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This open access book focuses on the interplay between random walks on planar maps and Koebe’s circle packing theorem. Further topics covered include electric networks, the He–Schramm theorem on infinite circle packings, uniform spanning trees of planar maps, local limits of finite planar maps and the almost sure recurrence of simple random walks on these limits. One of its main goals is to present a self-contained proof that the uniform infinite planar triangulation (UIPT) is almost surely recurrent. Full proofs of all statements are provided. A planar map is a graph that can be drawn in the plane without crossing edges, together with a specification of the cyclic ordering of the edges incident to each vertex. One widely applicable method of drawing planar graphs is given by Koebe’s circle packing theorem (1936). Various geometric properties of these drawings, such as existence of accumulation points and bounds on the radii, encode important probabilistic information, such as the recurrence/transience of simple random walks and connectivity of the uniform spanning forest. This deep connection is especially fruitful to the study of random planar maps. The book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in mathematics and is suitable for a single-semester course; only a basic knowledge of graduate level probability theory is assumed.
Mathematics --- Probabilities --- Discrete mathematics --- Geometry --- Mathematical physics
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Access; Differential; Durvudkhan; Geometry; Makhmud; Michael; OA; Open; Operators; Partial; Ruzhansky; Sadybekov; Spectral; Suragan
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With their helical structure, cholesteric liquid crystals figure prominently in liquid crystal science. The selective reflection of light is their flagship property, and they offer a myriad of applications as advanced optical materials with multiscale properties. The cholesteric structure is also a ubiquitous design in the animal and plant kingdoms. This book contains eight contributions on fundamental investigations about defects, textures and structures of cholesteric materials, and experimental studies aimed at applications such as temperature sensors, head-up displays for improving automobile driving safety, or smart windows.
chirality --- cholesterics --- nanorods --- Onsager theory --- polydispersity --- liquid-crystalline dispersions of DNA --- cholesteric and hexagonal packing of DNA --- theoretically calculated and experimental circular dichroism spectra --- textures of the DNA liquid-crystalline phases --- “re-entrant” cholesteric phase of DNA --- anthracyclines drugs --- chelate complexes --- nanobridges --- “rigid” particles of DNA --- dielectric heating --- cholesteric liquid crystals --- uniform lying helix --- cholesteric liquid crystal --- two-length scale surface wrinkling --- capillary shape equation --- anisotropic surface energy --- liquid crystal --- cholesteric --- nematic --- conical boundary conditions --- orientational structure --- director configuration --- topological defect --- cholesteric liquid crystals --- polymer --- radical polymerization --- cationic polymerization --- electro-optical property --- microstructure --- geometry phase --- cholesteric liquid crystal --- head-up display --- liquid crystal --- cholesteric liquid crystals --- optical fiber --- side-polished fiber --- sensor
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Cryptography lies at the heart of most technologies deployed today for secure communications. At the same time, mathematics lies at the heart of cryptography, as cryptographic constructions are based on algebraic scenarios ruled by group or number theoretical laws. Understanding the involved algebraic structures is, thus, essential to design robust cryptographic schemes. This Special Issue is concerned with the interplay between group theory, symmetry and cryptography. The book highlights four exciting areas of research in which these fields intertwine: post-quantum cryptography, coding theory, computational group theory and symmetric cryptography. The articles presented demonstrate the relevance of rigorously analyzing the computational hardness of the mathematical problems used as a base for cryptographic constructions. For instance, decoding problems related to algebraic codes and rewriting problems in non-abelian groups are explored with cryptographic applications in mind. New results on the algebraic properties or symmetric cryptographic tools are also presented, moving ahead in the understanding of their security properties. In addition, post-quantum constructions for digital signatures and key exchange are explored in this Special Issue, exemplifying how (and how not) group theory may be used for developing robust cryptographic tools to withstand quantum attacks.
cryptography --- non-commutative cryptography --- one-way functions --- NP-Completeness --- key agreement protocol --- group theory --- symmetry --- Engel words --- alternating group --- WalnutDSA --- digital signatures --- post-quantum cryptography --- cryptanalysis --- braid groups --- algorithms in groups --- group-based cryptography --- Reed–Solomon codes --- key equation --- Berlekamp–Massey algorithm --- Sugiyama et al. algorithm --- euclidean algorithm --- numerical semigroup --- Weierstrass semigroup --- semigroup ideal --- error-correcting code --- algebraic-geometry code --- lightweight cryptography --- permutation group --- block cipher --- generalized self-shrinking generator --- t-modified self-shrinking generator --- pseudo-random number generator --- statistical randomness tests --- cryptography --- pseudorandom permutation --- block cipher --- ideal cipher model --- beyond birthday bound --- provable security --- group key establishment --- group theory --- provable security --- protocol compiler
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The Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted much attention from society, industry and academia as a promising technology that can enhance day to day activities, and the creation of new business models, products and services, and serve as a broad source of research topics and ideas. A future digital society is envisioned, composed of numerous wireless connected sensors and devices. Driven by huge demand, the massive IoT (mIoT) or massive machine type communication (mMTC) has been identified as one of the three main communication scenarios for 5G. In addition to connectivity, computing and storage and data management are also long-standing issues for low-cost devices and sensors. The book is a collection of outstanding technical research and industrial papers covering new research results, with a wide range of features within the 5G-and-beyond framework. It provides a range of discussions of the major research challenges and achievements within this topic.
