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Bacterial proliferation is a severe and increasing concern in everyday life, which accounts for important damage in a number of industries, from textile and marine transport to medicine and food packaging. Despite the huge efforts by academic and industry researchers, a universal solution for controlling bacterial colonization has not been established yet. In this regard, nanomaterials are more and more used to target bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Examples include the use of nanomaterials in antibacterial coatings for implantable devices and other materials to prevent infection and promote wound healing and in antibiotic delivery systems to treat diseases. By exploiting the excellent antibacterial properties of some materials at the nanoscale, namely ZnO, TiO2, Ag, Au, nanodiamond and graphene, effective strategies for the prevention of infections can be developed.The main focus of this book is, therefore, to present selected examples of the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanomaterials with antibacterial activity. The book is addressed to scientists and industry researchers, as well as to master and degree students in chemistry, pharmacy, bioengineering, biology and materials science. The Editor would like to thank the staff of Nanomaterials Editorial Office for the constant help and support.
Antibacterial activity --- nanoparticles --- carbon nanomaterials --- biopolymers --- essential oils
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[This book focus on the most recent advances related to the design and processing methods of different nanobiomaterials, films, and fibers; surface functionalization strategies, including biological performance assessment and cytocompatibility; and their applications in tissue engineering strategies.]
titania nanotubes --- anodic oxidation --- biointegration --- antibacterial properties --- photocatalytic activity --- magnetic nanoparticles --- nanotechnology --- cell sheet --- odontogenic cells --- epithelial-mesenchymal interactions --- dental enamel regeneration --- cornea endothelial cells --- tissue engineering --- regeneration --- silk fibroin --- lysophosphatidic acid --- graphene --- nanomaterials --- dental stem cells --- antibacterial activity --- dental implant --- bone regeneration --- osteoclastogenesis --- RANK-RANKL-OPG --- mimetic peptide --- Gadolinium chelate --- MRI --- protein --- nanofibers --- biomaterials fabrication --- medicine --- tissue engineering --- wound healing --- drug delivery
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The rapid increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, combined with a dwindling rate of discovery of novel antibiotic molecules, has created an alarming issue worldwide. Although the occurrence of resistance in microbes is a natural process, the overuse of antibiotics is known to increase the rate of resistance evolution. Under antibiotic treatment, susceptible bacteria inevitably die, while resistant microorganisms proliferate under reduced competition. Therefore, the out-of-control use of antibiotics eliminates drug-susceptible species that would naturally limit the expansion of resistant species. In addition, the ability of many microbial species to grow as a biofilm has further complicated the treatment of infections with conventional antibiotics. A number of corrective measures are currently being explored to reverse or slow antibiotic resistance evolution, Among which one of the most promising solutions is the development of polymer-based antimicrobial compounds. In this Special Issue, different polymer systems able to prevent or treat biofilm formation, including cationic polymers, antibacterial peptide-mimetic polymers, polymers or composites able to load and release bioactive molecules, and antifouling polymers able to repel microbes by physical or chemical mechanisms are reported. Their applications in the design and fabrication of medical devices, in food packaging, and as drug carriers is investigated.
