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This book contains a collection of papers discussing questions related to space and movement in the framework of computational archaeology, landscape archaeology, historical geography and archaeological theory. The contributions, written by recognized experts in the field, show how the study of settlements pattern and movement has been dramatically transformed by the use of technology like Geographic Information System (GIS). The papers focus on the ways to approach past movement using GIS in archaeological landscape studies: theoretical, technical and interpretative issues are addressed and explored. They provide the state of the art in theory and methodology and show, by using case studies, the potential of the developed approaches for the understanding of factors and effects of landscape formation and transformation in the long term.
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GIS is used today to better understand and solve urban problems. This book explores and illustrates the use of geo-information in the planning and management of urban regions. The first part of the book addresses the concept of sustainable urban development, its different frameworks, the many ways of measuring sustainability, and its value in the urban policy arena. The second part discusses how urban planning can shape our cities, examines various spatial configurations of cities, the spread of activities, and the demands placed on different functions to achieve strategic objective. It further focuses on the recognition that urban dwellers are increasingly under threat from natural hazards and climate change.
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Durch den schnellen Fortschritt in der Informationstechnologie und das rapide Anwachsen raumbezogener Daten steigen die Anforderungen an Systeme, die Wissen aus diesen Daten extrahieren und darstellen. ""Urban Data Mining"" wird als Methodik zur Problemlösung verstanden, um logische oder mathematische, zum Teil komplexe Beschreibungen von Mustern und Regelmäßigkeiten in Datensätzen zu entdecken. Auf der Grundlage von bestehenden Methoden des Data Mining und der Knowledge Discovery wird ein für die Stadt- und Regionalforschung strukturiertes methodisches Arbeitskonzept erarbeitet und am deutschen Gemeindesystem empirisch-analytisch vorgestellt. Neben Methoden, die eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme und Auseinandersetzung mit vorhandenen räumlichen Eigenschaften und Entwicklungstendenzen ermöglichen, werden Vorgehensweisen gesucht, die sich eignen, bereits vorhandene Informationen oder Erkenntnisse auf weitere Objekte zu übertragen.
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Given their potentially positive impact on climate protection and the preservation of fossil resources, alternative energy sources have become increasingly important for the energy supply over the past years. However, the questions arises what economic and ecological impacts and potential conflicts over land use resources are associated with the promotion of renewable energy production. Using the examples of three selected European Regions in Poland, France and German, the dissertation discusses these questions and examines the potential and consequences of an intensified usage of renewable energy sources.
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Precision Public Health is a new and rapidly evolving field, that examines the application of new technologies to public health policy and practice. It draws on a broad range of disciplines including genomics, spatial data, data linkage, epidemiology, health informatics, big data, predictive analytics and communications. The hope is that these new technologies will strengthen preventive health, improve access to health care, and reach disadvantaged populations in all areas of the world. But what are the downsides and what are the risks, and how can we ensure the benefits flow to those population groups most in need, rather than simply to those individuals who can afford to pay? This is the first collection of theoretical frameworks, analyses of empirical data, and case studies to be assembled on this topic, published to stimulate debate and promote collaborative work.
public health --- precision --- technology --- data --- GIS --- equity --- ethics --- prevention --- policy
Book title: Eighth International Symposium “Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas. Problems and Measurement Techniques”
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The historical evolution of sandy beaches on the coast of Alicante (Spain) has been analysed from aerial images from 1956 to 2019. The beach nourishments carried out in the 1990s to avoid coastal damages and to improve the touristic offer were studied. Shoreline evolution and beach surface has been obtained using GIS. The change of the sediment composition, from gravel to sand, due to the fills has caused a relevant imbalance. Beach nourishments failed its main aim of avoiding the shoreline erosion, causing environmental damages to the nearby Posidonia oceanica meadows.
Shoreline --- Beach nourishment --- Sediment change --- GIS --- Erosion --- Posidonia oceanica
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Remote sensing and GIS play critical roles in water resource and flood inundation mapping and risk management. Remote sensing provides data sources for mapping water resources (snow and glaciers, water bodies, soil moisture and groundwater), measuring hydrological fluxes (ET, precipitation and river discharge), and monitoring drought and flooding inundation, while GIS provides the best tools for water resources, drought and flooding risk management and for setting up hydrologic models, inputting data processing and output analyses and visualizations. This Special Issue Book presents the best practices, cutting-edge technologies and applications of remote sensing, GIS and hydrologic models for water resources mapping, satellite rainfall measurements, runoff simulation, water body and flood inundation mapping and risk management. The latest technologies applied include 3D model analysis and visualization of glaciers, UAV video image classification for turf grass mapping and irrigation planning, ground penetration radar for soil moisture estimates, TRMM and GPM satellite rainfall measurements, storm hyetograph analysis, rainfall runoff and urban flooding simulation, satellite radar and optical image classification for urban water bodies and flooding inundation. The application of these technologies is expected to greatly relieve the pressures on water resources and assist in better mitigating and adapting to the impact of drought and flooding.
Remote Sensing --- GIS --- Glaciers --- Water Body --- Soil Moisture --- Groundwater --- Flooding --- Rainfall Measurements --- Design Storm --- Runoff Simulation
Book title: Eighth International Symposium “Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas. Problems and Measurement Techniques”
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The coastal area of Bordj El Kiffane has experienced an artificialisation of its shoreline since 1980. This caused a remarkable decline of the shoreline. To remedy this, the solution recommended was the combination of several protection methods. In order to determine the consequence of the protective structures, a study of the historical evolution of the coastline was performed with ArcGIS and DSAS. The results allowed determining its evolutionary rates and comparing the evolutions on different periods in absence and presence of the protection structures.
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spatial humanities --- spatial anthropology --- deep mapping --- cinematic geography/cartography --- literary geography/cartography --- historical GIS --- digital cultural mapping --- psychogeography --- spatial turn
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This book collects more than 20 papers, written by renowned experts and scientists from across the globe, that showcase the state-of-the-art and forefront research in archaeological remote sensing and the use of geoscientific techniques to investigate archaeological records and cultural heritage.Very high resolution satellite images from optical and radar space-borne sensors, airborne multi-spectral images, ground penetrating radar, terrestrial laser scanning, 3D modelling, Geographyc Information Systems (GIS) are among the techniques used in the archaeological studies published in this book. The reader can learn how to use these instruments and sensors, also in combination, to investigate cultural landscapes, discover new sites, reconstruct paleo-landscapes, augment the knowledge of monuments, and assess the condition of heritage at risk. Case studies scattered across Europe, Asia and America are presented: from the World UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa to heritage under threat in the Middle East and North Africa, from coastal heritage in the intertidal flats of the German North Sea to Early and Neolithic settlements in Thessaly.Beginners will learn robust research methodologies and take inspiration; mature scholars will for sure derive inputs for new research and applications.
remote sensing --- optical --- SAR --- geophysics --- terrestrial laser scanning --- point cloud --- GIS --- archaeological prospection --- pattern recognition --- condition assessment
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