narrowband --- IoT --- PHY --- NB-IoT --- MAC --- deployment --- survey --- mMTC --- 5G --- grant-free --- scheduling --- URLLC --- ultra-reliable and low-latency communications --- 5G --- deterministic --- time-critical --- reliability --- latency --- aperiodic traffic --- Industry 4.0 --- 5G --- mMTC --- IoT --- CSMA --- SINR --- throughput --- polynomial interpolation --- 5G --- liquid detection --- radio propagation --- dielectric constant --- WCI --- congestion --- estimation --- irregular repetition slotted ALOHA --- medium access control --- random access --- successive interference cancellation --- 5G --- internet of things --- mMTC --- eMBB --- stochastic geometry --- resource allocation --- Internet of Things --- Industry 4.0 --- Internet of Things --- Industrial Internet of Things --- Cyber Physical System --- cloud computing --- fog computing --- edge computing --- smart devices --- smart factory --- industrial automation --- M2M --- heterogeneous networks --- non-orthogonal multiple access --- energy efficiency --- MU association --- power control --- D2D communication --- 5G --- sensor network --- sensor --- end-to-end delay --- USRP --- distributed mechanism --- Raspberry Pi
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The book Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks provides insights and solutions for a range of problems in the field of obtaining greener, energy-efficient, and sustainable networks. The book contains the outcomes of the Special Issue on “Green, Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Networks” of the Sensors journal. Seventeen high-quality papers published in the Special Issue have been collected and reproduced in this book, demonstrating significant achievements in the field. Among the published papers, one paper is an editorial and one is a review, while the remaining 15 works are research articles. The published papers are self-contained peer-reviewed scientific works that are authored by more than 75 different contributors with both academic and industry backgrounds. The editorial paper gives an introduction to the problem of information and communication technology (ICT) energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, presenting the state of the art and future trends in terms of improving the energy-efficiency of wireless networks and data centers, as the major energy consumers in the ICT sector. In addition, the published articles aim to improve energy efficiency in the fields of software-defined networking, Internet of things, machine learning, authentication, energy harvesting, wireless relay systems, routing metrics, wireless sensor networks, device-to-device communications, heterogeneous wireless networks, and image sensing. The last paper is a review that gives a detailed overview of energy-efficiency improvements and methods for the implementation of fifth-generation networks and beyond. This book can serve as a source of information in industrial, teaching, and/or research and development activities. The book is a valuable source of information, since it presents recent advances in different fields related to greening and improving the energy-efficiency and sustainability of those ICTs particularly addressed in this book
internet-of-things --- opportunistic networks --- wireless power transfer --- inter-meeting time --- Markov chain --- node speed --- battery capacity --- node density --- energy-efficient Ethernet --- QoS --- SDN --- real-time traffic --- ONOS --- image compressive sensing (CS) --- green internet of things (IoT) --- measurement structure --- random structural matrices --- linear recovery --- Internet of Things --- malware detection --- adversarial samples --- machine learning --- edge computing --- clustering --- physical-layer authentication --- lightweight cipher --- channel state information --- lightweight authentication --- HetNets --- interference coordination --- energy efficiency --- stochastic geometry --- Device-to-Device (D2D) --- peer discovery --- energy harvesting --- social awareness --- PHY-layer --- light-weight authentication --- neural network --- WSN --- industrial --- wireless power transfer --- directional charging vehicle --- charging efficiency --- RWSN --- green networking --- energy aware routing --- carbon footprint --- adaptive link rate --- control and data plane --- 5G --- energy-efficiency --- sustainability --- NOMA --- energy harvesting --- amplify-and-forward --- imperfect CSI --- successive interference cancellation (SIC) --- machine learning --- LTE-A --- energy efficiency --- resource block allocation --- bisection based optimal power allocation --- water filling algorithm --- proportional rate constraint --- mobile edge computing --- IoT --- RF Fingerprinting --- authentication --- cooperative smart community --- scheduling algorithm --- consumer preferences --- renewables --- software defined networking (SDN) --- data center --- optimization --- traffic engineering --- energy awareness --- energy-efficiency --- wireless --- green --- sustainable --- data centre --- networks --- ICT --- 5G --- power --- wired access --- IoT --- spatial modulation --- multiple-input multiple-output --- full-duplex --- self-interference cancellation --- symbol error probability
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This book is a collection of recent publications from researchers all over the globe in the broad area of high-voltage engineering. The presented research papers cover both experimental and simulation studies, with a focus on topics related to insulation monitoring using state-of-the-art sensors and advanced machine learning algorithms. Special attention was given in the Special Issue to partial discharge monitoring as one of the most important techniques in insulation condition assessment. Moreover, this Special Issue contains several articles which focus on different modeling techniques that help researchers to better evaluate the condition of insulation systems. Different power system assets are addressed in this book, including transformers, outdoor insulators, underground cables, and gas-insulated substations.
