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This is the second of two volumes of a state-of-the-art survey article collection which originates from three commutative algebra sessions at the 2009 Fall Southeastern American Mathematical Society Meeting at Florida Atlantic University. The articles reach into diverse areas of commutative algebra and build a bridge between Noetherian and non-Noetherian commutative algebra. These volumes present current trends in two of the most active areas of commutative algebra: non-noetherian rings (factorization, ideal theory, integrality), and noetherian rings (the local theory, graded situation, and interactions with combinatorics and geometry). This volume contains surveys on aspects of closure operations, finiteness conditions and factorization. Closure operations on ideals and modules are a bridge between noetherian and nonnoetherian commutative algebra. It contains a nice guide to closure operations by Epstein, but also contains an article on test ideals by Schwede and Tucker and one by Enescu which discusses the action of the Frobenius on finite dimensional vector spaces both of which are related to tight closure. Finiteness properties of rings and modules or the lack of them come up in all aspects of commutative algebra. However, in the study of non-noetherian rings it is much easier to find a ring having a finite number of prime ideals. The editors have included papers by Boynton and Sather-Wagstaff and by Watkins that discuss the relationship of rings with finite Krull dimension and their finite extensions. Finiteness properties in commutative group rings are discussed in Glaz and Schwarz's paper. And Olberding's selection presents us with constructions that produce rings whose integral closure in their field of fractions is not finitely

Commutative Algebra --- Closure --- Decomposition --- Factorization

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Flüchtlinge --- Integration --- Desintegration --- Migration --- Arbeit --- Arbeitsbeziehungen --- Deutschland --- Rechtspopulismus --- Kollegialität --- Herkunft --- Arbeitsmarkt --- Sozialintegration --- Soziale Schließung --- Zivilgesellschaft --- Flucht --- Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie --- Flüchtlingsforschung --- Soziale Ungleichheit --- Soziologie --- Refugees --- Disintegration --- Work --- Work Relations --- Germany --- Collegiality --- Origin --- Labour Market --- Social Integration --- Social Closure --- Civil Society --- Fleeing --- Sociology of Work and Industry --- Refugee Studies --- Social Inequality --- Sociology

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"Many of the men who worked at KTL who have died since the closing of the Kaduna Textiles Limited mill without being paid their entitlements have had their names included on the list compiled by the Coalition of Unpaid Textile Workers Nigeria. This listing of names, along with their graves, funeral programs, and death certificates constitute “the work of the dead” in redressing some of the failures of their government and their society. The lack of food and health care, the minimum requirements needed for a decent life, suggest the need for new ways of thinking about the growing disparity in wealth—with ever greater inequality—in Nigeria. While this situation may be lessened through the reduction of corruption and through government programs for widespread food, health care, and education may be implemented, many Nigerians are considering the creation of alternative paths to well-being. Through the numerous programs proposed for increasing youth employment —training and support for small and medium enterprises, agricultural programs, and more efficient and environmentally sound smaller-scale industries, the possibilities for a new deindustrialized era are being imagined and may be pursued. "

burying, cemeteries, chapter, children, city, closure, coalition, colonial, conclusion, consequences, construct, dead, death, deaths, deindustrialization, dilemmas, elisha, experiences, fall, families, hardship, health, hometowns, houses, industry, introduction, kaduna, ktl, ltd, new, nigeria, p, problems, regimes, renne, rise, textile, textiles, time, unpaid, widows', work, workers.

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This Special Issue on “Beverage Sensory Modification” presents a series of articles that feature the broad sense of sensory modification with regards to beverages, either by improving their flavor, taste, and mouthfeel properties, or through prevention of spoilage. The scope goes further than the usual technological measures that modulate sensory properties and includes psychological and cross-modal influences, where the sensory modification occurs in the subject’s brain rather than as a result of modified physical–chemical properties of objects.

closure type --- opening sounds --- wine perception --- expectations --- packaging --- glass swirling --- glass shape --- nonequilibrium conditions --- oxygen sensor --- wine tasting --- whey --- pivot profile --- CATA --- fermented beverage --- cross-modal correspondence --- shape --- taste --- beverage --- flavan-3-ols --- reduction --- oxidation --- wine aging --- oxidative stability --- clarification --- temporal profile --- time–intensity evaluation --- sweetener --- coffee beverage --- water solution --- untrained panelist --- wine --- spoilage --- Brettanomyces --- Dekkera --- volatile phenols --- off-flavors --- cross-modality --- taste-aroma interactions --- sweetness enhancement --- vanilla flavor --- flavored milk --- sugar --- isoboles --- synergy --- n/a

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Historically, the study of monomial ideals became fashionable after the pioneering work by Richard Stanley in 1975 on the upper bound conjecture for spheres. On the other hand, since the early 1990s, under the strong influence of Gröbner bases, binomial ideals became gradually fashionable in commutative algebra. The last ten years have seen a surge of research work in the study of monomial and binomial ideals. Remarkable developments in, for example, finite free resolutions, syzygies, Hilbert functions, toric rings, as well as cohomological invariants of ordinary powers, and symbolic powers of monomial and binomial ideals, have been brought forward. The theory of monomial and binomial ideals has many benefits from combinatorics and Göbner bases. Simultaneously, monomial and binomial ideals have created new and exciting aspects of combinatorics and Göbner bases. In the present Special Issue, particular attention was paid to monomial and binomial ideals arising from combinatorial objects including finite graphs, simplicial complexes, lattice polytopes, and finite partially ordered sets, because there is a rich and intimate relationship between algebraic properties and invariants of these classes of ideals and the combinatorial structures of their combinatorial counterparts. This volume gives a brief summary of recent achievements in this area of research. It will stimulate further research that encourages breakthroughs in the theory of monomial and binomial ideals. This volume provides graduate students with fundamental materials in this research area. Furthermore, it will help researchers find exciting activities and avenues for further exploration of monomial and binomial ideals. The editors express our thanks to the contributors to the Special Issue. Funds for APC (article processing charge) were partially supported by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) entitled ""The Birth of Modern Trends on Commutative Algebra and Convex Polytopes with Statistical and Computational Strategies"" (JP 26220701). The publication of this volume is one of the main activities of the grant.

monomial ideal --- Stanley-Reisner ring --- linear part --- complete intersection --- cover ideal --- depth --- edge ideal --- integral closure --- polymatroidal ideal --- Stanley depth --- Stanley’s inequality --- symbolic power --- toric ideals --- Gröbner bases --- graphs --- stable set polytopes --- circulant graphs --- edge ideals --- Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity --- projective dimension --- distribuive lattice --- algebras with straightening laws --- order and chain polytopes --- Stanley-Reisner ideal --- edge ideal --- Cohen-Macaulay --- (S2) condition --- Cohen Macaulay --- Bipartite graphs --- regular elements on powers of bipartite graphs --- colon ideals --- depth of powers of bipartite graphs --- dstab --- associated graded rings --- order polytope --- chain polytope --- partially ordered set --- graph --- circuit --- even cycle --- directed cycle --- monomial ideal --- Rees algebra --- edge ideal --- syzygy --- Betti number --- Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity --- bipartite graph --- multipartite graph --- O-sequence --- h-vector --- flawless --- toric ring --- stable set polytope --- edge ring --- edge polytope --- regularity --- matching number