cationic polymers --- imidization --- quaternization --- antimicrobial properties --- hemolytic activity --- coatings from nanoparticles --- biocompatible polymer --- antimicrobial polymer --- dynamic light scattering --- coatings wettability --- microbicidal coatings --- bacteria viability --- bactericidal coatings --- Escherichia coli --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- multidrug-resistant --- antimicrobial peptide --- antibiofilm activity --- physiological salt --- biofilm --- anti-biofilm surface --- surface functionalization --- ?-chymotrypsin --- proteinase --- antimicrobial polymers --- quaternary ammonium --- 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate --- thermal stability --- polymers --- antibacterial --- drug delivery --- periodontitis --- periodontal biofilms --- polyamide 11 --- antibacterial --- polymeric biocide --- thermal stability --- biofilm --- antifouling --- copper paint --- additives --- biofilm --- lipopeptides --- biofilm --- persister cells --- ocular infections --- biofilm on contact lenses --- cuprous oxide nanoparticles --- linear low-density polyethylene --- composites --- adhesives --- antibacterial activity --- water disinfection --- active packaging --- antimicrobial peptides --- food shelf-life --- foodborne pathogens --- plastic materials --- antibacterial peptides --- halictine --- circular dichroism --- fluorescence --- infrared spectroscopy --- segmented polyurethanes --- polyethylene glycol --- microbial biofilm --- antifouling materials --- medical device-related infections --- wound dressings --- additive manufacturing --- antibacterial polymers --- biocompatible systems --- drug delivery systems --- 3D printing --- amorphous materials --- ordered mesoporous silica --- sol-gel preparation --- drug carrier --- multifunctional hybrid systems --- olive mill wastewater --- antibacterial properties --- layered double hydroxides --- bionanocomposites --- acrylates --- antibacterial activity --- copolymerization --- polymeric films --- polymerizable quaternary ammonium salts --- quaternary ammonium salts --- UV-induced polymerization --- antimicrobial resistance --- antimicrobial polymers --- ESKAPE pathogens --- anti-biofilm surfaces --- polymeric surfaces --- biofilm methods --- biofilm analysis --- biofilm devices --- n/a
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Many macro and micro species, from terrestrial and aquatic environments, produce structurally unique compounds and, in many countries, still are the primary sources of medicines. In fact, secondary metabolites are an important source of chemotherapeutic agents but are also lead compounds for synthetic modification and the optimization of biological activity. Therefore, the exploitation of secondary metabolites, or their inspired synthetic compounds, offers excellent opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry. This Medicines Special Issue focuses on the great potential of secondary metabolites for therapeutic application. The Special Issue contains 16 articles reporting relevant experimental results, and an overview of bioactive secondary metabolites, their biological effects, and new methodologies that improve and accelerate the process of obtained lead compounds with regard to new drug development. We would like to thank all 83 authors, from all over the world, for their valuable contributions to this Special Issue.
Juniperus --- secondary metabolites --- diterpenes --- flavonoids --- lignans --- cytotoxic --- antitumor --- antibacterial --- amentoflavone --- deoxypodophyllotoxin --- frankincense --- Boswellia --- cembranoids --- cneorubenoids --- boswellic acids --- molecular docking --- Scabiosa --- flavonoids --- iridoids --- pentacyclic triterpenoids --- antioxidant --- anti-inflammatory --- antibacterial --- anticancer --- Cordyceps militaris --- xanthine oxidase --- antioxidant --- antibacterial --- cordycepin --- GC-MS --- Artemisia species --- Artemisia vachanica --- artemisinin --- HPLC-PAD --- Tajikistan --- Malus x domestica --- Tuscany --- ancient varieties --- nutraceutics --- antioxidants --- polyphenols --- sugars --- pectin --- defensins --- secondary metabolites --- plant defense --- antimicrobial and anticancer activity --- medicine --- innate immunity --- cannabis --- cannabinoids --- therapeutics --- toxicology --- analytical determination --- legalization --- natural products --- biosynthetic gene clusters --- secondary metabolites --- antiSMASH --- Mitragyna speciosa --- kratom --- secondary metabolites --- therapeutic uses --- toxicology --- analysis --- Maytenus chiapensis --- Celastraceae --- quinonemethide triterpenoids --- pristimerin --- tingenone --- HPLC-PDA --- Ocimum sanctum --- Lamiaceae --- (-)-rabdosiin --- cytotoxic activity --- triterpenoids --- phenolic derivatives --- nanoemulsion --- essential oils --- vector control --- infectious diseases --- TCM --- phytochemistry --- LC-MS/MS --- antioxidant activity --- ABTS --- DPPH --- FRAP --- ascorbic acid --- EGCG --- total phenolics --- antimicrobial activity --- sargaquinoic acid --- sarganaphthoquinoic acid --- antiplasmodial --- malaria --- PPAR-? --- sargahydroquinoic acid --- sarganaphthoquinoic acid --- sargachromenoic acid --- inflammation --- bowel diseases --- secondary metabolites --- biological activities --- medicinal applications --- plants --- seaweeds
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This book focus principally on ions-releasing and other smart dental materials for application in preventive and restorative dentistry, as well as in endodontics in the form of adhesives, resin-based composites, pastes, varnishes, liners and dental cements. Special attention has been given to bioactive materials developed to induce cells differentiation/stimulation, hard tissue formation and exert antimicrobial actions. New innovations are necessary to continue to help reinforcing existing technologies and to introduce new paradigms for treating dental disease and restoring teeth seriously compromised by caries lesions via biomimetic and more biological operative approaches. Dental bioactive materials is arguably the latest research area in dentistry and thus the amount of new research is overwhelming. However, in this day and age of evidence based practice it important for this new information to be distilled into a practical and understandable format.
