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Book Series: Frontiers Research Topics ISSN: 16648714 ISBN: 9782889199389 Year: 2016 Pages: 91 DOI: 10.3389/978-2-88919-938-9 Language: English
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Subject: General and Civil Engineering --- Biotechnology
Added to DOAB on : 2016-01-19 14:05:46
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For the manual wheelchair (MWC) user, loss of lower extremity function often places the burden for mobility and activities of daily living on the upper extremities. This e-book on Wheeled Mobility Biomechanics contains current research that provides insights into the mechanical demands and performance techniques during tasks associated with MWC. Our intent was to contribute to advancing the knowledge regarding the variables that promote or hinder an individual’s capacity to handle the daily manual wheeled mobility demands and gain greater insights into upper extremity loading consequences, predictors of pain onset and injury, and ultimately identify strategies for preserving health and functional mobility for the MWC user.
Wheelchair --- mobility --- Shoulder --- Pain --- Spinal Cord Injuries --- propulsion --- Car Transfer --- Ultrasonography
Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Added to DOAB on : 2016-08-16 07:37:51
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The past decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge regarding how mitochondrial dysfunction may translate into ageing and disease phenotypes, as well as how it is modulated by genetic and lifestyle factors. Impairment of the mitochondria may be caused by mutations or deletions in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA. Hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction include decreased ATP production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, swollen mitochondria, damaged cristae, increased oxidative stress, and decreased mitochondrial DNA copy number. In addition to energy production, mitochondria play an important role in regulating apoptosis, buffering calcium release, retrograde signaling to the nuclear genome, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), participating in steroid synthesis, signaling to the immune system, as well as controlling the cell cycle and cell growth. Dysfunctional mitochondria have been implicated in ageing and in several diseases, many of which are age-related, including mitochondrial diseases, cancers, metabolic diseases and diabetes, inflammatory conditions, neuropathy, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s disease. Additionally, a possible link between mitochondrial metabolism and the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome systems is emerging as a novel factor contributing to the progression of several human diseases. This special issue calls for original research, mini and full reviews, and perspectives that address the progress and current standing in the vast field of mitochondrial biology. These include, but are not limited to: ageingneurodegenerative diseasesmitochondrial diseasesmetabolic diseasesprotein homeostasiscell/retrograde signalingoxidative stresspaincancerimmune systemtherapies to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction
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