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This open access book carefully explores the relationship between social democracy and its working-class electorate in Western Europe. Relying on different indicators, it demonstrates an important transformation in the class basis of social democracy. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the working-class vote is strongly fragmented and social democratic parties face competition on multiple fronts for their core electorate – and not only from radical right parties. Starting from a reflection on ‘working-class parties’ and using a sophisticated class schema, the book paints a nuanced and diversified picture of the trajectory of social democracy that goes beyond a simple shift from working-class to middle-class parties. Following a detailed description, the book reviews possible explanations of workers' new voting patterns and emphasizes the crucial changes in parties' ideologies. It closes with a discussion on the role of the working class in social democracy's future electoral strategies.
Electoral Politics --- Political Sociology --- Political History --- European Politics --- Comparative Politics --- Open Access --- social democracy --- electoral behaviour --- voting behaviour --- working class electorate --- labour movement --- class mobilisation --- working class party --- party politics --- industrial relations --- social classes and stratification --- electoral strategies --- immigration --- service workers --- radical left parties --- radical right parties --- European politics --- Elections & referenda --- Sociology --- Politics & government --- Political science & theory --- History: specific events & topics --- Europe --- Comparative politics
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This open access volume identifies the common and specific aspects of social mechanisms that generate inequalities, through comparative analyses of different dimensions in which inequalities are expressed. It includes studies on social inequalities in 5 European and 5 Latin American countries, along 11 thematic axes: inequalities in the labour market and labour trajectories; asymmetries in the relationship between training and employment; inequalities in work and family life; educational inequalities; geographical and social inequalities: ethnicity and language; social inequalities, migration and space; uncertainty, strategies, resources and capabilities; inequality of opportunity: intergenerational social mobility; social policies; gender inequalities; and research methodology. This volume is the result of a large collaborative project on social inequality funded by the European Commission: the International Network for Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities. Taking into account diverse perspectives and approximations, the collaborators have created a general analytical framework as a model of analysis of social inequalities. The various contributions in this volume help readers gain a global outlook and help reflect on social inequalities in a comparative perspective. This volume addresses social science graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, social policy makers, as well as a broader academic audience interested in social inequality.
Social Structure, Social Inequality --- Development and Social Change --- Development Economics --- Social Structure --- Development Studies --- Open access --- Analytical Model of Social Inequalities and Trajectories --- INCASI --- inequality of opportunity --- unemployment protection --- labour market inequalities --- inequality in education --- digital divide --- social stratification --- social inequality at work --- gender and inequality --- Social & ethical issues --- Development economics & emerging economies
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Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the West, and vascular disease is the most common cardiovascular clinical problem. The disease results in serious morbidity and mortality, and carries economic cost implications. While conventional risk factors are well established, and their biomarkers regularly monitored, patients may continue to suffer subclinical active disease, even in the absence of risk factors, until they present with sudden cardiac death or stroke. Early disease detection using direct imaging has shown to be more accurate in identifying vulnerable patients and unstable plaques than conventional risk factors. This IJMS issue deals with the current opinion concerning the state-of-the-art imaging technologies available for clinical applications and their unique value over the sole use of conventional risk factor analysis, in identifying vulnerable patients, recommending aggressive treatments, prognosticating, and in assessing related nutritional and environmental issues.