space/interface charge --- electrical field strength --- temperature --- oil-paper insulation --- simulation --- bipolar charge transport model --- earthing systems --- electrode’s geometry --- fast-impulses --- high-magnitude currents and impulse polarity --- grounding --- grounding electrodes --- high impulse conditions --- seasonal --- soil resistivity --- partial discharges (PD) --- partial discharge --- calibrator --- Tettex 9520 --- DDX 8003 --- DDX 9121b --- secondary arc --- short-circuit discharge --- numerical modeling --- plasma discharge --- post insulator --- non-uniform pollution between windward and leeward sides --- residual resistance formulation --- flashover dynamic model --- artificial flashover tests --- flashover characteristics --- feature selection --- insulation health index --- machine learning --- oil/paper insulation --- transformer asset management --- thermal effect --- cable --- XLPE --- laying modes --- Comsol Multiphysics --- thermal parameters --- cable ampacity --- partial discharge --- surface discharge --- UHF sensor --- FDTD simulation --- cavity discharge --- partial discharge --- denoising --- RF signal --- wavelet transform --- artificial neural network --- curve fitting --- saline mechanism --- shoreline --- wind speed --- outdoor insulators --- dry band arcing --- flashover --- tracking --- ageing --- hydrophobicity --- leakage current --- dry band arcing --- degradation --- polymeric insulation --- tracking test setup --- composite insulator --- dry band formation --- heat transfer model --- generalized finite difference time domain --- corona discharge --- electric field analysis --- ion flow field --- space charge density --- UFVM --- partial discharge --- optical-UHF integrated detection --- photoelectric fusion pattern --- GIL --- NSCT --- cable joint --- charge simulation method --- electrical tree --- random walk theory --- finite element analysis --- partial discharge modeling --- high-frequency --- fast-rise square wave voltages --- silicone gel --- wide bandgap power modules --- surface discharge --- flashover --- gas --- modelling --- pressure --- thermal properties
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Digital image correlation (DIC) has become the most popular full field measurement technique in experimental mechanics. It is a versatile and inexpensive measurement method that provides a large amount of experimental data. Because DIC takes advantage of a huge variety of image modalities, the technique allows covering a wide range of space and time scales. Stereo extends the scope of DIC to non-planar cases, which are more representative of industrial use cases. With the development of tomography, digital volume correlation now provides access to volumetric data, enabling the study of the inner behavior of materials and structures.However, the use of DIC data to quantitatively validate models or accurately identify a set of constitutive parameters remains challenging. One of the reasons lies in the compromises between measurement resolution and spatial resolution. Second, the question of the boundary conditions is still open. Another reason is that the measured displacements are not directly comparable with usual simulations. Finally, the use of full field data leads to new computational challenges.
super pressure balloon --- stress concentration --- strain --- non-contact measurement --- digital image correlation --- large deformation --- digital image correlation --- multi-perspective --- single camera --- cross dichroic prism --- earthquake rupture --- fault geometry --- spatiotemporal evolution --- strain gage --- spatial sampling rate --- rupture speed --- slip velocity --- high-speed camera --- experimental-numerical method --- digital image correlation --- finite element method --- static analysis --- arch structures --- fracture process zone --- digital image correlation technique --- acoustic emission technique --- stress intensity factor --- 3D deformation --- digital volume correlation --- optical coherence elastography --- virtual fields method --- layered material --- interior 3D deformation --- digital volumetric speckle photography --- X-ray microtomography --- digital volume correlation --- red sandstone --- woven composite beam --- digital image correlation --- dynamic interfacial rupture --- traction continuity across interfaces --- non-contact video gauge --- measurement --- stress-strain relationship --- uniaxial tensile test --- elevated temperature --- DIC --- initial condition --- image registration --- strain measurement --- copper plate --- underwater impulsive loading --- non-liner dynamic deformation --- 3D digital image correlation --- image correlation --- gradient correlation functions --- laser speckles --- image cross-correlation --- monitoring --- geosciences --- automated systems --- machine learning --- image classification --- image shadowing --- characterization of composite materials --- interlaminar tensile strength --- digital image correlation --- inverse method --- finite element model updating --- Digital image correlation (DIC) --- composite structures --- structural testing --- experimental mechanics --- composite materials --- automated composite manufacturing --- composite inspection --- automated fiber placement (AFP) --- DIC --- traceable calibration --- accuracy --- error --- n/a
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