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Oesophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula (OA-TOF) is a congenital digestive malformation. With improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative care, survival rates now exceed 90% and OA-TOF is no more just a neonatal surgical problem, and the focus has now shifted from mortality to morbidity with focus on long-term survival and quality of life issues. The primary complications experienced by these patients include gastroesophageal reflux, peptic and eosinophilic esophagitis, anastomotic stricture, esophageal dysmotility, abnormal gastric function, feeding difficulties and respiratory disorders including tracheomalacia and “cyanotic spells”. Concerns in adults include oesophageal adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma which have been recently reported. This highlights the need for careful multidisciplinary follow up not only in childhood but also after transition to adulthood. Data regarding long-term outcomes and follow-ups are limited for patients following OA-TOF repair. The determination of the risk factors for the complicated evolution following OA-TOF repair may positively impact long-term prognoses. This e-book contains review articles and position paper on all aspects of management of this condition. The material presented in the following articles is primarily based on the presentations by world experts during the recent Fourth International Conference on Oesophageal Atresia held in Sydney in 2016.
Oesophageal Atresia --- Tracheoesophageal Fistula --- Gastroesophageal Reflux --- Fundoplication --- Long Gap --- Dysmotility --- Manometry --- Impedance testing --- Registry --- Gastric function --- cyanotic spells
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ca. 200 words; this text will present the book in all promotional forms (e.g. flyers). Please describe the book in straightforward and consumer-friendly terms.[Selective and quantitative detection of different kinds of biocomponents plays an important role in biomedical applications, clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, toxicology, regenerative medicine and drug delivery. Therefore, multidisciplinary area of magnetic biosensing have been extensively developed in recent years, aiming to create compact analytical devices for non-expensive and low time consuming analysis provided at the point of care by non-skilled personnel. Biological samples exhibit very low magnetic background, and thus highly sensitive measurements of magnetic labels or magnetic nanoparticles enriched units can be performed without further processing. A magnetic biosensor is a compact analytical device in which magnetic transducer converts a magnetic field variation into a change of frequency, current, voltage, etc. Different types of magnetic effects are capable of creating magnetic biosensors with extra high sensitivity. This book describes interesting examples of magnetic materials based biosensors, including the synthesis of model materials for biosensor development, new engineering solutions and theoretical contributions on the magnetic biosensor sensitivity. Book contains 13 research works representing international multidisciplinary teams from Austria, China, Germany, Greece, Iran, Russia, Serbia, Spain, Taiwan and United States of America. It can be useful for PHD students and researches working in the field of magnetic nanomaterials and biomedical applications.
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To estimate the reachable specific energy and power of aqueous Li-air batteries, a physical based model was developed, which for the first time includes the microstructure of Li-air cells. Parameters like solid/liquid interface resistances were quantified with help of a newly developed setup. Simulations based on the developed model revealed that even conservative estimations promise an increase in the specific energy by at least a factor of two compared to present Li-ion batteries.
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In this book, a new procedure to analyze lithium-ion cells is introduced. The cells are disassembled to analyze their components in experimental cell housings. Then, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, time domain measurements and the Distribution function of Relaxation Times are applied to obtain a deep understanding of the relevant loss processes. This procedure yields a notable surplus of information about the electrode contributions to the overall internal resistance of the cell.
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In order to understand the current-voltage behaviour of a Lithium-Ion Battery, its impedance needs to be investigated in the low-frequency domain. This work deals with measurement, modelling and model validation in that low-frequency domain and introduces the Distribution-Function-of-Differential-Capacity (DDC) as a new tool for investigating capacity contributions of different particle sizes and particle types inside of a Lithium-Ion Battery.
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This work presents methods and techniques to optimize and implement distributed magnetic transformers for their application in matching networks of Monolithic Millimeter-wave Integrated Circuits (MMICs). It describes strategies for the efficiency and bandwidth optimization of the transformers and demonstrates their potential based on an optimized transformer geometry as well as two MMIC power amplifiers.
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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) achieve high efficiencies, the lower the internal electrochemical losses are. This work investigates insulating secondary phases at the cathode/electrolyte interface that are formed during fabrication. Full cells and model systems are electrochemically characterized, analyzed by electron microscopy and reconstructed by tomography. A FEM model reveals performance limiting factors. As a result, an optimized production routine is proposed.
