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It is increasingly recognised that EU development cooperation policy has failed to meet its stated aims. In this book Arts and Dickson ask the obvious and important question: if the policy doesn't work, why bother with it? The authors assess why EU development policy has become largely ineffective, citing among the external causal factors the liberalisation of trade, and the growing influence of US and international actors such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund upon EU policy. It also considers contributing factors within the EU such as the enlargement of its membership and the resulting shifts in priorities. It is this analysis of internal and external factors affecting the decline of EU development policy that makes this study both innovative and unique. It brings together an impressive range of contributors from different disciplines resulting in a thorough and intelligent assessment of the debate. This study will appeal to advanced level undergraduates and academics of European politics in general, EU integration, development studies, and International Relations.
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In Ruling Capital, Kevin P. Gallagher demonstrates how several emerging market and developing countries (EMDs) managed to reregulate cross-border financial flows in the wake of the global financial crisis, despite the political and economic difficulty of doing so at the national level. Gallagher also shows that some EMDs, particularly the BRICS coalition, were able to maintain or expand their sovereignty to regulate cross-border finance under global economic governance institutions. Gallagher combines econometric analysis with in-depth interviews with officials and interest groups in select emerging markets and policymakers at the International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, and the G-20 to explain key characteristics of the global economy.
Economics --- finance --- monetary policy --- IMF --- WTO
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This book focuses on «Convertibilidad», the latest Argentine experience of exchange rate based stabilisation, and aims at isolating the main causes for its tragic collapse in 2001-2002. The characteristics of Argentina’s high and hyperinflation during the 1980s are analysed, and the theory of currency boards is expounded. The stabilisation tool, an institutionally highly credible currency board arrangement (CBA), though highly effective, could not be an optimal long-term solution, given the country’s structural and trade characteristics. The analysis of the causes of the CBA’s collapse yields a complex picture of interacting factors, among them invaliding ones that had created multiple vulnerabilities over years, and triggering ones that unfolded their worst potential in meeting such vulnerable conditions.
Argentina --- Argentinien --- Board --- Bust --- Case --- Currency --- Currency Board --- Fixed Exchange Rates --- Geschichte 1980-2002 --- Hyperinflation --- Hyperinflation --- IMF --- Inflation --- IWF --- Konvertierbarkeit --- Maute --- Währung --- Washington Consensus --- Wechselkurs
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This is the first monograph-length study that charts the coercive diplomacy of the administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford as practised against their British ally in order to persuade Edward Heath’s government to follow a more amenable course throughout the ‘Year of Europe’ and to convince Harold Wilson’s governments to lessen the severity of proposed defence cuts. Such diplomacy proved effective against Heath but rather less so against Wilson. It is argued that relations between the two sides were often strained, indeed, to the extent that the most ‘special’ elements of the relationship were suspended. Yet, the relationship also witnessed considerable co-operation. This book offers new perspectives on US and UK policy towards British membership of the European Economic Community; demonstrates how US détente policies created strain; reveals the temporary shutdown of US-UK intelligence and nuclear co-operation, and re-evaluates the US-UK relationship throughout the IMF Crisis.
Political Science --- International relations --- Politics --- Richard Nixon --- Gerald Ford --- Harold Wilson --- IMF Crisis --- diplomacy --- US-UK relations --- US-UK relationship --- special relationship --- transatlantic relations --- foreign policy --- 1969-1977 --- nuclear co-operation
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"As their Millennium Development Goals, world leaders have pledged by 2015 to halve the number of people living in extreme poverty and hunger, to achieve universal primary education, to reduce child mortality, to halt the spread of HIV/AIDS, and to halve the number of people without safe drinking water. Achieving these goals requires a large increase in the flow of financial resources to developing countries – double the present development assistance from abroad. In examining innovative ways to secure these resources, this book, which is part of the UNU–WIDER Studies in Development Economics series, sets out a framework for the economic analysis of different sources of funding and applying the tools of modern public economics to identify the key issues. It examines the role of new sources of overseas aid, considers the fiscal architecture and the lessons that can be learned from federal fiscal systems, asks how far increased transfers impose a burden on donors, and investigates how far the raising of resources can be separated from their use. In turn, the book examines global environmental taxes (such as a carbon tax), the taxation of currency transactions (the Tobin tax), a development‐focused allocation of Special Drawing Rights by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the UK Government proposal for an International Finance Facility, increased private donations for development purposes, a global lottery (or premium bond), and increased remittances by emigrants. In each case, it considers the feasibility of the proposal and the resources that it can realistically raise, and offers new perspectives and insights into these new and controversial proposals. "
child mortality reduction --- development economics --- allocation of Special Drawing Rights by IMF --- development assistance --- development finance --- economic analysis --- environmental taxes --- federal fiscal systems --- funding --- global lottery --- global premium bond --- HIV/AIDS spread prevention --- hunger reduction --- International Finance Facility --- Millennium Development Goals --- poverty alleviation --- private donations --- remittances by emigrants --- safe drinking water --- sources of funding --- sources of overseas aid --- Special Drawing Rights --- taxation of currency transactions --- Tobin tax --- universal primary education
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The Special Issue (SI) “Recent Advances in GPR Imaging” offers an up-to-date overview of state-of-the-art research activities dealing with the development of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technology and its recent advances in imaging in the different fields of application. In fact, the advances experimented with over the last few decades with regard to the appearance of new GPR systems and the need to manage large amounts of data suggest an increasing interest in the development of new signal processing algorithms and modeling, as well as in the use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques.
