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Since their discovery in 1895, the detection of X-rays has had a strong impact on and various applications in several fields of science and human life. Impressive efforts have been made to develop new types of detectors and new techniques, aiming to obtain higher precision both in terms of energy and position. Depending on the applications, solid state detectors, microcalorimeters, and various types of spectrometers currently serve as the best options for spectroscopic and imaging detectors. Recent advancements in micron and meV precision have opened the door for groundbreaking applications in fundamental physics, medical science, astrophysics, cultural heritage, and several other fields. The aim of this Special Issue is to compile an overview, from different communities and research fields, of the most recent developments in X-ray detection and their possible impacts in various sectors, such as in exotic atom measurements, quantum physics studies, XRF, XES, EXAFS, plasma emission spectroscopy, monochromators, synchrotron radiation, telescopes, and space engineering. All the papers included in this Special Issue contribute to emphasizing the importance of X-ray detection in a very broad range of physics topics; most of these topics are covered by the published works, and several others are mentioned in the paper references, providing an interesting and very useful synopsis, from a variety of different communities and research fields, of the most recent developments in X-ray detection and their impact in fundamental research and societal applications.
soft X-rays --- XAFS --- beamlines --- synchrotron radiation --- material science --- X-ray reflectivity --- Mössbauer spectroscopy --- magnetic multilayers --- standing waves --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- amylin --- high energy resolution fluorescence detection --- HOPG --- HAPG --- Pyrolytic Graphite --- von Hamos --- mosaic spread --- mosaicity --- rocking curve --- Compton camera --- positron emission tomography --- Compton scattering --- scintillation detector --- silicon photomultiplier --- medical applications --- free electron lasers --- coherent imaging --- X-ray Raman --- X-ray absorption --- THz radiation --- solid-state detectors --- radiation detectors --- photodetectors --- X- and ?-ray instruments --- X- and ?-ray sources, mirrors, gratings, and detectors --- X-ray and ?-ray spectrometers --- optical materials --- X-ray diffraction --- optical instruments and equipment --- molybdenum --- TM oxides --- XAFS --- thin films --- kaonic atoms --- strong interaction --- X-ray detectors --- Pauli exclusion principle --- quantum foundations --- X-ray spectroscopy --- underground experiment --- X-ray --- XAS --- XRF --- multidisciplinarity --- X-ray source facilities --- material investigation --- graphite crystals
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The crystal chemistry of spin crossover (SCO) behavior in coordination compounds can potentially be in association with smart materials—promising materials for applications as components of memory devices, displays, sensors and mechanical devices and, especially, actuators, such as artificial muscles. This Special Issue is devoted to various aspects of SCO and related research, comprising 18 interesting original papers on valuable and important SCO topics. Significant and fundamental scientific attention has been focused on the SCO phenomena in a wide research range of fields of fundamental chemical and physical and related sciences, containing the interdisciplinary regions of chemical and physical sciences related to the SCO phenomena. Coordination materials with bistable systems between the LS and the HS states are usually triggered by external stimuli, such as temperature, light, pressure, guest molecule inclusion, soft X-ray, and nuclear decay. Since the first Hofmann-like spin crossover (SCO) behavior in {Fe(py)2[Ni(CN)4]}n (py = pyridine) was demonstrated, this crystal chemistry motif has been frequently used to design Fe(II) SCO materials to enable determination of the correlations between structural features and magnetic properties.
spin crossover --- spin transition --- cobalt(II) ion --- paramagnetic ligand --- aminoxyl --- switch --- mosaicity --- spin crossover --- X-ray diffraction --- fatigability --- single crystal --- phase transition --- structural disorder --- spin-crossover --- dinuclear triple helicate --- Fe(II) --- solvent effects --- metal dithiolene complexes --- [Au(dmit)2]?, [Au(dddt)2]? --- ion-pair crystals --- [Fe(III)(3-OMesal2-trien)]+ --- coordination complexes --- crystal structure --- magnetic properties --- magnetic susceptibility --- magnetization --- spin-crossover transition --- Fe(II) complex --- dipyridyl-N-alkylamine ligands --- high spin (HS) --- low spin (LS) --- spin cross-over (SCO) --- magnetic transition --- cobalt oxide --- spin polaron --- impurity effect --- spin-state crossover --- coordination polymer --- supramolecular isomerism --- spin crossover --- crystal engineering --- spin crossover --- X-ray absorption spectroscopy --- soft X-ray induced excited spin state trapping --- high spin --- spin-crossover --- LIESST effect --- hydrogen bonding --- ?-? interactions --- charge-transfer phase transition --- iron mixed-valence complex --- hetero metal complex --- dithiooxalato ligand --- substitution of 3d transition metal ion --- ferromagnetism --- dielectric response --- 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy --- Fe(III) coordination complexes --- hexadentate ligand --- Schiff base --- spin crossover --- UV-Vis spectroscopy --- SQUID --- EPR spectroscopy --- spin-crossover --- optical microscopy --- reaction diffusion --- spin crossover --- Fe(III) complex --- qsal ligand --- thermal hysteresis --- structure phase transition --- counter-anion --- solvate --- lattice energy --- optical conductivity spectrum --- spiral structure --- 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane --- supramolecular coordination polymer --- chiral propeller structure --- atropisomerism --- spin crossover --- iron(II) complexes --- C–H···? interactions --- magnetic properties --- thermochromism --- spin crossover --- linear pentadentate ligand --- iron(II) --- mononuclear --- 1,2,3-triazole --- crystal structure --- magnetic properties --- DFT calculation --- intermolecular interactions --- amorphous --- spin crossover --- Cu(II) complexes --- nitroxides --- phase transitions --- magnetostructural correlations --- iron (II), spin crossover --- X-ray diffraction --- coordination polymers --- n/a
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