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Industrial process tomography (IPT) is becoming an important tool for Industry 4.0. It consists of multidimensional sensor technologies and methods that aim to provide unparalleled internal information on industrial processes used in many sectors. This book showcases a selection of papers at the forefront of the latest developments in such technologies.
wire-mesh --- flow distribution --- subsea gas–liquid separation --- two-phase flow --- cyclonic chamber --- machine learning --- inverse problem --- electrical impedance tomography --- image reconstruction --- industrial tomography --- electrical impedance tomography --- ultrasound tomography --- dual-modality imaging --- lagrange-newton method --- electrical capacitance tomography --- industrial process tomography --- direct image reconstruction --- Calderon’s method --- truncation radius --- open electrical impedance tomography --- sensor design --- conformal transformation --- focusing sensor --- open domain imaging --- simulated inductor technique --- process tomography --- contactless electrical tomography --- grouting duct --- capacitive sensor --- cross section distribution detecting --- measurement --- drying process --- Electrical Impedance Tomography --- impedance spectroscopy --- chokeberry --- EIDORS --- Magnetic Induction Tomography --- imaging defects --- imaging deformations --- total variation algorithms --- threshold-differencing algorithms --- continuous casting --- imaging techniques --- multiphase flow --- nanoparticles --- enhanced oil recovery --- tomography --- sand-pack flooding --- electrical resistance tomography --- smart water meter --- wastewater management --- measurement data analysis --- targeted crowdsourcing --- flow investigation tool --- X-ray process tomography --- radiography imaging --- 3D --- ECT --- 3D-printing --- sensors --- modeling --- FPGA --- high-speed EIT --- frequency division multiplexing --- ONE-SHOT --- EIDORS --- n/a
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This book comprises ten articles covering different aspects of power quality issues in microgrids and distributed generation (DG) systems, including 1) Detection and estimation of power quality; 2) Modeling; 3) Harmonic control for DG systems and microgrids; 4) Stability improvements for microgrids. Different power quality phenomena and solution were studied in the included papers, such as harmonics, resonance, frequency deviation, voltage sag, and fluctuation. From a network point of view, some papers studied the harmonic and stability issues in standalone microgrids which are more likely to cause power quality problems. Other papers discussed the power quality problems in microgrids which are weakly interconnected with the main distribution grid. In view of the published papers, there is a trend that increasingly advanced modeling, analysis, and control schemes were applied in the studies. Moreover, the latest works focus not only on single-unit problems but also multiple units or network issues. Although some of the hot topics are not included, this book covers multiple aspects of the current power quality research frontier, and represents a particularly useful reference book for frontier researchers in this field.
nonlinear dynamic system --- power quality --- power system simulation --- state estimation --- unscented Kalman filter --- voltage fluctuation --- virtual synchronous generator --- dynamic frequency support --- autonomous microgrid --- virtual inertia --- virtual damping --- differential feedforward --- current source mode (CSM) --- distributed generations --- grid-connected inverter --- grid impedance --- multi-inverter system --- voltage source mode (VSM) --- weak grid --- hybrid energy storage --- stand-alone microgrid --- multi-time scale --- coordinated control --- HVDC --- line commutated converter --- wind farm --- frequency stability --- frequency control --- voltage stability --- voltage control --- vector control --- voltage-source converter --- microgrid --- power quality control --- optimal virtual resistor --- 2nd-order lowpass filter --- reference current compensation --- modeling method --- parameter identification --- data testing --- microgrid --- grid-connection/island switching process --- standalone microgrid --- sliding mode control --- solar photovoltaic system --- diesel generator --- power quality improvement --- stability analysis --- grid-tied inverter --- harmonic suppression --- impedance enhancement --- output impedance --- PV generation --- submarine cables --- shunt inverter --- series inverter --- voltage compensation --- power quality
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Five papers were selected for this Special Issue, with three relating to solar energy applications in houses, smart cities, and microgrids; one studying the relationship between the smart city model and the concept of energy sustainability; and one addressing the following two topics: the lack of effectiveness of detection algorithms based on the voltage/frequency displacement concept under voltage-controlled inverters and the applicability limits of others based on the impedance measurement (IM).
anti-islanding --- voltage source converters --- impedance measurement --- microgrids --- solar collector --- evacuated tube --- carbon-acetone nanofluid --- thermal performance --- graphene --- n-pentane --- thermosyphon --- Thermal performance --- tilt angle --- filling ratio --- energy sustainability --- smart cities --- PV self-consumption --- Energy Trilemma Index --- energy security --- environmental sustainability --- renewable energy --- solar cooling --- isolated community --- absorption chiller --- TRNSYS