orthodontic resin --- photocatalyst TiO2 --- antibacterial --- cariogenic --- early colonizer --- hydrophilic properties --- irradiation --- calcium silicate cements --- pulpal response --- mineralization --- calcific barrier --- inflammation --- odontoblastic layer --- resin cements --- shrinkage stress --- water sorption --- hydroscopic expansion --- photoelastic investigation --- antibacterial --- calcium --- doxycycline --- nanoparticles --- zinc --- dental composites --- antibacterial properties --- silver --- mechanical properties --- degree of conversion --- sorption --- solubility --- color stability --- mechanical properties --- nanotubes --- resin composite --- Streptococcus mutans --- triclosan --- bleaching products --- diffusion --- cytotoxicity --- dental pulp --- stem cells --- nanoporous silica --- glass-ionomer cement --- calcium --- preclinical biosafety --- bone substitute --- mesenchymal stem cells --- ?-tricalcium phosphate --- tissue engineering --- dental sealant --- resin sealant --- calcium phosphate nanoparticles --- long-term ion release --- remineralization --- ion recharge --- dentin --- desmineralization --- microtensile bond strength --- adhesion --- bioactive --- cycling mechanical stress --- dentine --- longevity --- resin-modified glass ionomer cements --- polyacrylic acid treatment --- bone regeneration --- ?-tricalcium phosphate --- calcium sulfate --- bone substitutes --- animal study --- n/a --- adhesion --- cycling mechanical stress --- dentine --- longevity --- glass-ionomer cements --- universal adhesives
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Electrospinning is a versatile and effective technique widely used to manufacture nanofibrous structures from a diversity of materials (synthetic, natural or inorganic). The electrospun nanofibrous meshes’ composition, morphology, porosity, and surface functionality support the development of advanced solutions for many biomedical applications. The Special Issue on “Electrospun Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications” assembles a set of original and highly-innovative contributions showcasing advanced devices and therapies based on or involving electrospun meshes. It comprises 13 original research papers covering topics that span from biomaterial scaffolds’ structure and functionalization, nanocomposites, antibacterial nanofibrous systems, wound dressings, monitoring devices, electrical stimulation, bone tissue engineering to first-in-human clinical trials. This publication also includes four review papers focused on drug delivery and tissue engineering applications.
sol-gel --- electrospinning --- hydroxyapatite --- nanofiber --- antibacterial --- titanium --- antibacterial coatings --- electrospinning --- nanocomposite coatings --- TiO2 photocatalytic --- orthopedic infections --- electrospinning --- 3D printing --- nanofibers --- encapsulation --- protein diffusion --- in vivo tissue engineering --- immuno-isolation --- transplantation --- electrospinning --- sputtering --- drug delivery --- wound dressing --- biocompatibility --- tissue engineering --- biomimetic scaffolds --- gelatin --- electrospinning --- micromolding --- biomaterials --- poly(lactic acid) (PLLA) --- bioactive glass --- scaffolds --- electrospinning --- composite fibres --- bone regeneration --- poly(vinylidene fluoride) --- composite nanofiber --- piezoelectricity --- antioxidant activity --- well-aligned nanofibers --- P(VDF-TrFE) --- piezoelectric nanogenerator --- preosteoblasts electrospinning --- silicone modified polyurethane nanofibers --- physical properties --- cell attachment --- cell proliferation --- cytotoxicity --- biopolymers --- packaging --- pharmaceutical --- biomedical --- electrospinning --- alginate --- gelatin fibers --- ZnO particles --- antibacterial activity --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- fabrication --- therapeutics --- biomedical applications --- antibody immobilization --- electrospun nanofibers --- TNF-? capture --- human articular chondrocytes --- rheumatoid arthritis --- nanofibers --- microfluidic chip --- electrospinning --- live assay --- hepatocellular carcinoma cells --- PLA95 --- biocompatibility --- guided tissue regeneration (GTR) --- electrospinning --- electrospun fiber mats --- mechanobiology --- glioblastoma --- biomaterials --- finite element modeling --- electrospun nanofibers --- cancer treatment --- drug release --- nanomedicine --- biocompatible polymers --- hyperthermia
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Because of the increasing pressure on both food safety and packaging/food waste, the topic is important both for academics, applied research, industry and also for environment protection. Different materials, such as glass, metals, paper and paperboards, and non-degradable and degradable polymers, with versatile properties, are attractive for potential uses in food packaging. Food packaging is the largest area of application within the food sector. Only the nanotechnology-enabled products in the food sector account for ~50% of the market value, with and the annual growth rate is 11.65%. Technological developments are also of great interest. In the food sector, nanotechnology is involved in packaging materials with extremely high gas barriers, antimicrobial properties, and also in nanoencapsulants for the delivery of nutrients, flavors, or aromas, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds. Applications of materials, including nanomaterials in packaging and food safety, are in forms of: edible films, polymer nanocomposites, as high barrier packaging materials, nanocoatings, surface biocides, silver nanoparticles as potent antimicrobial agents, nutrition and neutraceuticals, active/bioactive packaging, intelligent packaging, nanosensors and nanomaterial-based assays for the detection of food relevant analytes (gasses, small organic molecules and food-borne pathogens) and bioplastics.
