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Nowadays, transition metal-oxides can be considered the most investigated materials especially in their nanostructured forms thanks to their intrinsic smart properties and to the positive effects induced by scaling their dimension down to the nanoscale. Among them, ZnO and TiO2 have attracted particular interest mainly because of their multi-functionality applicable in an enormous range of research fields. The present Special Issue – composed by twenty-seven papers, both reviews and research articles - covers the most recent advances in ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures, concerning not only their synthesis and characterization, but also reports of the manner(s) in which their functional and smart properties can be applied in working devices. Applications of such nanostructures can range widely, from biomedical and drug delivery devices to piezoelectric and chemical sensors, and energy harvesting, conversion, and storage devices.

ZnO --- TiO2 --- nanostructures --- smart materials

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The electrospinning method has the unique ability to produce structured polymeric fibers on the micro or nano scale and to generate novel materials for food and healthcare purposes. The potential of electrospun nanofibers for human healthcare applications is promising, for example, in tissue/organ repair and regeneration, in medical diagnostics and instrumentation, and as vectors to deliver drugs and therapeutics, as biocompatible and biodegradable medical implant devices, as protective fabrics against environmental and infectious agents in hospitals and general surroundings. Furthermore, considerable effort has been directed toward developing scaffolds using biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic, natural polymers or renewable materials that enhance in vitro cell growth, while killing pathogenic bacteria cells. This Special Issue ""Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers for Food and Health Applications” will cover the latest research of electrospun nanofibres in this field including shape-memory electrospun fibre meshes with programmable cell orientation, water-absorbing nano?ber meshes for e?cient removal of excess water from kidney failure patients, and hydrogel nano?bers which can be used as a drug carrier for methylene blue.

shape memory nanofiber --- shape memory polymer --- poly(?-caprolactone) --- melting temperature --- cell orientation --- polyurethane --- water absorbing materials --- nanofibers --- electrospinning --- poly(sodium acrylate) --- hemodialysis --- carboxymethyl sago pulp --- controlled release --- electrospinning --- hydrogel --- nanofiber --- Curcuma comosa --- electrospinning --- gelatin --- S. epidermidis --- S. aureus --- electrospinning --- nanofiber mat --- ZnO --- polyacrylonitrile (PAN) --- brittleness

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The book compiles scientific articles describing advances in nanomaterial synthesis and their application in water remediation. The publications treat diverse problems such as dye degradation, heavy metal ion, as well as radioactive element capture and sequestration. There are 10 original research articles and one review article. The latter proposes graphene/CNT and Prussian blue nanocomposites for radioactive 137-cesium extraction from aqueous media. All reports thoroughly characterize the nanomaterials post-synthesis and describe their catalytic, photocatalytic, or ion exchange activities in contaminated water. The dyes studied in the collection are azo dyes, i.e. methylene blue and orange, rhodamine B, phenolic dyes viz. bromophenol blue, and other dyes with sulfonyl groups. Extraction of radioactive elements, including cationic 137Cs+ and anionic 125I?, is also investigated. The omnipresence of ZnO nanoparticles in everyday products and their effects in wastewater are also evaluated. Layered double hydroxide are capable of capturing Ag ions, which then has a catalytic effect on dye degradation. The nanomaterials considered are varied, viz., graphene, CNT, Prussian blue, nanoporous carbon, layered double hydroxides, magnetite, ferrites, organic powders, polymer membranes, bacteria, and inorganic nanomaterials such as MnO and Ag. The book targets an interdisciplinary readership.

BiVO4 --- RGO --- Mn–Zn ferrite --- magnetic photocatalyst --- magnetic performance --- photocatalytic mechanism --- bioremediation --- desalination --- membrane --- nanocomposite --- radioactive iodine --- silver nanomaterials --- Dy3+ --- BiOCl --- photocatalyst --- RhB photodegradation --- doping modification --- hydrothermal method --- manganese oxide --- adsorption --- degradation --- nanomixtures --- adsorption --- bromophenol blue --- magnetic nanoparticles --- metal-organic frameworks --- wastewater --- electrospinning --- solvent vapor annealing --- structural regularity --- polydopamine --- dye removal --- beta-cyclodextrin polymer --- host–guest interaction --- dye removal --- wastewater treatment --- electrospinning --- agglomeration --- interaction --- organic pollutants --- stability --- ZnO nanoparticles --- nanoporous carbon --- adsorption properties --- dye --- adsorption models --- supercapacitor --- carbon nanotubes --- graphene --- Prussian blue --- 137-Cesium --- water remediation --- magnetic extraction --- 137Cs+ selectivity --- radioactive contamination --- LDHs --- film --- mixed wastewater --- photocatalytic activity --- n/a

