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Quantum information has dramatically changed information science and technology, looking at the quantum nature of the information carrier as a resource for building new information protocols, designing radically new communication and computation algorithms, and ultra-sensitive measurements in metrology, with a wealth of applications. From a fundamental perspective, this new discipline has led us to regard quantum theory itself as a special theory of information, and has opened routes for exploring solutions to the tension with general relativity, based, for example, on the holographic principle, on non-causal variations of the theory, or else on the powerful algorithm of the quantum cellular automaton, which has revealed new routes for exploring quantum fields theory, both as a new microscopic mechanism on the fundamental side, and as a tool for efficient physical quantum simulations for practical purposes. In this golden age of foundations, an astonishing number of new ideas, frameworks, and results, spawned by the quantum information theory experience, have revolutionized the way we think about the subject, with a new research community emerging worldwide, including scientists from computer science and mathematics.

reconstruction of quantum theory --- entanglement --- monogamy --- quantum non-locality --- conserved informational charges --- limited information --- complementarity --- characterization of unitary group and state spaces --- algebraic quantum theory --- C*-algebra --- gelfand duality --- classical context --- bohrification --- process theory --- classical limit --- purity --- higher-order interference --- generalised probabilistic theories --- Euclidean Jordan algebras --- Pauli exclusion principle --- quantum foundations --- X-ray spectroscopy --- underground experiment --- silicon drift detector --- measurement uncertainty relations --- relative entropy --- position --- momentum --- quantum mechanics --- the measurement problem --- collapse models --- X-rays --- quantum gravity --- discrete spacetime --- causal sets --- path summation --- entropic gravity --- physical computing models --- complexity classes --- causality --- blind source separation (BSS) --- qubit pair --- exchange coupling --- entangled pure state --- unentanglement criterion --- probabilities in quantum measurements --- independence of random quantum sources --- iterant --- Clifford algebra --- matrix algebra --- braid group --- Fermion --- Dirac equation --- quantum information --- quantum computation --- semiclassical physics --- quantum control --- quantum genetic algorithm --- sampling-based learning control (SLC) --- quantum foundations --- relativity --- quantum gravity --- cluster states --- multipartite entanglement --- percolation --- Shannon information --- quantum information --- quantum measurements --- consistent histories --- incompatible frameworks --- single framework rule --- probability theory --- entropy --- quantum relative entropy --- quantum information --- quantum mechanics --- inference --- quantum measurement --- quantum estimation --- macroscopic quantum measurement --- quantum annealing --- adiabatic quantum computing --- hard problems --- Hadamard matrix --- binary optimization --- reconstruction of quantum mechanics --- conjugate systems --- Jordan algebras --- quantum correlations --- Gaussian states --- Gaussian unitary operations --- continuous-variable systems --- Wigner-friend experiment --- no-go theorem --- quantum foundations --- interpretations of quantum mechanics --- subsystem --- agent --- conservation of information --- purification --- group representations --- commuting subalgebras --- quantum walks --- Hubbard model --- Thirring model --- quantum information --- quantum foundations --- quantum theory and gravity

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This second open access volume of the handbook series deals with detectors, large experimental facilities and data handling, both for accelerator and non-accelerator based experiments. It also covers applications in medicine and life sciences. A joint CERN-Springer initiative, the “Particle Physics Reference Library” provides revised and updated contributions based on previously published material in the well-known Landolt-Boernstein series on particle physics, accelerators and detectors (volumes 21A,B1,B2,C), which took stock of the field approximately one decade ago. Central to this new initiative is publication under full open access.

Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory --- Nuclear Physics, Heavy Ions, Hadrons --- Nuclear Energy --- Accelerator Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- High-energy physics handbook --- Standard model of particle physics --- Fundamental particles and forces --- Physics of particle detectors --- Accelerators and beams --- Open Access --- Particle & high-energy physics --- Scientific standards, measurement etc --- Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) --- Atomic & molecular physics --- Nuclear power & engineering

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During the last decade, novel graphene related materials (GRMs), perovskites, as well as metal oxides and other metal nanostructures have received the interest of the scientific community. Due to their extraordinary physical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties, which are correlated with their 2D ultrathin atomic layer structure, large interlayer distance, ease of functionalization, and bandgap tunability, these nanomaterials have been applied in the development or the improvement of innovative optoelectronic applications, as well as the expansion of theoretical studies and simulations in the fast-growing fields of energy (photovoltaics, energy storage, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, catalysis, etc.), electronics, photonics, spintronics, and sensing devices. The continuous nanostructure-based applications development has provided the ability to significantly improve existing products and to explore the design of materials and devices with novel functionalities. This book demonstrates some of the most recent trends and advances in the interdisciplinary field of optoelectronics. Most articles focus on light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells (SCs), including organic, inorganic, and hybrid configurations, whereas the rest address photodetectors, transistors, and other well-known dynamic optoelectronic devices. In this context, this exceptional collection of articles is directed at a broad scientific audience of chemists, materials scientists, physicists, and engineers, with the goals of highlighting the potential of innovative optoelectronic applications incorporating nanostructures and inspiring their realization.

