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During the Middle Ages, rulers from different regions aspired to an idea of imperial hegemony. On the other hand, there were rulers who deliberately refused to be «emperors», although their reign showed characteristics of imperial rule. The contributions in this volume ask for the reasons why some rulers such as Charlemagne strove for imperial titles, whereas others voluntarily shrank from them. They also look at the characteristics of and rituals connected to imperial rule as well as to the way Medieval empires saw themselves. Thus, the authors in this volume adopt a transcultural perspective, covering Western, Eastern, Northern and Southern Europe, Byzantium and the Middle East. Furthermore, they go beyond the borders of Christianity by including various caliphates and Islamic «hegemonic» rulers like Saladin.

History --- History --- Middle Ages --- imperial --- Charlemagne --- Saladin --- Europe --- Byzantium --- Middle East

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The contributors to this volume discuss the formation and transformation of ancient concepts of authorship, specifically among those types of texts that are classified as “religious literature” – whether Greco-Roman, early Jewish, and early Christian. In twelve case studies spanning the time from Ben Sira to Tertullian, various ways of how authors considered themselves to be individual producers of texts and religious voices are carved out. The volume presents authors who fashion themselves either as orthonymous, anonymous, or pseudepigraphic writers, and who share the idea of being “religious agents”. The search for these religious voices undertaken here is a valuable contribution to both research in ancient “Autorforschung” and the religio-historical study of how religious knowledge was produced in the ancient Mediterranean world.

Classics --- Religious Literature --- Early Imperial World --- Late Hellenistic World --- authorship --- Greco-Roman --- early Jewish --- early Christian

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Les trente-cinq études de ce volume, revues et mises à jour, retracent l’histoire de la Gaule méridionale, appelée d’abord Transalpine puis Narbonnaise, des premiers temps de la présence romaine aux débuts de l’Antiquité tardive et montrent les transformations d’un monde provincial sous l’empreinte de Rome. Une nouvelle géographie économique apparaît avec le déplacement des centres de gravité, de Narbonne vers la vallée du Rhône et Lyon. La romanisation de la société est autant politique que religieuse. On assiste à une intégration réussie des élites - notables issus de l’Italie et descendants des grandes familles aristocratiques indigènes - mais également à l’ascension des représentants de la société civique provinciale - le commun des détenteurs des magistratures et des sacerdoces. S’épanouit alors au cours de la seconde moitié du premier siècle av. J.-C. une culture de l’écrit qui se manifeste, en particulier par l’abondante production épigraphique, dans les lieux funéraires, les grandes demeures et les espaces publics urbains. L’accès des grandes familles à l’ordre équestre et à l’ordre sénatorial, puis leur participation au gouvernement de l’Empire viennent concrétiser, dès le premier siècle ap. J.-C., le rapprochement entre l’Italie et cette partie de l’Empire romain, dont le destin apparaît alors comme singulier, selon l’expression de Pline l’Ancien : À la vérité, plus l’Italie qu’une province. Cette somme érudite est appelée à devenir une œuvre de référence sur l’histoire de la Gaule narbonnaise.

Gaule narbonnaise --- Antiquité romaine --- organisation communautaire --- municipalisation --- État impérial --- pagus --- latinisation --- dieux locaux

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Ce recueil d’articles consacrés à la Péninsule Ibérique sous l’Empire romain par Robert Étienne couvre les champs principaux de ses recherches : religion et surtout culte impérial, qui a fait par ailleurs l’objet de sa thèse d’État ; Société et histoire, dominées par l’étude des sénateurs et des instruments de sociabilité, comme la tessera hospitalis ; épigraphie, base de tous ses travaux personnels et ciment d’une équipe de chercheurs qu’il a formés autour de lui, en Espagne et au Portugal, et autour du logiciel PETRAE. Avec l'archéologie, plus significative que descriptive, il rejoint d’une part la religion, grâce aux fouilles de Conimbriga et de son centre monumental, et d’autre part l’économie, éclairée par la fouille des villas de Sâo Cucufate (Beja) et par l’étude des amphores et de leurs inscriptions peintes. Dans ce dernier domaine, ses recherches ont abouti à une vision synthétique des trois produits phares de l’économie de l’Hispanie romaine - vin, saumures et huile - qui constituent aussi trois vecteurs fondamentaux de la civilisation romaine. Avec l’huile hispanique, publiée en 2004, il a complété son tout premier article paru en 1949 sur les amphores du Testaccio, après cinquante-cinq ans d'une vie scientifique riche et diverse.

Empire romain --- culte impérial --- religion antique --- culte des dieux Lares --- syncrétisme religieux --- archéologie --- onomastique latine --- architecture romaine

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Samuel Taylor Coleridge is best known as a great poet and literary theorist, but for one, quite short, period of his life he held real political power — acting as Public Secretary to the British Civil Commissioner in Malta in 1805. This was a formative experience for Coleridge which he later identified as being one of the most instructive in his entire life. In this book, Barry Hough and Howard Davis show how Coleridge's actions whilst in a position of power differ markedly from the idealism he had advocated before taking office — shedding new light on Coleridge's sense of political and legal morality. Meticulously researched and including newly discovered archival materials, Coleridge's Laws provides detailed analysis of the laws and public notices drafted by Coleridge, together with the first published translations of them. Drawing from a wealth of primary sources, Hough and Davis identify the political challenges facing Coleridge and reveal that, in attempting to win over the Maltese public to support Britain's strategic interests, Coleridge was complicit in acts of government which were both inconsistent with the rule of law and contrary to his professed beliefs. Coleridge's willingness to overlook accepted legal processes and personal misgivings for political expediency is disturbing and, as explained by Michael John Kooy in his extensive introduction, necessarily alters our understanding of the author and his writing. Coleridge's Laws contributes in new ways to the current debates about Coleridge's achievements, British colonialism and its engagement with the rule of law, nationhood and the effectiveness of the British administration of Malta. It provides essential reading for anybody interested in Coleridge specifically and the Romantics more generally, for political and legal historians and for students of colonial government.

romanticism --- legal history --- romantic literature --- nineteenth century --- colonial government --- political history --- samuel taylor coleridge --- colonialism --- malta --- british imperial history --- maltese history