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This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further.

Engineering Ethics --- Robotics --- Applied Psychology --- Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics --- Behavioral Sciences and Psychology --- AI and ethics --- ethics and robotics --- descriptive ethics --- relationship between ethics and law --- machine ethics --- machine meta-ethics --- machine normative ethics --- types of AI systems --- strong and weak AI --- challenges of AI --- Open Access --- Ethics & moral philosophy --- Technology: general issues --- Artificial intelligence --- Psychology

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This open access book offers a unique and practically oriented study of organisational and national conditions for implementing Responsible Research Innovation (RRI) policies and practices. It gives the reader a thorough understanding of the different aspects of RRI, and of barriers and drivers of implementation of RRI related policies. It shows how different organisational and national contexts provide unique challenges and opportunities for bringing RRI into practice. The book provides concrete examples and offers the reader both a theory-based understanding of the topic, as well as guidance for action. The target audience encompasses, in addition to RRI students and scholars in particular, all students and scholars in the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS). The book is also of interest to students and scholars in the fields of research ethics, philosophy of science, organisational governance in the research system and organisational theory more generally. Finally, the book is of use to practitioners in research conducting and funding organisations working to implement RRI.

Research Ethics --- Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary --- Administration, Organization and Leadership --- Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology --- Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics --- Humanities and Social Sciences --- Organization and Leadership --- Economic Sociology --- organizational change --- responsible research and innovation --- science and innovation studies --- responsible innovation --- research ethics --- RRI keys and dimensions --- academic culture and RRI --- international research ethics --- RRI and national contetxts --- science technology and innovation --- Open Access --- Ethics & moral philosophy --- Philosophy of science --- Interdisciplinary studies --- Educational administration & organization --- Sociology: work & labour

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This open access book provides an extensive review of ethical and regulatory issues related to human infection challenge studies, with a particular focus on the expansion of this type of research into endemic settings and/or low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Human challenge studies (HCS) involve the intentional infection of research participants, and this type of research is rapidly increasing in frequency worldwide. HCS are widely considered to be an especially promising approach to vaccine development, including for pathogens endemic to LMICs. However, challenge studies are sometimes controversial and raise complex ethical issues, some of which are especially salient in endemic and/or LMIC settings. Informed by qualitative interviews with experts in infectious diseases and bioethics, this book highlights areas of ethical consensus and controversy concerning this kind of research. As the first volume to focus on ethical issues associated with human challenge studies, it sets the agenda for further work in this important area of global health research; contributes to current debates in research ethics; and aims to inform regulatory policy and research practice. Insofar as it focuses on HCS in (endemic) settings where diseases are present and/or widespread, much of the analysis provided here is directly relevant to HCS involving pandemic diseases including COVID19.

Bioethics --- Infectious Diseases --- Vaccine --- Development and Health --- Moral Philosophy and Applied Ethics --- Internal Medicine --- Pharmacology --- Development Studies --- human challenge studies --- Open Access --- capacity building in low-income countries --- capacity building in middle-income countries --- malariotherapy --- intentional infection --- ethics of challenge studies --- challenge studies in endemic settings --- challenge studies and vulnerable populations --- Falciparum malaria challenge studies in Africa --- Infectious & contagious diseases --- Immunology --- Development studies