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The building industry is influenced by many factors and trends reflecting the current situation and developments in social, economic, technical, and scientific fields. One of the most important trends seeks to minimize the energy demand. This can be achieved by promoting the construction of buildings with better thermal insulating capabilities of their envelopes and better efficiency in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. Any credible assessment of building energy performance includes the identification and simulation of heat and mass transfer phenomena in both the building envelope and the interior of the building. As the interaction between design elements, climate change, user behavior, heating effectiveness, ventilation, air conditioning systems, and lighting is not straightforward, the assessment procedure can present a complex and challenging task. The simulations should then involve all factors affecting the energy performance of the building in questions. However, the appropriate choice of physical model of heat and mass transfer for different building elements is not the only factor affecting the output of building energy simulations. The accuracy of the material parameters applied in the models as input data is another potential source of uncertainty. For instance, neglecting the dependence of hygric and thermal parameters on moisture content may affect the energy assessment in a significant way. Boundary conditions in the form of weather data sets represent yet another crucial factor determining the uncertainty of the outputs. In light of recent trends in climate change, this topic is vitally important. This Special Issue aims at providing recent developments in laboratory analyses, computational modeling, and in situ measurements related to the assessment of building energy performance based on the proper identification of heat and mass transfer processes in building structures.
building envelope --- thermal performance --- energy balance --- temperature --- relative humidity --- elevation --- advanced personalized ventilation --- energy saving --- air terminal device --- air velocity --- turbulence --- noise level --- natural ventilation --- single-sided --- CFD --- mass flow rate prediction --- correlation function --- fibrous aerogel --- thermal conductivity --- heat treatment --- XRD --- SEM --- DSC --- phase change temperature --- plaster --- thermal energy storage --- mechanical properties --- thermal properties --- Metamodeling --- Convolutional neural networks --- Time series modelling --- Probabilistic assessment --- Hygrothermal assessment --- geopolymers --- ground-granulated blast-furnace slag --- carbon black --- self-heating
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This book, as a collection of 17 research articles, provides a selection of the most recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and applications of environmentally friendly and biodegradable biopolymer composites and nanocomposites. Recently, the demand has been growing for a clean and pollution-free environment and an evident target regarding the minimization of fossil fuel usage. Therefore, much attention has been focused on research to replace petroleum-based commodity plastics by biodegradable materials arising from biological and renewable resources. Biopolymers—polymers produced from natural sources either chemically from a biological material or biosynthesized by living organisms—are suitable alternatives for addressing these issues due to their outstanding properties, including good barrier performance, biodegradation ability, and low weight. However, they generally possess poor mechanical properties, a short fatigue life, low chemical resistance, poor long-term durability, and limited processing capability. In order to overcome these deficiencies, biopolymers can be reinforced with fillers or nanofillers (with at least one of their dimensions in the nanometer range). Bionanocomposites are advantageous for a wide range of applications, such as in medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food packaging, agriculture, forestry, electronics, transport, construction, and many more.
nanocellulose --- protease sensor --- human neutrophil elastase --- peptide-cellulose conformation --- aerogel --- glycol chitosan --- ?-tocopherol succinate --- amphiphilic polymer --- micelles --- paclitaxel --- chitosan --- PVA --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- nanocellulose --- carbon nanotubes --- nanocomposite --- conductivity --- surfactant --- Poly(propylene carbonate) --- thermoplastic polyurethane --- compatibility --- toughness --- biopolyester --- compatibilizer --- cellulose --- elastomer --- toughening --- biodisintegration --- heat deflection temperature --- biopolymers composites --- MgO whiskers --- PLLA --- in vitro degradation --- natural rubber --- plasticized starch --- polyfunctional monomers --- physical and mechanical properties --- cross-link density --- water uptake --- chitosan --- deoxycholic acid --- folic acid --- amphiphilic polymer --- micelles --- paclitaxel --- silk fibroin --- glass transition --- DMA --- FTIR --- stress-strain --- active packaging materials --- alginate films --- antimicrobial agents --- antioxidant activity --- biodegradable films --- essential oils --- polycarbonate --- thermal decomposition kinetics --- TG/FTIR --- Py-GC/MS --- wheat gluten --- potato protein --- chemical pre-treatment --- structural profile --- tensile properties --- biocomposites --- natural fibers --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- biodegradation --- impact properties --- chitin nanofibrils --- poly(lactic acid) --- nanocomposites --- bio-based polymers --- natural fibers --- biomass --- biocomposites --- fiber/matrix adhesion --- bio-composites --- mechanical properties --- poly(lactic acid) --- cellulose fibers --- n/a
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Research on alternative energy harvesting technologies, conversion and storage systems with high efficiency, cost-effective and environmentally friendly systems, such as fuel cells, rechargeable metal-air batteries, unitized regenerative cells, and water electrolyzers has been stimulated by the global demand on energy. The conversion between oxygen and water plays a key step in the development of oxygen electrodes: oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), processes activated mostly by precious metals, like platinum. Their scarcity, their prohibitive cost, and declining activity greatly hamper large-scale applications. This issue reports on novel non-precious metal electrocatalysts based on the innovative design in chemical compositions, structure, and morphology, and supports for the oxygen reaction.