intima media thickness (imt) accuracy in identifying high risk individuals --- IMT vs conventional risk factors in improving risk stratification --- carotid plaque characterization --- coronary calcification for daily risk assessment --- coronary calcification: a risk or benefit? --- nutritional influences on cardiovascular calcification --- environmental influences on cardiovascular calcification --- MRA for plaque characterization --- PET/CT use in assessing lipid cores and their clinical relevance --- vascular imaging for direct treatment delivery --- vascular calcification challenges in intervention
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Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the West, and vascular disease is the most common cardiovascular clinical problem. The disease results in serious morbidity and mortality, and carries economic cost implications. While conventional risk factors are well established, and their biomarkers regularly monitored, patients may continue to suffer subclinical active disease, even in the absence of risk factors, until they present with sudden cardiac death or stroke. Early disease detection using direct imaging has shown to be more accurate in identifying vulnerable patients and unstable plaques than conventional risk factors. This IJMS Special Issue deals with the current opinion concerning the state-of-the-art imaging technologies available for clinical applications, and their unique value over the sole use of conventional risk factor analysis, in identifying vulnerable patients, recommending aggressive treatments, prognosticating, and in assessing related nutritional and environmental issues. This Special Issue is the continuation of our 2015 Special Issue “Atherosclerosis and Vascular Imaging”
intima media thickness (imt) accuracy in identifying high risk individuals --- IMT vs conventional risk factors in improving risk stratification --- carotid plaque characterization --- coronary calcification for daily risk assessment --- coronary calcification: a risk or benefit? --- nutritional influences on cardiovascular calcification --- environmental influences on cardiovascular calcification --- MRA for plaque characterization --- PET/CT use in assessing lipid cores and their clinical relevance --- vascular imaging for direct treatment delivery --- vascular calcification challenges in intervention
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In the last two decades, due to the continuous increase of lifespans in Westernsocieties, and the consequent growing of the elderly population, have witnessedan increase in the number of studies on biological and molecular factors able topromote healthy aging and reach longevity. The study of the genetic componentof human longevity demonstrated that it accounts for 25% of intra populationphenotype variance. The efforts made to characterize the genetic determinantssuggested that the maintenance of cellular integrity, inflammation, oxidativestress response, DNA repair, as well as the use of nutrients, represent the mostimportant pathways correlated with a longer lifespan. However, although aplethora of variants were indicated to be associated with human longevity, onlyvery few were successfully replicated in different populations, probably becauseof population specificity, missing heritability as well as a complex interactionamong genetic factors with lifestyle and cultural factors, which modulate theindividual chance of living longer. Thus, many challenges remain to be addressedin the search for the genetic components of human longevity. This Special Issue isaimed to unify the progress in the analysis of the genetic determinants of humanlongevity, to take stock of the situation and point to future directions of the field.We invite submissions for reviews, research articles, short-communicationsdealing with genetic association studies in human longevity, including all types ofgenetic variation, as well as the characterization of longevity-related genes.
human lifespan --- genetic variation --- TERC --- TERT --- leukocyte telomere length --- aging --- longevity --- survival --- SNP --- polymorphism --- IPMK --- inositol phosphates --- gender-specific association --- moonlighting protein --- lifespan --- mortality --- twins --- zygosity --- unknown zygosity --- cumulative incidence curves --- age-stratification --- long-livers --- apolipoprotein E --- APOE --- longevity --- populations --- genomics --- polygenic risk score --- cardiovascular health --- exceptional longevity --- lipid profile --- aging --- longevity --- survival --- SNP --- polymorphism --- xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes --- xenobiotics --- model systems --- aging --- signal transduction --- molecular senescence --- genetic determinants of human longevity --- genetic variation --- genetic association study --- longevity-related genes --- human lifespan
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[The role of women in entrepreneurship, management and corporate governance is regarded as central to the development and welfare of economies. Since the early 1980s, there has been increased interest in women managers and entrepreneurs, often from an interdisciplinary approach, combining, for example, sociology, psychology, management and organisational studies and economics. Nowadays, research on women in management and organisations is continuously and rapidly evolving (Paoloni and Demartini, 2016). Research on how women face new business challenges within organisations—as entrepreneurs, owners, managers, as well as workers—can contribute to understanding the new drivers affecting value creation dynamics in our knowledge-based society (Cesaroni, Demartini and Paoloni, 2017). Accordingly, this book tries to offer some insights on how women create, process and share knowledge in their business activity through the application and exploitation of novel creative ideas and solutions]
accounting profession --- women --- gender issues --- career paths --- gender stratification --- glass ceiling --- gender --- leadership --- women in top management --- career management --- Chile --- startups --- woman startups --- gender analysis --- female entrepreneurship --- entrepreneurship --- economic variable classification --- gender-responsive budget --- public governance --- gender equality --- stakeholder engagement --- Innovative female startups --- underperformance hypothesis --- gender gap --- high tech female entrepreneur --- work–family balance --- female entrepreneurship --- gender stereotypes --- economic crisis --- Italy --- accounting profession --- chartered public accountants --- gender --- governance --- women --- entrepreneurship --- new high-technology ventures --- women founders --- motherhood --- decision-making --- role salience --- mumpreneurs --- startups --- n/a
