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This book contains the joint proceedings of the Winter School of Hakodate (WSH) 2011 held in Hakodate, Japan, March 15–16, 2011, and the 6th International Workshop on Natural Computing (6th IWNC) held in Tokyo, Japan, March 28–30, 2012, organized by the Special Interest Group of Natural Computing (SIG-NAC), the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI). This volume compiles refereed contributions to various aspects of natural computing, ranging from computing with slime mold, artificial chemistry, eco-physics, and synthetic biology, to computational aesthetics.

Simulation and Modeling --- Computational Biology/Bioinformatics --- Models and Principles --- Computer Appl. in Arts and Humanities

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DNA stores and passes the genetic information of almost all living organisms. Its molecular structure and their intramolecular interactions are particularly suitable to maximize stability against oxidative stress and UV-light absorption. Yet the protection and repair strategies are still error-prone: DNA lesions are produced, including the most complex and highly mutagenic ones. An important threat to DNA stability comes from photosensitization, i.e. from the dramatic multiplication of radiation-induced defects mediated by the presence of organic or organometallic dyes compared to the direct exposure to UVA radiation. Moreover, the photo-induced production of singlet oxygen generates an extremely high oxidative stress on DNA that, in vivo, normally results in extended cellular apoptosis. Elucidating the processes leading to DNA damages, from the production of a simple radical entity to deleterious lesions, as well as the opportunities of repair by devoted enzymes, is a cornerstone towards the development of more efficient protection strategies. Sensitization and selective production of DNA lesions can also be exploited to induce the selective apoptosis of cancer cells upon exposition to radiation or to oxidative stress, for instance in the field of photodynamic therapy. The importance and relevance of the field is witnessed by the impressive amount of high-level papers dealing with this complex subject, and notably tackling the structural elucidation of DNA and DNA-drug adducts, the mechanisms of formation of DNA lesions (including the precise detection of the final lesion products), as well as the influence of the lesions on the DNA stability and dynamics and the consequences on the ease of repair. Due to the complexity of the field lying at the frontiers between chemistry, physics and biology, multidisciplinary strategies allying modeling and experience are needed. This topic aims at giving an extended overview of the current research in the domain, with fundamental contribution from the leading groups in the field of DNA reactivity, structural characterization, photo-chemistry and photo-physics, as well as repair mechanism. It will therefore be a fundamental guide for scientists wanting to address the field of DNA lesion and repair, but also more generally for researchers working in rational drug design or in the development of biomarkers and medical imaging techniques.

DNA lesions --- Oxidative damages --- Radiation induced lesions --- Photosensitization --- simulation and modeling --- Analytical Chemistry --- spectroscopy --- Photochemistry and Photophysics

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Electromechanical transducers based on piezoelectric layers and thin films are continuously finding their way into micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). Piezoelectric transducers feature a linear voltage response, no snap-in behavior and can provide both attractive and repulsive forces. This removes inherent physical limitations present in the commonly used electrostatic transducer approach, while maintaining beneficial properties such as low-power operation. In order to exploit the full potential of piezoelectric MEMS, interdisciplinary research efforts range from investigations of advanced piezoelectric materials over the design of novel piezoelectric MEMS sensor and actuator devices, to the integration of PiezoMEMS devices into full low-power systems. In this Special Issue, the current status of this exciting research field will be presented, covering a wide range of topics including, but not limited to:• Experimental and theoretical research on piezoelectric materials such as AlN, ScAlN, ZnO or PZT, PVDF with a strong focus on the application of MEMS devices.• Deposition and synthesis techniques for piezoelectric materials enabling integration of those materials into MEMS fabrication processes.• Modelling and simulation of piezoelectric MEMS devices and systems.• Piezoelectric MEMS resonators for measuring physical quantities such as mass, acceleration, yaw rate, pressure and viscosity or density of liquids.• Optical MEMS devices, such as scanning micro mirror devices and optical switches, based on piezoelectric MEMS.• Acoustic devices, such as SAW, BAW or FBARs and acoustic transducers, based on piezoelectric MEMS, such as microphones or loudspeakers.• Piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.• Specific packaging aspects of piezoelectric devices and systems.• Low and zero power systems, featuring low-power sensors combined with energy harvesting devices, at least one of which is based on piezoelectric MEMS.

Piezoelectric materials --- Simulation and modeling of piezoelectric MEMS --- Piezoelectric MEMS resonators --- Acoustic MEMS devices --- Surface acoustic wave devices --- Piezoelectric energy harvesting --- Packaging of piezoelectric MEMS --- Smart electronics for piezoelectric devices and systems

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The open access two-volume set LNCS 12224 and 12225 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32st International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2020, held in Los Angeles, CA, USA, in July 2020.* The 43 full papers presented together with 18 tool papers and 4 case studies, were carefully reviewed and selected from 240 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: AI verification; blockchain and Security; Concurrency; hardware verification and decision procedures; and hybrid and dynamic systems. Part II: model checking; software verification; stochastic systems; and synthesis. *The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Software Engineering --- Theory of Computation --- Artificial Intelligence --- Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks --- Computer Hardware --- Simulation and Modeling --- Computer Engineering and Networks --- Computer Science --- architecture verification and validation --- artificial intelligence --- automata theory --- computer systems --- correlation analysis --- distributed computer systems --- embedded systems --- formal languages --- formal logic --- linguistics --- model checking --- programming languages --- semantics --- software architecture --- software design --- software quality --- verification and validation --- Open Access --- Computer science --- Mathematical theory of computation --- Artificial intelligence --- Computer networking & communications --- Computer hardware --- Computer modelling & simulation

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In this concise yet comprehensive Open Access textbook, future inventors are introduced to the key concepts of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Using modeling as a way to develop deeper understanding of the computational and physical components of these systems, one can express new designs in a way that facilitates their simulation, visualization, and analysis. Concepts are introduced in a cross-disciplinary way. Leveraging hybrid (continuous/discrete) systems as a unifying framework and Acumen as a modeling environment, the book bridges the conceptual gap in modeling skills needed for physical systems on the one hand and computational systems on the other. In doing so, the book gives the reader the modeling and design skills they need to build smart, IT-enabled products. Starting with a look at various examples and characteristics of Cyber-Physical Systems, the book progresses to explain how the area brings together several previously distinct ones such as Embedded Systems, Control Theory, and Mechatronics. Featuring a simulation-based project that focuses on a robotics problem (how to design a robot that can play ping-pong) as a useful example of a CPS domain, Cyber-Physical Systems: A Model-Based Approach demonstrates the intimate coupling between cyber and physical components, and how designing robots reveals several non-trivial control problems, significant embedded and real-time computation requirements, and a need to consider issues of communication and preconceptions.

Computer Systems Organization and Communication Networks --- Cyber-physical systems, IoT --- Simulation and Modeling --- Control, Robotics, Mechatronics --- Computer Engineering and Networks --- Cyber-Physical Systems --- Computer Science --- Control, Robotics, Automation --- CPS --- Embedded System --- model-based engineering --- hybrid systems --- Acumen --- coordinate transformations --- modeling computational systems --- modeling physical systems --- control --- sensing and actuation --- game theory --- Open Access --- Computer networking & communications --- Electrical engineering --- Cybernetics & systems theory --- Computer modelling & simulation --- Automatic control engineering --- Electronic devices & materials