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This annual yearbook presents essays in environmental history based on lectures given at the Göttingen study group “Environmental History” by external authors. As previous yearbooks it is dedicated to the plurality of approaches in environmental history and serves as a valuable source for information about current research in that realm.
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This annual yearbook presents essays in environmental history based on lectures given at the Göttingen study group “Environmental History” by external authors. As previous yearbooks it is dedicated to the plurality of approaches in environmental history and serves as a valuable source for information about current research in that realm.
Choose an application
This annual yearbook presents essays in environmental history based on lectures given at the Göttingen study group “Environmental History” by external authors. As previous yearbooks it is dedicated to the plurality of approaches in environmental history and serves as a valuable source for information about current research in that realm.
Choose an application
Aquatic ecosystems are rich in biodiversity and home to a diverse array of species and habitats, providing a wide variety of benefits to human beings. Many of these valuable ecosystems are at risk of being irreversibly damaged by human activities and pressures, including pollution, contamination, invasive species, overfishing and climate change. Such pressures threaten the sustainability of these ecosystems, their provision of ecosystem services and ultimately human well-being. Ecosystem-based management (EBM) is now widely considered the most promising paradigm for balancing sustainable development and biodiversity protection, and various international strategies and conventions have championed the EBM cause and the inclusion of ecosystem services in decision-making. This open access book introduces the essential concepts and principles required to implement ecosystem-based management, detailing tools and techniques, and describing the application of these concepts and tools to a broad range of aquatic ecosystems, from the shores of Lough Erne in Northern Ireland to the estuaries of the US Pacific Northwest and the tropical Mekong Delta.
Freshwater & Marine Ecology --- Ecosystems --- Biodiversity --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology --- Aquatic Biodiversity --- Azores --- Danube River --- Ecosystem Based Management --- Ecosystem Services --- Mediterranean Biosphere Reserve --- Vouga Estuary --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Hydrobiology
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Engineering, general --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management --- Ecology --- Technology and Engineering --- Climate Change Ecology --- Open Access --- Nachhaltigkeit --- CO2 Reduktion --- Energiewende --- Green Deal --- Sustainable Development Goals --- Engineering: general --- Energy technology & engineering --- Energy industries & utilities --- Ecological science, the Biosphere
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This open access book presents and analyzes the results of more than 30 years of long-term ecological research in riparian forest ecosystems with the aim of casting light on changes in the dynamics of riparian forests over time. The research, focusing on the Ooyamazawa riparian forest, one of the remaining old-growth forests in Japan, has yielded a number of interesting outcomes. First, it shows that large-scale disturbances afford various trees opportunities for regeneration and are thus the driving force for the coexistence of canopy trees in riparian forests. Second, it identifies changes in reproductive patterns, highlighting that seed production has in fact quantitatively increased over the past two decades. Third, it describes the decline in forest floor vegetation caused by deer grazing and reveals how this decline has affected bird and insect populations. The book illustrates the interconnectedness of phenomena within an ecosystem and the resultant potential for cascade effects and also stresses the need for long-term ecological studies of climate change impacts on forests. It will be of interest to both professionals and academics in the field of forest science.
Ecology --- Forestry --- Plant Ecology --- Ecosystems --- Environment, general --- Riparian Ecology --- Environmental Sciences --- Changes in forest vegetation --- Long-term ecological research --- Life history of trees --- Riparian forest --- Natural disturbance --- Masting behavior --- Forest decline --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Forestry & silviculture: practice & techniques --- Botany & plant sciences --- The environment
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This open access volume presents a comprehensive account of all aspects of biological invasions in South Africa, where research has been conducted over more than three decades, and where bold initiatives have been implemented in attempts to control invasions and to reduce their ecological, economic and social effects. It covers a broad range of themes, including history, policy development and implementation, the status of invasions of animals and plants in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments, the development of a robust ecological theory around biological invasions, the effectiveness of management interventions, and scenarios for the future. The South African situation stands out because of the remarkable diversity of the country, and the wide range of problems encountered in its varied ecosystems, which has resulted in a disproportionate investment into both research and management. The South African experience holds many lessons for other parts of the world, and this book should be of immense value to researchers, students, managers, and policy-makers who deal with biological invasions and ecosystem management and conservation in most other regions.
Biodiversity --- Conservation Biology/Ecology --- Ecology --- Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography --- Ecosystems --- Plant Pathology --- Freshwater and Marine Ecology --- Biological Taxonomy --- South Africa --- Terrestrial --- Vertebrate invasions --- Aquatic plants --- Freshwater ecosystems --- Invasive biota --- Prince Edward Islands --- Coastal invasions --- Pathogens --- Urban invasions --- Alien organisms --- Abiotic factors --- Agricultural crops --- Invasive insect pests --- Open Access --- Conservation of the environment --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Zoology & animal sciences --- Taxonomy & systematics --- Botany & plant sciences
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This Open Access book introduces readers to the regional geology of Hanggai, Xianxia and Chuancun, the area between China's northern Zhejiang Province and southern Anhui Province and explores the strata, magmatic rocks and tectonic structures in 1:50,000 scale geological maps. Based on studies of multiple stratigraphic divisions, the standard stratigraphic section of the upper Ordovician Hirnantian in the lower Yangtze region is established, revealing for the first time numerous “Burgess Shale-type” sponge fossils in Hirnantian strata and identifying 10 grapholite fossil belts and various fossil categories, including chitin, trilobites, gastropods, brachiopods, and cephalopods. Moreover, the book identifies for the first time Late Ordovician volcanic events in northern Zhejiang province. The work represents a major contribution to research on Paleozoic strata in the Lower Yangtze region, and sheds new light on understanding the Hirnantian glacial event and biological extinction event in South China by providing a high-precision time scale. In addition, the book opens an important avenue for future research on sponge evolution after the Cambrian life explosion. As such, it offers a unique and valuable asset for researchers and graduate students alike.
Geology --- Paleontology --- Paleoecology --- Earth Sciences --- 1:50,000 Regional Geological Survey --- Standard section of Hirnantian --- Lower yangtze region --- Grapholite fossil belts --- Anji sponge fauna --- Late Ordovician volcanic events --- Mesozoic composite plutons --- open acess --- Tianmushan volcano-tectonic depression --- Geology, geomorphology & the lithosphere --- Palaeontology --- Ecological science, the Biosphere
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This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Ecosystems --- Agriculture --- Earth System Sciences --- Earth Sciences, general --- Soil Science --- Solid Earth Sciences --- Soil biogeochemistry and nutrient cycling --- Climate change and climate change impacts --- Urban soils and carbon --- Rangelands and wetlands --- Invasive species, pests and diseases --- Severe wildfires --- Pollution and land uses --- Open Access --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Agricultural science --- Earth sciences --- Environmental science, engineering & technology
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This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.
Microbial Genetics and Genomics --- Evolutionary Biology --- Genetics and Population Dynamics --- Microbial Ecology --- Human Genetics --- Genetics and Genomics --- Comparative genomics --- Metagenomics --- Microbial Population Analysis --- Pangenome Profile --- Supra-Genome Analysis --- Adaptive Evolution --- Computational Tools --- Bioinformatic Genomics --- Core Dispensable Genome --- Selection, Recombination, Composition --- Acquired Resistance --- Bacterial Species Concept --- Genomic Diversity --- Bacterial Ecology, Microevolution --- Open Access --- Pan-metagenomics --- Pan-microbiomics --- Pan-epigenome --- Gene Transfer --- Pan-phenomes --- Microbiology (non-medical) --- Genetics (non-medical) --- Evolution --- Applied mathematics --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Medical genetics
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