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Nowadays, transition metal-oxides can be considered the most investigated materials especially in their nanostructured forms thanks to their intrinsic smart properties and to the positive effects induced by scaling their dimension down to the nanoscale. Among them, ZnO and TiO2 have attracted particular interest mainly because of their multi-functionality applicable in an enormous range of research fields. The present Special Issue – composed by twenty-seven papers, both reviews and research articles - covers the most recent advances in ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures, concerning not only their synthesis and characterization, but also reports of the manner(s) in which their functional and smart properties can be applied in working devices. Applications of such nanostructures can range widely, from biomedical and drug delivery devices to piezoelectric and chemical sensors, and energy harvesting, conversion, and storage devices.

ZnO --- TiO2 --- nanostructures --- smart materials

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Although the seminal work of Fujishima et al. dates back to 1971, TiO2 still remains the most diffused and studied semiconductor, employed in photo-oxidation processes for cleantech (i.e., polluted water and air treatment), in solar fuel production (mainly hydrogen production by water photo splitting), and in Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) processes by CO2 photoreduction. The eleven articles, among them three reviews, in this book cover recent results and research trends of various aspects of titanium dioxide photocatalysis, with the chief aim of improving the final efficiency of TiO2-based materials. Strategies include doping, metal co-catalyst deposition, and the realization of composites with plasmonic materials, other semiconductors, and graphene. Photocatalysts with high efficiency and selectivity can be also obtained by controlling the precise crystal shape (and homogeneous size) and the organization in superstructures from ultrathin films to hierarchical nanostructures. Finally, the theoretical modeling of TiO2 nanoparticles is discussed and highlighted. The range of topics addressed in this book will stimulate the reader’s interest as well as provide a valuable source of information for researchers in academia and industry.

TiO2 --- nanorod spheres --- nanorod arrays --- flexible substrates --- microwave irradiation --- photocatalysis --- Ag/AgCl@TiO2 fibers --- plasmonic photocatalyst --- photodegradation --- photocatalysis --- spray coating --- ultrasonic vibration --- graphene-TiO2 --- sol-gel --- microstreaming --- TiO2 --- S-doping --- sulfidation --- HRTEM --- XRD --- UV-visible --- FTIR --- pine-cone TiO2 nanoclusters --- formation mechanism --- lattice defects --- optical absorption --- large-sized films --- printing and dyeing wastewater --- titanium dioxide --- photocatalysis --- surface defects --- bulk defects --- trapped electrons --- accumulated electrons --- TiO2 --- brookite --- polymorph --- polymorphism --- photocatalysis --- photocatalysis --- flame-spray pyrolysis --- TiO2 modification --- Cu and Pt nanoparticles --- photocatalytic hydrogen production --- methanol photo-steam reforming --- photocatalysis --- copper-modified titania --- oxidative reaction systems --- heterojunction --- nanospheres --- simulated Extended X-ray Adsorption Fine-Structure (EXAFS) --- excitons --- trapping --- titania/water interface --- SCC-DFTB --- B3LYP --- titanium --- anodization --- TiO2 nanotubes --- hardness --- adhesion --- photoelectrochemistry --- n/a

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Photoactive nanomaterials have been receiving increasing attention due to their potential application in the light-driven degradation of water and gas-phase pollutants. However, to exploit the great potential of photoactive materials and access their properties requires fine-tuning of their size/shape-dependent chemical–physical properties, and on the ability to integrate them in photoreactors or to deposit them onto large surfaces. Therefore, the synthetic approach as well as post-synthesis manipulation could strongly affect the final photocatalytic properties of the nanomaterial. The aim of the present Special Issue is to report on the most recent progress towards the application of photoactive nanomaterials and nanomaterial-based coatings in pollutant degradation, paying particular attention to cases close to real application: scalable synthetic approaches to nanocatalysts, preparation of nanocatalyst-based coatings, degradation of real pollutants and bacterial inactivation, and application in building materials.

sputtering --- composite nanorods --- shell thickness --- photocatalytic activity --- titanium dioxide --- nanoparticles --- photocatalysis --- sulfate attack --- mortar --- cement --- blast furnace slag --- expansion --- deterioration --- microcracks --- photoelectrocatalysis --- TiO2 nanotube --- Pt loaded TiO2 --- paraquat --- polar herbicide --- degradation --- diclofenac --- hydroxyapatite --- photocatalysis --- transformation products --- toxicity --- photocatalysis --- nanocomposites --- heterojunction --- Z-scheme --- Cu2O --- TiO2 --- antimicrobial properties --- photocatalysis --- reactive green 12 --- CuxO/TiO2 --- polyester --- HiPIMS --- visible light LEDs --- photocatalysis --- titanium dioxide --- mesoporous --- nanomaterials --- environmental remediation --- water remediation --- NOx --- VOCs --- photocatalysis --- nanomaterials --- advanced oxidation processes --- water treatments --- recalcitrant pollutants --- gas-phase pollutants --- NOx --- VOCs --- building materials --- disinfection