doline --- karst --- land cultivation --- morphometrical analysis --- distributive analysis --- conglomerate --- LiDAR --- digital elevation model (DEM) --- ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- Kranjsko polje --- ground penetrating radar --- electrical resistivity imaging --- quarry --- marble --- ground penetrating radar --- electromagnetic propagation in nonhomogeneous media --- time-domain analysis --- GPR --- clutter --- backscattering --- scattering modelling --- ground-penetrating radar --- terrestrial laser scanning --- infrared thermography --- archaeology --- 3D visualization --- toGPRi --- variational mode decomposition --- empirical mode decomposition --- IMF-slices --- GPR data processing --- GPR imaging --- time-frequency analysis --- ground penetrating radar --- non-destructive testing --- near-surface geophysics --- test site --- Ground Penetrating Radar --- railways --- signal frequency analysis --- track geometry --- railway events --- spectral domain --- network level evaluation --- ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- X-ray fluorescence (XRF) --- karst --- cave sediments --- unroofed caves --- n/a
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Accurate energy forecasting is important to facilitate the decision-making process in order to achieve higher efficiency and reliability in power system operation and security, economic energy use, contingency scheduling, the planning and maintenance of energy supply systems, and so on. In recent decades, many energy forecasting models have been continuously proposed to improve forecasting accuracy, including traditional statistical models (e.g., ARIMA, SARIMA, ARMAX, multi-variate regression, exponential smoothing models, Kalman filtering, Bayesian estimation models, etc.) and artificial intelligence models (e.g., artificial neural networks (ANNs), knowledge-based expert systems, evolutionary computation models, support vector regression, etc.). Recently, due to the great development of optimization modeling methods (e.g., quadratic programming method, differential empirical mode method, evolutionary algorithms, meta-heuristic algorithms, etc.) and intelligent computing mechanisms (e.g., quantum computing, chaotic mapping, cloud mapping, seasonal mechanism, etc.), many novel hybrid models or models combined with the above-mentioned intelligent-optimization-based models have also been proposed to achieve satisfactory forecasting accuracy levels. It is important to explore the tendency and development of intelligent-optimization-based modeling methodologies and to enrich their practical performances, particularly for marine renewable energy forecasting.
short-term load forecasting --- weighted k-nearest neighbor (W-K-NN) algorithm --- comparative analysis --- empirical mode decomposition (EMD) --- particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm --- intrinsic mode function (IMF) --- support vector regression (SVR) --- short term load forecasting --- crude oil price forecasting --- time series forecasting --- hybrid model --- complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) --- sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) --- multi-step wind speed prediction --- Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition --- Long Short Term Memory --- General Regression Neural Network --- Brain Storm Optimization --- substation project cost forecasting model --- feature selection --- data inconsistency rate --- modified fruit fly optimization algorithm --- deep convolutional neural network --- multi-objective grey wolf optimizer --- long short-term memory --- fuzzy time series --- LEM2 --- combination forecasting --- wind speed --- electrical power load --- crude oil prices --- time series forecasting --- improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) --- kernel learning --- kernel ridge regression --- differential evolution (DE) --- artificial intelligence techniques --- energy forecasting --- condition-based maintenance --- asset management --- renewable energy consumption --- Gaussian processes regression --- state transition algorithm --- five-year project --- forecasting --- Markov-switching --- Markov-switching GARCH --- energy futures --- commodities --- portfolio management --- active investment --- diversification --- institutional investors --- energy price hedging --- metamodel --- ensemble --- individual --- regression --- interpolation
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This Special Issue with 35 published articles shows the significance of the topic “Signal Processing and Analysis of Electrical Circuit”. This topic has been gaining increasing attention in recent times. The presented articles can be categorized into four different areas: signal processing and analysis methods of electrical circuits; electrical measurement technology; applications of signal processing of electrical equipment; fault diagnosis of electrical circuits. It is a fact that the development of electrical systems, signal processing methods, and circuits has been accelerating. Electronics applications related to electrical circuits and signal processing methods have gained noticeable attention in recent times. The methods of signal processing and electrical circuits are widely used by engineers and scientists all over the world. The constituent papers represent a significant contribution to electronics and present applications that can be used in industry. Further improvements to the presented approaches are required for realizing their full potential.
