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Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance have most commonly been viewed in the context of human use and effects. However, both have co-existed in nature for millennia. Recently the roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes have started to be discussed in terms of functions other than bacterial inhibition and protection. This special topic will focus on both the traditional role of antibiotics as warfare mechanisms and their alternative roles and uses within nature such as antibiotics as signals or communication mechanisms, antibiotic selection at low concentrations, the non-specific role of resistance mechanisms in nature: e.g. efflux pumps, evolution of antibiotic resistance and the role of persisters in natural antibiotic resistance.

Microbiology --- mobile elements --- Plasmids --- Soil --- Water --- human --- environment --- Standards --- risk

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It becomes increasingly clear that the basis of antibiotic resistance problem among bacterial pathogens is not confined to the borders of clinical microbiology but has broader ecological and evolutionary associations. This Research Topic “Role and prevalence of antibiosis and the related resistance genes in the environment” in Frontiers in Microbiology, section Antimicrobials, Resistance and Chemotherapy, presents the examples of occurrence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in the wide range of environments, from the grasslands of the Colombian Andes, to the dairy farms and small animal veterinary hospitals in the United Stated, and to the various environments of Continental Europe and Indochina. Besides, various genetic mechanisms and selection/co-selection factors contributing to the dissemination and maintenance of antibiotic resistance genes are presented. The topic is finalized by the mathematical modeling approach to access the probability of rare horizontal gene transfer events in bacterial populations.

antibiotic resistance --- mobile genetic elements --- Plasmids --- Integrons --- Soil --- Water --- wastewater treatment --- Animal production --- Hospital --- environment --- modeling

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In this book a methodology for the evaluation of energy efficiency of mobile working machines by simulation is presented. It allows an efficiency analysis and systematic optimization of a single power train as well as a comparison of different power train concepts. The methodology is applied to a wheeled excavator. To ensure a realistic power demand in the simulation, a rule-based operator model is developed.

Mobile Arbeitsmaschinen, Bewertungsmethodik, Energieeffizienz, Bagger, Simulation, Antriebssysteme, Fahrermodellmobile machines, evaluation methodology, energy efficiency, excavator, simulation, power trains, operator model

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An der Erforschung und Erprobung der mediengestützten Lern- und Arbeitsszenarien in Wissenschaft und Hochschule sind Expertinnen und Experten aus unterschiedlichsten Domänen beteiligt. Damit steht die Aktivität der Gesellschaft für Medien in der Wissenschaft (GMW) unter dem Zeichen der Interdisziplinarität. Bereits etabliert sind Fächerkombinationen wie die Mediendidaktik oder die Medieninformatik. Im wissenschaftlichen Alltag entstehen jedoch deutlich mehr interdisziplinäre Schnittstellen, deren Erörterung und Untersuchung das Thema der GMW-Tagung 2015 sind. Die Tagungsbeiträge finden sich in den Themenbereichen Digitale Medien und Interdisziplinarita¨t, Open Educational Resources, Gescha¨ftsmodelle sowie Gestaltung und Praxis wieder. Die GMW 2015 will den Diskurs zur Nutzung digitaler Medien in interdisziplinären Settings durch wissenschaftlich und praktisch fundierte Studien bereichern und konsolidieren.

Social Media --- Mobile Learning --- Massive Open Online Courses --- MOOCs --- Lerngestaltung --- Campus von morgen --- Mediendidaktik --- Educational Technology --- mediale Bildungsräume --- Tablets im Studium --- Blended Learning --- virtuelle Lernräume --- Hochschuldidaktik --- E-Assessment --- Flipped Classroom --- social Reading --- xMOOC --- eMOOC --- E-Lectures --- E-Vorlesungen --- Online-Veranstaltungen --- Gamification --- E-Learning --- Multimediale Lernräume --- moodle --- Video-Feedback