powdered rosemary ethanolic extract --- poly(lactic acid) --- bioactive food packaging --- biomaterials --- polymer --- nanocomposites --- nanocoatings --- food packaging --- risks --- smart nanomaterials --- electrospinning --- nanocoating --- chitosan --- vegetable oil --- essential oil --- cold-press oil --- antimicrobial --- antioxidant --- edible film --- alginate film --- pectin film --- essential oil --- barrier properties --- mechanical properties --- graphene --- carbon nanotubes --- poly(lactic) acid --- degradation --- combustion --- fire --- risk analysis --- chitosan --- rosehip seed oil --- montmorillonite nanoclay --- antibacterial --- antioxidant --- food packaging --- customization --- product design --- personalized design --- reverse engineering --- computer aid design (CAD) --- fused deposition modelling (FDM) --- packaging design --- product design --- mechanical properties --- thermoforming --- tensile test --- 3D printing --- simulation --- technology --- thiazolidine-4-one scaffold --- chitosan --- polymeric systems --- antibacterial activity
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The importance of bioactive natural compounds in pharmacology and other biotechnological fields has stimulated the scientific community to explore new environmental contexts and their associated microbial diversity. As the largest frontier in biological discovery, the sea represents a significant source of organisms producing novel secondary metabolites with interesting bioactivities. Of the available biological material, fungi have received increasing consideration, both due to their pervasive occurrence in varying habitats as well as their aptitude to develop symbiotic associations with higher organisms in numerous contexts. In many cases, fungal strains have been reported as the real producers of drugs originally extracted from marine plants and animals. Due to the constantly increasing number of marine-derived fungi yielding valuable bioactive products, it is now appropriate to present these findings to a recipient audience in a more organized form. This Special Issue of Marine Drugs, entitled “Bioactive Compounds from Marine-Derived Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma Species"" is specifically focused on a few genera of ascomycetous fungi which are widespread regarding marine contexts and are particularly inclined to establishing symbiotic relationships. For this project, we welcome submissions of full research papers, short notes, and review articles reporting the discovery and characterization of products showing antibiotic, antitumor, antiviral, insecticidal, antimalarial, antifouling, antioxidant, plant growth-promoting and/or resistance-inducing, as well as other less-exploited activities.
mangrove endophytic fungus --- coumarin --- chromone --- sterone --- antifungal activity --- Aspergillus clavatus --- Aspergillus --- candidusin --- aspetritone --- cytotoxic --- antibacterial --- bioactive products --- drug discovery --- endophytic fungi --- mangroves --- Talaromyces --- marine-derived fungi --- Penicillium sp. TJ403-1 --- breviane spiroditerpenoid --- IDH1 inhibitory activity --- cytotoxicity --- Aspergillus candidus --- Aspergillaceae --- sponge-associated fungus --- bis-indolyl benzenoids --- hydroxypyrrolidine --- antibacterial activity --- cytotoxicity --- sesquiterpenoid --- diterpenoid --- Talaromyces purpurogenus --- NMR data calculations --- ECD calculations --- cytotoxicities --- breast cancer --- BK (Maxi-K) channel --- EGFR --- HER2 --- penitrem A --- gefitinib --- lapatinib --- TNF-? --- Penicillium raistrickii --- polyketides --- diastereomers --- thermo-change strategy --- marine-derived fungi --- secondary metabolites --- indole-diterpenoids --- cytotoxicity --- n/a
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Two review papers, eight research articles, and one brief report were published in this Special Issue. They showed the rich resources that are present within the genomes of marine microorganisms and discussed the use of recently developed tools and technologies to exploit this genetic richness. Examples include the rational supply of precursors according to the relevant biosynthetic pathway and stress driven discovery together with the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors to facilitate the discovery of new bioactive molecules with potential biopharmaceutical applications. We believe that the content of this Special Issue reflects the current state-of-the-art research in this area and highlights the interesting strategies that are being employed to uncover increasing numbers of exciting novel compounds for drug discovery from marine genetic resources.
