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Combines an overview of the key theoretical models of democracy and human rights with a state-of-the-art survey which reports on trade-offs between achievements, set-backs and challenges in some of the world's 'hotspots'. The 20th century has been described as the bloodiest in human history, but it was also the century in which people around the world embraced ideas of democracy and human rights as never before, constructing social, political and legal institutions seeking to contain human behaviour. Todd Landman offers an optimistic, yet cautionary tale of these developments, drawing on the literature, from politics, international relations and international law. He celebrates the global turn from tyranny and violence towards democracy and rights but also warns of the precariousness of these achievements in the face of democratic setbacks and the undermining of rights commitments by many countries during the so-called ‘War on Terror'. This title was made Open Access by libraries from around the world through Knowledge Unlatched.

politics --- human rights

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Austria was active in the CSCE (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe) negotiations, primarily in the contentious areas of humanitarian issues and human rights. Despite consistent claims of neutrality, Vienna supported the Western position on all important questions. Benjamin Gilde's broadly researched study offers major insight into the history of the humanitarian aspect of the CSCE.

CSCE --- Austria --- human rights

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The Global Citizenship Commission was convened, under the leadership of former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and the auspices of NYU’s Global Institute for Advanced Study, to re-examine the spirit and stirring words of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The result – this volume – offers a 21st-century commentary on the original document, furthering the work of human rights and illuminati ng the ideal of global citizenship. What does it mean for each of us to be members of a global community? Since 1948, the Declaration has stood as a beacon and a standard for a better world. Yet the work of making its ideals real is far from over. Hideous and systemic human rights abuses continue to be perpetrated at an alarming rate around the world. Too many people, particularly those in power, are hostile to human rights or indifferent to their claims. Meanwhile, our global interdependence deepens. Bringing together world leaders and thinkers in the fields of philosophy, law, ethics, politics, and philanthropy, the Commission set out to develop a common understanding of the meaning of global citizenship – one that arises from basic human rights and empowers every individual in the world. This landmark report affirms the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and seeks to renew the 1948 enterprise, and the very ideal of the human family, for our day and generation.

Human Rights --- declaration --- law

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This study explores whether and how enshrining children’s rights in national constitutions improves implementation and enforcement of those rights by comparing Danish, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish law. Readership: All interested in children’s rights, human rights and constitutional law. Politicians, academic libraries, researchers, students, practitioners in law.

International human rights law

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About the publicationThis report contains an in depth analysis of the muted right to freedom of expression in Eritrea. The number and forms of human rights violations related to the curtailing of free speech have been and continue to be well documented across the globe. This discourse identifies the right to free reception of information and expression as the bedrock to realising and maintaining the rule of law. Investigated herein is the historical background to the political evolution of the small African state and the social impact of the prevailing human rights violations.This report contains a compilation of human rights violations as determined by international treaty bodies, interviews with Eritrean witnesses and diaspora in exile and civil society reports on the human rights situation. It is argued in the report that the absence of the rule of law in Eritrea is directly attributed to the collapse of free expression as political forces see this right as a threat to their power base – a form of suppression that has nullified all human rights and freedoms and might well damage its people beyond repair.Table of ContentsPrefaceList of abbreviationsList of Eritrean print and electronic mediaAcknowledgmentsExecutive summary EnglishExecutive summary FrenchExecutive summary TigrinyaExecutive summary ArabicIntroductionContextualising the rule of law in EritreaEritrea’s human rights obligations and rule of lawNon-Implementation of the Eritrean ConstitutionSuppression of free expression as an attack on the rule of law in EritreaPrelude to dictatorship: Human rights before September 2001The Crackdown of September 2001Free expression in Eritrea today: Effects of widespread reprisalsClosure of non-state media housesCollapse of the journalistic profession in EritreaInternet censorshipFrom arbitrary arrests to subtle control of the messagePervasive editorial spinThe ‘03’ rumour systemSuppression of foreign and diaspora mediaReporting the work of the courtsEritrea’s international relationsAwareness of the dangers of refugee flightRebirth of independent journalismRecommendationsAnnex I: Compilation of recorded human rights violations related to free speechArbitrary arrest and detentionTorture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishmentDeath in custodyAnnex II: Report of the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review: EritreaI. Recommendations acceptedII. Recommendations that do not enjoy the support of Eritrea

human rights human rights violations freedom of expression Eritrea violations