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The 15th Estuarine and Coastal Modeling Conference provides a venue for commercial, academic, and government scientists and engineers from around the world to present and discuss the latest results and techniques in applied estuarine and coastal modeling. Prospective authors are invited to submit papers on a wide range of topic areas, including:• Pollutant Transport and Water Quality Prediction• Coastal Response to Climate Change• Modeling Techniques and Sensitivity Studies• Model Assessment• Modeling Specific Estuarine and Coastal Systems• Visualization and Analysis• Wave and Sediment Transport Modeling• Modeling of Chemicals and Floatables• Oil Spill Transport and Fate Modeling• Inverse Methods• Circulation Modeling• Facility Siting and CSO Studies• Data Assimilation• Nowcast/Forecast Modeling Systems• Modeling Systems with Strong Buoyancy Forcing• Modeling of Coupled Systems• Risk Analysis (Nuclear Reactors, Flood Forecasting)
British Columbia --- environmental assessment --- marine construction --- circulation --- numerical model --- sediment model --- tidal current --- wind-driven current --- stratification --- initial dilution zone --- property-carrying particle model --- coupled models --- ecosystem simulation --- biophysical modeling --- Sandusky Bay --- Great Lakes --- tides --- tidal datums --- VDatum --- spatially varying uncertainty (SVU) --- north-east Gulf of Mexico --- Brown Passage --- Chatham Sound --- internal tides --- circulation --- numerical model --- stratification --- barotropic --- baroclinic --- Hood Canal --- floating bridge --- Salish Sea --- hydrodynamics --- Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) --- circulation --- anthropogenic impact --- zone of influence --- Salish Sea model --- ice modeling --- operational forecast --- FVCOM --- CICE --- hydrodynamic modeling --- Great Lakes --- hydrodynamic numerical model --- H3D --- agriculture --- salt wedge --- climate change --- sea level rise --- river discharge --- channel deepening --- tidal constituent database --- ADvanced CIRCulation model (ADCIRC) --- Eastern North Pacific Ocean (ENPAC) --- coastal ocean modeling --- Gulf of Mexico --- operational nowcast and forecast system --- Finite Volume Community Ocean Model --- water level --- temperature --- salinity --- water quality --- model calibration --- estuary --- eutrophication --- CE-QUAL-W2 --- phytoplankton --- algal growth kinetics --- wave energy --- wind forcing --- large-wave hindcast --- multi-level nested-grid modeling --- CFSR --- NARR --- WaveWatch III --- SWAN --- hydrodynamics --- feasibility assessments --- nearshore restoration --- FVCOM --- Puget Sound --- Salish Sea --- numerical model --- sediment transport --- marine --- short-lived radioisotopes --- wave hindcast --- breakwater --- harbor --- estuary --- SWAN --- MIKE21SW --- unstructured grid --- storm surge --- coastal storm --- flooding --- compound events --- estuarine modeling --- lateral circulation --- tidal currents --- momentum balance --- coastal and estuarine modeling --- ADCIRC --- water level time series --- VDatum --- tidal datums --- statistical interpolation --- spatially varying uncertainty --- non-tidal zones --- marine grid population --- Texas --- western Louisiana --- Gulf of Mexico --- ocean modeling --- cloud computing --- data analysis --- geospatial data visualization
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Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the water and energy balances, and the number of remote sensing-based ET products and estimation methods has increased in recent years. Various aspects of remote sensing of ET are reported in the 11 papers published in this book. The major research areas covered by this book include inter-comparison and performance evaluation of widely used one- and two-source energy balance models, a new dual-source model (Soil Plant Atmosphere and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration, SPARSE), and a process-based model (ETMonitor); assessment of multi-source (e.g., remote sensing, reanalysis, and land surface model) ET products; development or improvement of data fusion frameworks to predict continuous daily ET at a high spatial resolution (field-scale or 30 m) by fusing the advanced spaceborne thermal emission reflectance radiometer (ASTER), the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Landsat data; and investigating uncertainties in ET estimates using an ET ensemble composed of several land surface models and diagnostic datasets. The effects of the differences between ET products on water resources and ecosystem management were also investigated. More accurate ET estimates and improved understanding of remotely sensed ET products are crucial for maximizing crop productivity while minimizing water losses and management costs.
component temperature decomposition --- evapotranspiration partitioning --- two-source energy balance model --- surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) --- evapotranspiration --- yield --- remote sensing --- heterogeneous conditions --- evapotranspiration --- eddy covariance observations --- latent heat flux --- a stratification method --- multi-source --- China --- evapotranspiration --- field-scale --- STARFM --- unmixing-based method --- MPDI-integrated SEBS --- remote sensing --- surface energy balance model --- calibration --- METRIC --- Google Earth Engine --- evapotranspiration --- water stress --- model --- partition --- remote-sensing --- ET --- Thailand --- ETMonitor --- land surface temperature --- Mun river basin --- Chi river basin --- MODIS --- Surface Energy Balance System --- Oklahoma Mesonet --- Eddy-covariance --- evapotranspiration --- fusion --- multi-source satellite data --- Landsat 8 --- MODIS --- SADFAET --- evapotranspiration --- uncertainty --- land surface model --- West Africa --- evapotranspiration --- remote sensing --- Murrumbidgee River catchment --- water resources management --- ecosystem management --- data fusion --- evapotranspiration partitioning --- land surface model --- process-based model --- water stress
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This book illustrates some of the most recent research efforts that have been made in lowering plasma cholesterol levels in patients with CVD. Selected articles aimed to illuminate advances and urgent challenges in the management of CVD, including disease management using statin-combined therapeutic strategies.