metal–organic framework --- non-precious metal catalyst --- oxygen reduction reaction --- Co-bpdc --- Co-bpdc/MWCNTs composites --- fuel cells --- manganese dioxide --- silver bismuthate --- alkaline --- oxygen reduction reaction --- non-precious metal catalyst --- oxygen reduction reaction --- binary nitrogen precursors --- g-C3N4 --- 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine --- layered double hydroxide --- oxygen evolution reaction --- active site --- water splitting --- Fe-N-C catalyst --- oxygen reduction reaction --- nitrogen sulfur co-doped carbon nanofibers --- bacterial cellulose/poly(methylene blue) hybrids --- oxygen reduction reaction --- electrocatalyst --- graphene-carbon nanotube aerogel --- cobalt and nitrogen co-doped --- oxygen reduction reaction --- oxygen evolution reaction --- oxygen reduction reaction --- heteroatom doping --- metal-free catalysts --- nanocarbon --- three-dimensional --- oxygen evolution reaction --- mesoporous NiO --- water splitting --- nucleophilic attack --- electrophilic Ni3+ and O? --- electrocatalysis --- cobalt-based electrocatalysts --- oxygen reduction reaction --- oxygen evolution reaction --- hydrogen evolution reaction --- non-precious metal --- n/a
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Nanomedicine represents one of the most investigated areas in the last two decades in the field of pharmaceutics. Several nanovectors have been developed and a growing number of products have been approved. It is well known that many biomaterials are able to self-organize under controlled conditions giving rise nanostructures. Polymers, lipids, inorganic materials, peptides and proteins, and surfactants are examples of such biomaterials and the self-assembling property can be exploited to design nanovectors that are useful for drug delivery. The self-organization of nanostructures is an attractive approach to preparing nanovectors, avoiding complex and high-energy-consuming preparation methods, and, in some cases, facilitating drug loading procedures. Moreover, preparations based on these biocompatible and pharmaceutical grade biomaterials allow an easy transfer from the lab to the industrial scale. This book reports ten different works, and a review, aiming to cover multiple strategies and pharmaceutical applications in the field of self-organizing nanovectors for drug delivery.
chitosan --- polyelectrolyte complexes --- doxorubicin --- zoledronic acid --- multidrug resistance --- polypeptides --- amphiphilic random copolymers --- nanoparticles --- C-peptide --- encapsulation --- diabetes --- in situ gelling systems --- photo-thermal therapy --- gold reduction --- localized heating effect --- irradiation cycles --- syringeable implant --- mixed polymeric micelles --- pH/redox-responsive --- drug delivery --- controlled release --- anticancer --- vapor nanobubbles --- laser treatment --- triggered release --- liposomes --- gold nanoparticles --- graphene quantum dots --- biofilms --- diffusion barrier --- Oral antimicrobials --- caries prevention --- natural extracts --- nanovesicles --- eukaryotic vaults --- nanoparticle --- drug delivery systems --- nanocage --- protein self-assembly --- hydrogel --- drug delivery system --- self-assembly --- bolaform amphiphilic lipids --- bolalipids --- aerogel --- chorioallantoic membrane model --- antimicrobial photodynamic therapy --- nano-assemblies --- trehalose --- squalene --- betulinic acid --- autophagy induction --- siRNA delivery --- nanoparticles --- pulmonary surfactant --- drug delivery --- astaxanthin --- resveratrol --- curcumin --- hyaluronan --- nanohydrogels --- oxidative stress --- intracellular therapy
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