localized surface plasmon --- green LED --- cathodoluminescence --- FDTD --- NiCo2S4 nanotubes --- Ti porous film --- quantum dot --- solar cells --- counter electrode --- metasurfaces --- orthogonal polarization --- high-efficiency --- polarization analyzer --- green LEDs --- InGaN/GaN superlattice --- V-pits --- external quantum efficiency --- PeLEDs --- OAB --- perovskite --- quantum confinement effect --- transparent electrode --- Ag film --- nucleation layer --- organic solar cell --- graphene oxide --- oxidation --- photodetector --- light-emitting diodes --- quantum dots --- stability --- color-conversion efficiency --- photoluminescence --- p-type InGaN --- graded indium composition --- hole injection --- quantum efficiency --- green LED --- 2D perovskite --- controllable synthesis --- flexible substrate --- photodetector --- photoelectric performance --- photodetector --- organic --- photomultiplication --- tunneling --- external quantum efficiency --- liquid crystals --- metasurfaces --- plasmonics --- actively tunable nanodevices --- solvent --- compact --- smooth --- perovskite solar cells --- indium nanoparticles (In NPs) --- textured silicon solar cells --- antireflective coating (ARC) --- plasmonic forward scattering --- InN/p-GaN heterojunction --- interface --- photovoltaics --- GaN --- LED --- nano-grating --- metamaterials --- mid infrared --- graphene split-ring --- gold split-ring --- electromagnetically induced transparency effect --- transparent conductive electrode --- Ga2O3 --- AlGaN-based ultraviolet light-emitting diode --- transmittance --- sheet resistance --- electrowetting --- tunable absorbers --- subwavelength metal grating --- plasmon resonance --- field emission --- graphene --- reduced graphene oxide --- polymer composites --- graphene ink --- cold cathode --- Fowler–Nordheim --- CdTe microdots --- Schottky barrier --- photodetector --- piezo-phototronic effect --- UV LEDs --- double-layer ITO --- pinhole pattern --- current spreading --- light output power --- flip-chip mini-LED --- prism-structured sidewall --- waveguide photons --- light extraction --- erbium --- silicon transistor --- photocurrent --- colorimetry --- excitation wavelength --- light-emitting diode --- quantum dots --- ternary organic solar cells --- graphene ink --- functionalization --- air-processed --- cascade effect --- charge transfer --- n/a

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This book focuses on recent advances in the synthesis of nanoparticles, their characterization, and their applications in different fields such as catalysis, photonics, magnetism, and nanomedicine. Nanoparticles receive a large share of the worldwide research activity in contemporary materials science. This is witnessed by the number of scientific papers with ""nanoparticle"" as a keyword, increasing linearly in the last 10 years from about 16,000 in 2009 to about 50,000 in 2019. This impressive widespread interest stems from the basic science of nanoparticles, which constitute a bridge between the molecular and the bulk worlds, as well as from their technological applications. The preparation of nanoparticles is a crossroad of materials science where chemists, physicists, engineers, and even biologists frequently meet, leading to a continuous improvement of existing techniques and to the invention of new methods. The reader interested in nanoparticles synthesis and properties will here find a valuable selection of scientific cases that cannot cover all methods and applications relevant to the field, but still provide an updated overview on the fervent research activity focused on nanoparticles.

phytosynthesis --- silver nanoparticles --- Ligustrum ovalifolium L. --- cytotoxic activity --- ovarian carcinoma cells --- InPBi --- quantum dot --- finite element method --- super-luminescent diode --- emission spectrum --- ceria --- catalytic activity --- hierarchical structure --- gold nanorods --- A375 cells --- plasmonic coupling --- photothermal therapy --- hot spot --- graphene --- PLD --- mobility --- egg white protein --- isomalto-oligosaccharide --- glycation --- thermal aggregation --- nanoparticle --- emulsifying property --- pulse laser deposition --- FePt alloy --- magnetic phase --- laser melting in liquid --- Au-Fe alloy --- submicrometre spherical particles --- phase separation --- reaction control --- core-shell particles --- laser wavelength --- zeta potential --- nanoparticles --- nanocomposites --- gas phase condensation --- electron microscopy --- metal oxides --- alloys --- iron --- cobalt --- titanium --- La-Na co-doped TiO2 --- non-aqueous solvent controlled sol-gel route --- physical adsorption --- methylene --- blue --- silicon quantum dots --- synthesis --- one-pot hydrothermal method --- synergistic effect

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This open access State-of-the-Art Survey presents the main recent scientific outcomes in the area of reversible computation, focusing on those that have emerged during COST Action IC1405 "Reversible Computation - Extending Horizons of Computing", a European research network that operated from May 2015 to April 2019. Reversible computation is a new paradigm that extends the traditional forwards-only mode of computation with the ability to execute in reverse, so that computation can run backwards as easily and naturally as forwards. It aims to deliver novel computing devices and software, and to enhance existing systems by equipping them with reversibility. There are many potential applications of reversible computation, including languages and software tools for reliable and recovery-oriented distributed systems and revolutionary reversible logic gates and circuits, but they can only be realized and have lasting effect if conceptual and firm theoretical foundations are established first.

Logic Design --- Computer System Implementation --- Computer Communication Networks --- Special Purpose and Application-Based Systems --- Software Engineering --- Operating Systems --- open access --- reversible computation --- semantics of reversible computation --- formal methods --- models of computation --- circuit design --- simulation --- robotics --- debugging --- quantum computing --- wireless communications --- programming languages --- dependability --- modelling of biochemical systems --- computer networks --- engineering --- software engineering --- parallel processing systems --- theoretical computer science --- Computer architecture & logic design --- Systems analysis & design --- Network hardware --- Expert systems / knowledge-based systems --- Operating systems