anacetrapib --- cholesteryl ester transfer protein --- cardiovascular disease --- apolipoprotein --- diabetes --- vaspin --- acute coronary syndrome --- NSTEMI --- STEMI --- lipoproteins --- atherosclerosis --- cardiovascular risk --- statin --- PCSK9 --- genetic --- nutrigenetics --- sterol --- cholesterol --- low-density lipoprotein cholesterol --- cardiovascular disease --- ABCA1 --- HDL --- miRNA --- circular RNA --- gene expression --- RNA-binding proteins --- reverse cholesterol transport --- cardiovascular diseases --- dyslipidemia --- type 2 diabetes --- PCSK9 --- nonstatin --- PCSK9 --- proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 --- LDL subfractions --- sdLDL --- cardiovascular disease --- risk stratification --- proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) --- small interfering RNA (siRNA) --- inclisiran --- low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) --- cardiovascular disease (CVD) --- cardiovascular risk --- atherosclerosis --- ceramides --- lipids --- lipoproteins --- miRNA --- sphingolipids --- sphingomyelin --- NAFLD --- NASH --- hepatic fibrosis --- hyperlipidemia --- statins --- statins --- coronary artery bypass grafting --- pleiotropic actions --- atrial fibrillation --- stroke --- acute kidney injury
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HVAC systems, load shifting, indoor climate, and energy and ventilation performance analyses are the key topics when improving energy performance in new and renovated buildings. This development has been boosted by the recently established nearly zero energy building requirements that will soon be in use in all EU Member States, as well as similar long-term zero energy building targets in Japan, the US, and other countries. The research covered in this Special Issue provides evidence of how new technical solutions have worked, in practice, in new or renovated buildings, and also discusses problems and how solutions should be further developed. Another focus is on the more detailed calculation methods needed for the correct design and sizing of dedicated systems, and for accurate quantification of energy savings. Occupant behavior and building operation is also examined, in order to avoid common performance gaps between calculated and measured performance. These topics demonstrate the challenge of high performance buildings as, in the end, comfortable buildings with good indoor climate which are easy and cheap to operate and maintain are expected by end customers. Ventilation performance, heating and cooling, sizing, energy predictions and optimization, load shifting, and field studies are some of the key topics in this Special Issue, contributing to the future of high performance buildings with reliable operation.
Jaya algorithm --- smart grid --- optimal energy management --- demand response --- demand side management --- indoor temperature after renovation --- electricity use --- DHW energy use --- user behavior --- standard use --- energy performance modeling --- gray box --- satellite-based solar radiation data --- meteorological reanalysis data --- ISO 52016-1 --- energy efficiency --- HVAC systems --- chiller plants --- chiller performance --- COP --- data-driven analysis --- energy --- building --- ventilation --- cooling --- outdoor air --- air jet --- personalized ventilation --- skin temperature --- CFD --- thermal analysis --- corner impinging jet --- mixing ventilation --- displacement ventilation --- tracer gas --- air exchange effectiveness --- local air change effectiveness --- draught rate --- Monte Carlo method --- ISO 7730 --- TRNSYS --- greenhouse --- indoor temperature uniformity --- multiple sensor nodes --- qualitative control --- corner impinging jet --- corner mixing ventilation --- hybrid displacement device --- heating mode --- thermal comfort --- air exchange effectiveness --- local air change effectiveness --- draught rate, --- downdraught --- smart buildings --- smart readiness indicator --- energy efficiency --- energy performance of buildings directive --- energy flexibility --- load shifting --- demand response --- building energy simulation --- occupant behavior --- energy performance --- indoor climate --- retirement home --- user input data --- condenser evaporative precooling --- rooftop air conditioners --- building energy modelling --- control strategy --- ground source heat pump --- heating power --- sizing --- DHW heating --- space heating --- alternate operation --- daylight --- existing buildings --- daylight factor --- daylight simulations --- daylight survey --- energy efficiency --- student dormitories --- Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), Pro-GET-onE H2020 --- in situ measurements --- monitoring measurements --- energy signature --- indoor air quality --- stratification --- basketball hall --- CFD --- field measurement --- single room ventilation unit --- building pressure condition --- stack effect --- wind pressure --- ventilation renovation --- decentralized ventilation unit