite coatings --- TiO2 photocatalytic --- orthopedic infections --- electrospinning --- 3D printing --- nanofibers --- encapsulation --- protein diffusion --- in vivo tissue engineering --- immuno-isolation --- transplantation --- electrospinning --- sputtering --- drug delivery --- wound dressing --- biocompatibility --- tissue engineering --- biomimetic scaffolds --- gelatin --- electrospinning --- micromolding --- biomaterials --- poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) --- bioactive glass --- scaffolds --- electrospinning --- composite fibres --- bone regeneration --- poly(vinylidene fluoride) --- composite nanofiber --- piezoelectricity --- antioxidant activity --- well-aligned nanofibers --- P(VDF-TrFE) --- piezoelectric nanogenerator --- preosteoblasts electrospinning --- silicone modified polyurethane nanofibers --- physical properties --- cell attachment --- cell proliferation --- cytotoxicity --- biopolymers --- packaging --- pharmaceutical --- biomedical --- electrospinning --- alginate --- gelatin fibers --- ZnO particles --- antibacterial activity --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- fabrication --- therapeutics --- biomedical applications --- antibody immobilization --- electrospun nanofibers --- TNF-? capture --- human articular chondrocytes --- rheumatoid arthritis --- nanofibers --- microfluidic chip --- electrospinning --- live assay --- hepatocellular carcinoma cells --- PLA95 --- biocompatibility --- guided tissue regeneration (GTR) --- electrospinning --- electrospun fiber mats --- mechanobiology --- glioblastoma --- biomaterials --- finite element modeling --- electrospun nanofibers --- cancer treatment --- drug release --- nanomedicine --- biocompatible polymers --- hyperthermia

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The importance of bioactive natural compounds in pharmacology and other biotechnological fields has stimulated the scientific community to explore new environmental contexts and their associated microbial diversity. As the largest frontier in biological discovery, the sea represents a significant source of organisms producing novel secondary metabolites with interesting bioactivities. Of the available biological material, fungi have received increasing consideration, both due to their pervasive occurrence in varying habitats as well as their aptitude to develop symbiotic associations with higher organisms in numerous contexts. In many cases, fungal strains have been reported as the real producers of drugs originally extracted from marine plants and animals. Due to the constantly increasing number of marine-derived fungi yielding valuable bioactive products, it is now appropriate to present these findings to a recipient audience in a more organized form. This Special Issue of Marine Drugs, entitled “Bioactive Compounds from Marine-Derived Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma Species"" is specifically focused on a few genera of ascomycetous fungi which are widespread regarding marine contexts and are particularly inclined to establishing symbiotic relationships. For this project, we welcome submissions of full research papers, short notes, and review articles reporting the discovery and characterization of products showing antibiotic, antitumor, antiviral, insecticidal, antimalarial, antifouling, antioxidant, plant growth-promoting and/or resistance-inducing, as well as other less-exploited activities.

mangrove endophytic fungus --- coumarin --- chromone --- sterone --- antifungal activity --- Aspergillus clavatus --- Aspergillus --- candidusin --- aspetritone --- cytotoxic --- antibacterial --- bioactive products --- drug discovery --- endophytic fungi --- mangroves --- Talaromyces --- marine-derived fungi --- Penicillium sp. TJ403-1 --- breviane spiroditerpenoid --- IDH1 inhibitory activity --- cytotoxicity --- Aspergillus candidus --- Aspergillaceae --- sponge-associated fungus --- bis-indolyl benzenoids --- hydroxypyrrolidine --- antibacterial activity --- cytotoxicity --- sesquiterpenoid --- diterpenoid --- Talaromyces purpurogenus --- NMR data calculations --- ECD calculations --- cytotoxicities --- breast cancer --- BK (Maxi-K) channel --- EGFR --- HER2 --- penitrem A --- gefitinib --- lapatinib --- TNF-? --- Penicillium raistrickii --- polyketides --- diastereomers --- thermo-change strategy --- marine-derived fungi --- secondary metabolites --- indole-diterpenoids --- cytotoxicity --- n/a

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Several promising techniques have been developed to overcome the poor solubility and/or membrane permeability properties of new drug candidates, including different fiber formation methods. Electrospinning is one of the most commonly used spinning techniques for fiber formation, induced by the high voltage applied to the drug-loaded solution. With modifying the characteristics of the solution and the spinning parameters, the functionality-related properties of the formulated fibers can be finely tuned. The fiber properties (i.e., high specific surface area, porosity, and the possibility of controlling the crystalline–amorphous phase transitions of the loaded drugs) enable the improved rate and extent of solubility, causing a rapid onset of absorption. However, the enhanced molecular mobility of the amorphous drugs embedded into the fibers is also responsible for their physical–chemical instability. This Special Issue will address new developments in the area of electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery and wound healing applications, covering recent advantages and future directions in electrospun fiber formulations and scalability. Moreover, it serves to highlight and capture the contemporary progress in electrospinning techniques, with particular attention to the industrial feasibility of developing pharmaceutical dosage forms. All aspects of small molecule or biologics-loaded fibrous dosage forms, focusing on the processability, structures and functions, and stability issues, are included.

electrospinning --- gentamicin sulfate --- polylactide-co-polycaprolactone --- drug release kinetics --- tissue engineering --- growth factor --- diabetic --- wound healing --- nanocomposite --- electrospinning --- coaxial spinning --- core-sheath nanofibers --- biomedical --- drug delivery --- electrospinning --- scale-up --- processability --- biopharmaceuticals --- oral dosage form --- grinding --- aceclofenac --- nanofiber --- electrospinning --- scanning electron microscopy --- fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- differential scanning calorimetry --- nanotechnology --- biotechnology --- probiotics --- Lactobacillus --- Lactococcus --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- drying --- local delivery --- viability --- antibacterial activity --- bacterial bioreporters --- drug release --- electrospinning --- microfibers --- nanofibers --- UV imaging --- wetting --- in situ drug release --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- poorly water-soluble drug --- piroxicam --- hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose --- polydextrose --- scanning white light interferometry --- nanotechnology --- nanofibers --- traditional electrospinning --- ultrasound-enhanced electrospinning --- drug delivery system --- haemanthamine --- plant-origin alkaloid --- electrospinning --- amphiphilic nanofibers --- self-assembled liposomes --- physical solid-state properties --- drug release --- electrospinning --- PCL --- gelatin --- clove essential oil --- antibacterial --- biocompatibility --- artificial red blood cells --- electrospinning and electrospray --- pectin --- oligochitosan --- hydrogel --- microcapsules --- electrospinning --- wound dressings --- solvent casting --- 3D printing --- polymeric carrier --- n/a