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It is largely accepted in the relevant literature that successful learning of one or more non-native languages is affected by a number of factors that are independent of the target language(s) per se; these factors include the age of acquisition (AoA) of the target language(s), the type and amount of formal instruction the learners have received, as well as the amount of language use that the learners demonstrate. Recent experimental evidence suggests that one crucial factor for efficient native-like performance in the non-native language is the amount of naturalistic exposure, or immersion, that the learners receive to that language. This can be broadly defined as the degree to which language learners use their non-native language outside the classroom and for their day-to-day activities, and usually presupposes that the learners live in an environment where their non-native language is exclusively or mostly used. Existing literature has suggested that linguistic immersion can be beneficial for lexical and semantic acquisition in a non-native language, as well as for non-native morphological and syntactic processing. More recent evidence has also suggested that naturalistic learning of a non-native language can also have an impact on the patterns of brain activity underlying language processing, as well as on the structure of brain regions that are involved, expressed as changes in the grey matter structure. This Research Topic brings together studies on the effects of learning and speaking a non-native language in a naturalistic environment. These include more efficient or “native-like” processing in behavioural tasks tapping on language (lexicon, morphology, syntax), as well as changes in the brain structure and function, as revealed by neuroimaging studies.

bilingualism --- Second Language Acquisition --- Immersion --- Bilingual lexicon --- phonology --- Morphosyntax --- Multilingualism --- ERPs --- Structural MRI

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Despite the current need for reliable and valid test instruments to monitor the sign language acquisition of Deaf children in different countries, very few tests offering strong evidence for their psychometric properties are commercially available. A German Sign Language (DGS) test that focuses on linguistic structures acquired in preschool- and school-aged children (4-8 years old) is urgently needed. The present study uses as a template a test which has sound psychometric properties and has been standardized on another sign language as a starting point for tests of sign languages that are less documented, such as DGS.This book makes a novel contribution to the field by examining linguistic, cultural, methodological, and theoretical issues in the process of the adaptation from the source language test to the target language test, and by providing a model for future test adaptations. It also includes concrete steps for the test development and adaptation process.Adaptation and Evaluation of a German Sign Language Test addresses students and researchers alike who are involved in sign language test development and adaptation. It also provides a comprehensive summary in German.

Deaf adults --- deaf children --- Deafness --- German Sign Language --- DGS --- German Sign Language --- Test --- Language acquisition

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This Research Topic aims to showcase the state of the art in language research while celebrating the 25th anniversary of the tremendously influential work of the PDP group, and the 50th anniversary of the perceptron. Although PDP models are often the gold standard to which new models are compared, the scope of this Research Topic is not constrained to connectionist models. Instead, we aimed to create a landmark forum in which experts in the field define the state of the art and future directions of the psychological processes underlying language learning and use, broadly defined. We thus called for papers involving computational modeling and original research as well as technical, philosophical, or historical discussions pertaining to models of cognition. We especially encouraged submissions aimed at contrasting different computational frameworks, and their relationship to imaging and behavioral data.

connectionism --- Recurrent networks --- interactive processing --- probabilistic cognition --- computational modeling --- language acquisition --- language processing --- Speech Perception --- word learning --- computational linguistics

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Italiano con l'immaginario introduces a humanistic approach of language teaching little known in Italy, deriving from the French teaching tradition. Simulation globale is a language teaching course which, instead of offering many detached activities and using a standard manual, follows a path on which all elements are connected by a narrative thread. Thus, the oral and written production of a large number of texts takes place within a very motivating context.

didactics --- sprache --- didaktik --- italienisch --- fremdsprachenunterricht --- instruction --- unterricht --- education --- language --- handlungsablauf --- insegnamento --- canovaccio --- kanevas --- didattica --- foreign language acquisition --- lingua --- simulation globale

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The goal of this Special Issue is to bring together state-of-the art articles on applied linguistics which reflect investigation carried out by researchers from different parts of the world. By bringing together papers from different perspectives, we hope to be able to gain a better understanding of the field. Hence, this Special Issue intends to address the study of language in its different dimensions and within the framework of multiple methodologies and formal accounts as used by researchers in the field. This Special Issue is dedicated to research in any area related to applied linguistics, including language acquisition and language learning; language teaching and curriculum design; language for specific purposes; psychology of language, child language and psycholinguistics; sociolinguistics; pragmatics; discourse analysis; corpus linguistics, computational linguistics and language engineering; lexicology and lexicography; and translation and interpretation.

linguistic landscape --- minority language --- bilingualism --- multilingualism --- language contact --- bilingualism --- language contact --- pattern borrowing --- Russian --- Samoyedic languages --- Tungusic languages --- reflexive --- valency changing --- middle voice --- English for Specific Purposes --- Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) --- business English --- legal English --- teacher training --- foreign language teaching --- Integrating Content and Language in Higher Education (ICLHE) --- English as a medium of instruction (EMI) --- teaching methodologies in Higher Education --- internationalization of the curriculum --- named river --- conceptual information extraction --- geographic contextualization --- text mining --- Frame-Based Terminology --- food --- idiom --- metaphor --- metonymy --- English as a Foreign Language --- lexemic transfer --- lemmatic transfer --- Lexical Crosslinguistic Influence --- Study Abroad --- language policy --- higher education --- internationalisation --- discourse analysis --- language diversity --- language attitudes --- English linguistic imperialism --- Spanish universities --- modals --- late Modern English scientific writing --- Coruña Corpus --- spontaneous translanguaging --- discourse practices --- language acquisition --- translation --- corpus analysis --- domain loss --- frame-based terminology --- conceptual complexes --- grammatical gender --- interference --- cognates --- Papiamentu --- Spanish --- n/a