VMD --- signal analysis --- ICEEMD --- IMF --- random noise --- attenuation --- commutator motor --- fault diagnosis --- method --- technique --- signal processing --- acoustic --- Inner and outer product --- tensor --- FPGA --- hardware --- direct digital synthesizer (DDS) --- frequency tuning word (FTW) --- stability --- accuracy --- demodulation --- phase-locked loop --- Chebyshev filter --- measurement noise suppression --- class AB operation --- CMOS --- current mirror --- current buffer --- quasi floating gate --- low power --- CMOS --- dynamic comparator --- offset calibration --- high speed --- low noise --- low power --- ADC --- all-pass filter --- CMOS --- time delay --- broadband --- true-time-delay --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- FRA --- multichannel acquisition --- impedance spectrometry --- microcontroller --- intelligent vehicles --- LiDAR odometry --- range sensing --- simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) --- tilt sensor --- sensor data fusion --- complementary filters --- overlap-add processing --- spectral analysis --- variational mode decomposition (VMD) --- duffing chaotic oscillator (DCO) --- permutation entropy (PE) --- feature extraction --- frequency characteristic --- underwater acoustic signal --- ship-radiated noise --- PM/PWM --- capacitance-to-time conversion --- differential capacitive sensor --- brick-wall filter --- fuzzy logic --- induction motor --- Shannon entropy --- short-circuit fault --- APF --- CNFET --- pole-frequency --- chirality --- phase angle --- tuning --- DC–DC converter --- switched capacitor --- power management integrated circuit --- CMOS technology --- frequency standard comparator --- dual Mixing Time difference --- phase difference --- correlation function --- chebyshev polynomial --- compressed sensing --- estimated sparsity --- least squares solution --- stochastic gradient --- reconstruction probability --- direct position determination --- array signal processing --- Doppler shifts --- matrix eigen-perturbation theory --- system errors --- Cramér–Rao bound --- differential power analysis (DPA), SIMON --- fault injection --- double rate --- power randomization --- intention of movement classification --- EMG-Signals --- Support Vector Machines --- asynchronous --- delay cell --- passive resistor --- SAR ADC --- loop delay circuit --- Resistance-to-Period converter --- robust read-out circuits --- ratiometric technique --- Fresnel lens --- wingbeat --- insects --- optoelectronics --- bees --- wasps --- fruit flies --- e-traps --- analog-to-digital converter --- successive approximation register --- direct sampling --- time-interleaved --- channel-selection-embedded bootstrap --- segmented pre-quantization and bypass --- LVDS --- high-speed serial interface --- transmitter --- receiver --- low-power --- image fusion --- multi-sensor fusion --- night vision --- hierarchical heterogeneous multi-DAG workflow --- multigroup scan --- ultrasonic phased array --- heterogeneous earliest finish time --- resolver --- discrete wavelet transform --- singular value decomposition --- automatic calibration --- noise reduction --- ripple voltage measurement --- DAC --- comparator --- peak-ripple estimation --- binary search --- low-cost --- secret image sharing --- digital image --- n-out-of-n scheme --- color palette --- colluder attack --- image restoration --- impulse noise --- ADMM --- HOCTVL1 --- spatially adapted regularization parameter --- rod electrode --- electrostatic induction --- method of images --- induced charge --- induced current --- 3D-IC design --- NILT --- TSV noise coupling --- RDL --- chain matrix --- interconnect line --- n/a
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