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Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.

afforestation --- soil moisture --- precipitation gradient --- restoration strategy --- Loess Plateau --- post-fire hydrology --- source water protection --- drinking-water security --- multi-criteria analysis --- “Forests to Faucets” --- community drinking-water --- compound wildfire-water risk --- land use change --- forests --- ecosystem services --- hydrological modeling --- Mekong --- Cambodia --- native forest --- forest plantation --- shrubland --- grassland --- water provision --- water supply --- land use and land cover change --- NDC --- Chile --- land use change --- SWAT model --- Nenjiang River --- hydrology --- forest --- wetland --- timber harvesting --- forest operations --- nutrient concentrations --- load --- water quality --- water management --- participatory monitoring --- forest watersheds --- social capital --- water governance --- native forests --- forest plantations --- agricultural lands --- catchment management --- dissolved organic matter --- streamside native buffer --- riparian vegetation --- forest and water policy --- sustainability --- climate change --- forest hydrology --- SDGs --- climate change --- forest ecosystem management --- riparian buffer zones --- density management harvest --- aquatic-riparian ecosystems --- connectivity --- heat: moisture index --- Rhyacotriton --- Oregon --- US Pacific Northwest --- forestry --- ecohydrology --- watershed management --- global change --- sustainability