Stachybotrys --- isoindolinone biosynthesis --- genome mining --- amino compound --- fibrinolytic activity --- antimicrobial --- marine natural products (MNPs) --- secondary metabolites --- antibacterial --- antifungal --- genome mining --- sponge --- meroterpenoid --- marine natural product --- medicinal chemistry --- biosynthesis --- drug discovery --- bacillibactin --- bacillomycin --- genome mining --- marine Bacillus --- nonribosomal peptides --- marine microorganisms --- Streptomyces pratensis --- polyketide antibiotics --- metal stress technique --- antimicrobial activity --- halo-extremophyles --- archaea --- 16S rRNA metagenomics --- haloenzymes --- Odiel marshlands --- Penicillium chrysogenum --- secondary metabolites --- histone-deacetylase inhibitor --- antibacterial activity --- polyketide synthase --- NdgRyo --- IclR family regulator --- Streptomyces --- fatty acid amide --- genome mining --- Marisediminicola --- Antarctica --- carotenoid --- actinobacteria --- natural products --- gene cluster --- Streptomyces --- comparative genomics --- secondary metabolites --- biosynthetic gene clusters --- phylotype --- ecotype --- Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 40010 --- marine --- genome mining --- polycyclic tetramate macrolactams --- cytotoxicity
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Several promising techniques have been developed to overcome the poor solubility and/or membrane permeability properties of new drug candidates, including different fiber formation methods. Electrospinning is one of the most commonly used spinning techniques for fiber formation, induced by the high voltage applied to the drug-loaded solution. With modifying the characteristics of the solution and the spinning parameters, the functionality-related properties of the formulated fibers can be finely tuned. The fiber properties (i.e., high specific surface area, porosity, and the possibility of controlling the crystalline–amorphous phase transitions of the loaded drugs) enable the improved rate and extent of solubility, causing a rapid onset of absorption. However, the enhanced molecular mobility of the amorphous drugs embedded into the fibers is also responsible for their physical–chemical instability. This Special Issue will address new developments in the area of electrospun nanofibers for drug delivery and wound healing applications, covering recent advantages and future directions in electrospun fiber formulations and scalability. Moreover, it serves to highlight and capture the contemporary progress in electrospinning techniques, with particular attention to the industrial feasibility of developing pharmaceutical dosage forms. All aspects of small molecule or biologics-loaded fibrous dosage forms, focusing on the processability, structures and functions, and stability issues, are included.
electrospinning --- gentamicin sulfate --- polylactide-co-polycaprolactone --- drug release kinetics --- tissue engineering --- growth factor --- diabetic --- wound healing --- nanocomposite --- electrospinning --- coaxial spinning --- core-sheath nanofibers --- biomedical --- drug delivery --- electrospinning --- scale-up --- processability --- biopharmaceuticals --- oral dosage form --- grinding --- aceclofenac --- nanofiber --- electrospinning --- scanning electron microscopy --- fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- differential scanning calorimetry --- nanotechnology --- biotechnology --- probiotics --- Lactobacillus --- Lactococcus --- electrospinning --- nanofibers --- drying --- local delivery --- viability --- antibacterial activity --- bacterial bioreporters --- drug release --- electrospinning --- microfibers --- nanofibers --- UV imaging --- wetting --- in situ drug release --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- poorly water-soluble drug --- piroxicam --- hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose --- polydextrose --- scanning white light interferometry --- nanotechnology --- nanofibers --- traditional electrospinning --- ultrasound-enhanced electrospinning --- drug delivery system --- haemanthamine --- plant-origin alkaloid --- electrospinning --- amphiphilic nanofibers --- self-assembled liposomes --- physical solid-state properties --- drug release --- electrospinning --- PCL --- gelatin --- clove essential oil --- antibacterial --- biocompatibility --- artificial red blood cells --- electrospinning and electrospray --- pectin --- oligochitosan --- hydrogel --- microcapsules --- electrospinning --- wound dressings --- solvent casting --- 3D printing --- polymeric carrier --- n/a
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