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Heterogeneous catalysis played, plays, and will continue to play, a major key role in industrial processes for large-scale synthesis of commodity chemicals of global importance, and in catalytic systems that possess a critical role in energy generation and environmental protection approaches. As a result of the ongoing progress in materials science, nanotechnology, and characterizations, great advances have been achieved in heterogeneous catalysis by nanomaterials. Efficient approaches and advanced methods for the design of nano-structured composite materials (up to atomic level), subject to specific nano-morphologies with enhanced metal–metal and metal–support interactions favorable for catalysis (that enable fine-tuning of the critical properties of the designed catalysts), provide optimized catalysts with outstanding performances in numerous eco-friendly and cost-effective applications. Accordingly, great progress has been achieved involving, for example, emissions control, waste treatment, photocatalytic, bio-refinery, CO2 utilization, and fuel cells applications, as well as hydrocarbon processing for H2, added-value chemicals, and liquid fuels production. The themed Special Issue has succeeded in collecting 10 high-quality contributions that cover recent research progress in the field for a variety of applications (e.g., environment, energy, added-value chemicals/organics synthesis, and bio-transformation) declaring the prospect and importance of nanomaterials in all the directions of heterogeneous catalysis.

self-catalytic pyrolysis --- porous carbon --- metal–organic frameworks --- antibiotics --- adsorption --- B-doped --- Rh --- TiO2 nanotube --- hydroformylation --- 2-methyl-3-butennitrile --- functionalized olefin --- photocatalysis --- H2 evolution --- red P --- ZnO --- heterostructure --- electrospinning --- g-C3N4/TiO2 --- heterostructures --- visible light --- photocatalyst --- chitosan-MgO nanocomposite --- heterogeneous catalysis --- ethylidenethiosemicarbazides --- thiazoles --- thiadiazoles --- maleic anhydride --- oxygen vacancies --- selective hydrogenation --- Ni/ZrO2 --- oxygen evolution reaction --- metal-organic frameworks --- MXene --- Ti3C2Tx --- hybrid --- ?-glucosidase --- carbon cuboids --- hydroxytyrosol --- oleuropein --- bio-catalysis --- nano-biocatalyst --- zeolites --- polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers --- dimethoxymethane --- trioxymethylene --- Brønsted acid sites --- the maximum included sphere --- steric constraint --- halide perovskite --- photocatalysis --- visible-light --- Rhodamine B --- oxidation --- n/a

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Sterols and other isoprenoids are of great interest for their molecular structure and function in cell architecture and evolution, as well as for their importance in medicine and agriculture. Molecules’ 2019 Festschrift Special Issue in honor of the 65th birthday of Prof. W. David Nes, an internationally recognized chemical biologist and recipient of the George Schroepher medal for sterol research, focuses on recent developments in the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of these polycyclic natural products. This volume of Molecules contains 16 leading-edge review articles and original research contributions from an international cast of scientists. This volume is grouped into three sections: (i) isoprenoid metabolome and diversity, (ii) clinical evaluation of sterol and triterpene structures and biosynthesis, and (iii) methods and synthesis of steroids and other compounds. The volume will be a valuable reference tool for those who study medicinal chemistry, protein chemistry, and biochemistry of isoprenoid lipids.

Zingiber officinale --- gingerols --- cytotoxic activity --- oleanolic acid --- high-fat high-carbohydrate diet --- pre-diabetes --- glucose homeostasis --- insulin resistance --- atherosclerosis --- ROS --- HUVECs --- LOX-1 --- alkaloid --- granatane --- N-methylcadaverine --- N-methylpiperidine. reductive deamination --- Mucorales --- Rhizopus arrhizus --- sterol pattern --- antifungal effectivity --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- posaconazole --- sterol biosynthesis --- sterol 14?-demethylase --- sterol C24-methyltransferase --- mechanism-based inactivators --- antifungals --- azoles --- antiparasitic drugs --- human African trypanosomiasis --- Chagas disease --- synthesis --- squalene cyclase --- cycloartenol synthase --- triterpene --- fern --- Polystichum --- terpene --- isoprenoid --- divalent metal co-factor ligation --- antioxidant --- cholesterol --- degeneration --- oxysterol --- retina --- Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome --- algal sterols --- ergosterol biosynthesis --- infectious disease --- lipidomics --- oxyphytosterol --- pharmacognosy --- phytosterol --- sterolomics --- lupeol --- keratinocytes --- fibroblasts --- wound healing --- cell migration --- UV-radiation --- ZnO --- toxicity --- sterol content --- cholesterol --- leishmania --- solanaceae --- withanolides --- aurelianolides --- phytosterols --- mesocarp --- oilseed --- maturity --- pod-blast --- ?-tocopherol --- oil bodies --- campesterol --- stigmasterol --- ?-sitosterol --- sterol --- C4-demethylation complex (C4DMC) --- 4-methylsterol --- hormone --- steroid --- development --- genetic disease --- bile alcohol --- cholestanoic acid --- oxysterol --- sterolomics --- enzyme-assisted derivatization --- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry --- Girard reagent --- n/a