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The Special Issue, “Nanomaterials for Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion”, describes the significant and increasing role of nanomaterials in catalysis. It is believed that the most important factor for future human development could be to use nanomaterials (nanotechnology) to solve such critical issues facing humanity such as environment, water and energy. It should be also pointed out that properties of nanomaterials differ substantially from that of bulk materials of the same composition, resulting in high reactivity. Therefore, it creates new perspectives for the catalytic processes in the broad sense. This issue was mainly dedicated as a platform for the contributions from The Symposium on Nanomaterials for Environmental Purification and Energy Conversion (SNEPEC), which was held in Sapporo, Japan in winter 2018. Accordingly, this book compiles the current state-of-the-art of research in the area of novel photocatalysts and highlights current research directions in the fields of advanced oxidation technologies, material science and nanotechnology. Written by leading experts in the field of photochemistry and chemical engineering, a collection of 17 papers, including 16 research papers and one review, covers a broad range of topics focusing on the exceptional role of catalytic nanomaterials in solving environmental and energy problems of modern societies. The majority of papers present the importance of photocatalytic nanomaterials, especially for degradation of organic pollutants and inactivation of microorganisms, but there is also a strong representation of conventional catalysis, based on nanomaterials for important processes such as catalytic hydrogen production and organic synthesis.

TiOF2 --- NaOH-modified TiOF2 --- network shape --- photocatalysis --- RhB --- chemical looping reforming of methane --- yttrium promoted oxygen carrier --- SBA-16 --- hydrogen production --- conductive cotton filter --- carbon nanotubes --- low-cost --- water purification --- gravity feed --- alcohols --- salicylic acid --- multiwalled carbon nanotubes --- synthesis gas --- titanium dioxide --- graphene --- photocatalysis --- visible light --- dyes --- Cu nanoparticles --- Cu/FTO nanocomposites --- H2 evolution --- visible light --- transfer efficiency --- chemical looping --- oxygen carrier --- hydrogen production --- narrow pore size distribution --- Fe2O3 dispersion --- texture modification --- photocatalytic reduction --- TiO2 --- anatase --- CO2 --- flue gas --- adsorption --- magnetic ZnO --- methylene blue --- photodegradation --- rectorite --- dimethyl carbonate --- carbon dioxide --- ceria nanowires --- oxygen vacancy --- Pt-Au --- XAFS --- BCLA --- zinc chromite --- photocatalysis activity --- oxalate --- humic acid --- photocatalysis --- CO2 reduction --- anatase --- polydopamine --- sensitization --- heterogeneous photocatalysis --- TiO2/Cu2O nanotubes --- anodization --- nanomaterials fabrication --- removal of microbiological pollutants --- photocatalysis --- nanocomposites --- heterojunction --- Cu2O --- urea --- polytriazine --- Z-scheme --- ionic liquids --- ionic liquid-assisted solvothermal reaction --- reaction time --- titanium dioxide --- heterogeneous photocatalysis --- visible light --- C/TiO2 --- photocatalysis --- solar radiation --- disinfection --- immobilized catalyst --- n/a

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Heterogeneous catalysis played, plays, and will continue to play, a major key role in industrial processes for large-scale synthesis of commodity chemicals of global importance, and in catalytic systems that possess a critical role in energy generation and environmental protection approaches. As a result of the ongoing progress in materials science, nanotechnology, and characterizations, great advances have been achieved in heterogeneous catalysis by nanomaterials. Efficient approaches and advanced methods for the design of nano-structured composite materials (up to atomic level), subject to specific nano-morphologies with enhanced metal–metal and metal–support interactions favorable for catalysis (that enable fine-tuning of the critical properties of the designed catalysts), provide optimized catalysts with outstanding performances in numerous eco-friendly and cost-effective applications. Accordingly, great progress has been achieved involving, for example, emissions control, waste treatment, photocatalytic, bio-refinery, CO2 utilization, and fuel cells applications, as well as hydrocarbon processing for H2, added-value chemicals, and liquid fuels production. The themed Special Issue has succeeded in collecting 10 high-quality contributions that cover recent research progress in the field for a variety of applications (e.g., environment, energy, added-value chemicals/organics synthesis, and bio-transformation) declaring the prospect and importance of nanomaterials in all the directions of heterogeneous catalysis.

self-catalytic pyrolysis --- porous carbon --- metal–organic frameworks --- antibiotics --- adsorption --- B-doped --- Rh --- TiO2 nanotube --- hydroformylation --- 2-methyl-3-butennitrile --- functionalized olefin --- photocatalysis --- H2 evolution --- red P --- ZnO --- heterostructure --- electrospinning --- g-C3N4/TiO2 --- heterostructures --- visible light --- photocatalyst --- chitosan-MgO nanocomposite --- heterogeneous catalysis --- ethylidenethiosemicarbazides --- thiazoles --- thiadiazoles --- maleic anhydride --- oxygen vacancies --- selective hydrogenation --- Ni/ZrO2 --- oxygen evolution reaction --- metal-organic frameworks --- MXene --- Ti3C2Tx --- hybrid --- ?-glucosidase --- carbon cuboids --- hydroxytyrosol --- oleuropein --- bio-catalysis --- nano-biocatalyst --- zeolites --- polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers --- dimethoxymethane --- trioxymethylene --- Brønsted acid sites --- the maximum included sphere --- steric constraint --- halide perovskite --- photocatalysis --- visible-light --- Rhodamine B --- oxidation --- n/a